1、raising standards worldwideNO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBSI Standards PublicationInformation technology Real-time locating systems (RTLS)Part 5: Chirp spread spectrum (CSS) at 2,4 GHz air interfaceBS ISO/IEC 24730-5:2010National forewordThis British Standard
2、is the UK implementation of ISO/IEC 24730-5:2010.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical CommitteeIST/34, Automatic identification and data capture techniques.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained onrequest to its secretary.This publication
3、does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of acontract. Users are responsible for its correct application. BSI 2010ISBN 978 0 580 59927 9ICS 35.040Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity fromlegal obligations.This British Standard was published under the authority of
4、 the StandardsPolicy and Strategy Committee on 31 May 2010.Amendments issued since publicationAmd. No. Date Text affectedBRITISH STANDARDBS ISO/IEC 24730-5:2010Reference numberISO/IEC 24730-5:2010(E)ISO/IEC 2010INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/IEC24730-5First edition2010-04-01Information technology Real-t
5、ime locating systems (RTLS) Part 5: Chirp spread spectrum (CSS) at 2,4 GHz air interface Technologies de linformation Systmes de localisation en temps rel (RTLS) Partie 5: Spectre tal de compression dimpulsions (CSS) une interface dair de 2,4 GHz BS ISO/IEC 24730-5:2010ISO/IEC 24730-5:2010(E) PDF di
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9、OTECTED DOCUMENT ISO/IEC 2010 All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or
10、ISOs member body in the country of the requester. ISO copyright office Case postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20 Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11 Fax + 41 22 749 09 47 E-mail copyrightiso.org Web www.iso.org Published in Switzerland ii ISO/IEC 2010 All rights reservedBS ISO/IEC 24730-5:2010ISO/IEC 24730-5:2010(E) ISO
11、/IEC 2010 All rights reserved iiiContents Page Foreword vi Introduction.vii 1 Scope1 2 Normative references1 3 Terms and definitions .2 4 Symbols and abbreviated terms 3 5 Overview.6 5.1 Components.6 5.2 Purpose 6 5.3 Not covered by the standard7 5.4 System7 5.5 Document structure 7 6 Requirements.7
12、 6.1 Frequency range7 6.2 2,4 GHz spread spectrum air interface specifications.7 6.3 Compliance requirements 8 6.4 Manufacturer tag ID.8 6.5 Physical layer parameters 8 7 Physical (PHY) layer specification.9 7.1 Modulations .9 7.2 Data rates .9 7.2.1 General PHY packet format 9 7.3 2-ary orthogonal
13、CSS9 7.3.1 Reference modulator diagram .10 7.3.2 Bandwidths and Transmit power spectral density (PSD) mask .10 7.3.3 Equivalent baseband representation of the continuous time 2-ary orthogonal CSS signal .12 7.3.4 Signal tolerance.13 7.3.5 Bit to symbol mapping13 7.3.6 Chirp generator13 7.3.7 Preambl
14、e.13 7.3.8 Start of frame delimiter .14 7.3.9 Bit scrambler14 7.3.10 PHY Header 14 7.3.11 Overview (informative)14 7.4 DQPSK-CSS .16 7.4.1 Reference modulator diagram .16 7.4.2 Bandwidth and transmit Power Spectral Density (PSD) mask .17 7.4.3 Equivalent baseband representation of the continuous tim
15、e DQPSK-CSS signal.18 7.4.4 Signal tolerance.20 7.4.5 Overview (informative)20 7.4.6 Demultiplexer (DEMUX) 22 7.4.7 Serial to Parallel mapping (S/P) .22 7.4.8 Data Symbol - to - Bi-Orthogonal code word mapping .22 7.4.9 Parallel - to - Serial converter (P/S) and QPSK symbol mapping.25 7.4.10 Differe
16、ntial-QPSK (DQPSK) coding .25 7.4.11 DQPSK to DQPSK-CSS modulation 26 7.4.12 Chirp generator26 7.4.13 Bit interleaver.26 BS ISO/IEC 24730-5:2010ISO/IEC 24730-5:2010(E) iv ISO/IEC 2010 All rights reserved7.4.14 Preamble.26 7.4.15 Start of frame delimiter .27 7.4.16 PHY Header 27 8 MAC sub-layer speci
17、fication.27 8.1 Overview.27 8.2 General packet format.27 8.3 Packet types.27 8.4 MAC frame formats28 8.4.1 MAC frame format for Data packet.28 8.4.2 MAC frame format for ACK packet.28 8.4.3 MAC frame format for Broadcast packet.28 8.4.4 MAC frame format for RTS packet .29 8.4.5 MAC frame format for
18、CTS packet .29 8.4.6 MAC frame fields29 8.5 MAC Timing31 8.5.1 2-way handshake .31 8.5.2 3-way handshake .32 8.5.3 Ranging-related time measurements.33 8.5.4 Media access33 9 Tag application layer specification36 9.1 Overview.36 9.1.1 Example scenario 37 9.2 Tag application states .38 9.2.1 Default
19、state .38 9.2.2 Wait state 38 9.2.3 Range state.39 9.2.4 Sleep state 39 9.2.5 Blink state.39 9.2.6 State transitions.40 9.3 Commands .41 9.3.1 SwitchState command 42 9.3.2 SetConfigVector command.45 9.3.3 GetConfigVector command 47 9.3.4 SetRangingPeers command.47 9.3.5 AddRangingPeers command47 9.3
20、.6 GetRangingPeers command.48 9.3.7 User defined command .48 9.3.8 Command prioritization 48 9.4 Tag application packet formats49 9.4.1 Application blink packet .50 9.4.2 Application command packet.51 9.4.3 Application report packet .51 9.4.4 GetConfigVector report.52 9.4.5 GetRangingPeers report .5
21、2 9.4.6 Ranging report .52 9.4.7 Application ranging packet.53 9.5 Ranging packet exchanges 57 9.5.1 Ranging packet exchange type 1.57 9.5.2 Ranging packet exchange type 2.58 9.5.3 Ranging packet exchange type 3.60 9.5.4 Ranging packet exchange type 4.61 9.6 Timing values.62 9.7 Default profile.62 9
22、.8 Error handling 62 Annex A (informative) Time base tolerances in two-way ranging63 Annex B (informative) Coexistence.66 Annex C (informative) Computing location values from range values69 BS ISO/IEC 24730-5:2010ISO/IEC 24730-5:2010(E) ISO/IEC 2010 All rights reserved vAnnex D (informative) Locatio
23、n and roaming of tags .70 Bibliography72 BS ISO/IEC 24730-5:2010ISO/IEC 24730-5:2010(E) vi ISO/IEC 2010 All rights reservedForeword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) and IEC (the International Electrotechnical Commission) form the specialized system for worldwide standardizati
24、on. National bodies that are members of ISO or IEC participate in the development of International Standards through technical committees established by the respective organization to deal with particular fields of technical activity. ISO and IEC technical committees collaborate in fields of mutual
25、interest. Other international organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO and IEC, also take part in the work. In the field of information technology, ISO and IEC have established a joint technical committee, ISO/IEC JTC 1. International Standards are drafted in accordance
26、with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of the joint technical committee is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the joint technical committee are circulated to national bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard
27、requires approval by at least 75 % of the national bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO and IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO/IEC 24730-5 was
28、 prepared by Joint Technical Committee ISO/IEC JTC 1, Information technology, Subcommittee SC 31, Automatic identification and data capture techniques. ISO/IEC 24730 consists of the following parts, under the general title Information technology Real-time locating systems (RTLS): Part 1: Application
29、 program interface (API) Part 2: 2,4 GHz air interface protocol Part 5: Chirp spread spectrum at 2,4 GHz air interface BS ISO/IEC 24730-5:2010ISO/IEC 24730-5:2010(E) ISO/IEC 2010 All rights reserved viiIntroduction CSS is a technique for spreading the bandwidth of a digital signal by using chirp pul
30、ses. Chirp pulses are pulses with a monotonically increasing or decreasing instantaneous frequency. Chirp pulses were originally used for radar applications. Recently, systems and standards have been developed which use chirp pulses also for communication applications. This part of ISO/IEC 24730 inc
31、ludes ranging and bidirectional communication between tags and infrastructure. Bidirectional communication enables the infrastructure to control the behaviour of tags in a timely manner. BS ISO/IEC 24730-5:2010INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/IEC 24730-5:2010(E) ISO/IEC 2010 All rights reserved 1Informati
32、on technology Real-time locating systems (RTLS) Part 5: Chirp spread spectrum (CSS) at 2,4 GHz air interface 1 Scope ISO/IEC 24730 defines air interface protocols and an application programming interface (API) for real-time locating systems (RTLS). This part of ISO/IEC 24730 defines an air interface
33、 protocol which utilizes chirp spread spectrum (CSS) at frequencies from 2,4 GHz to 2,483 GHz. This protocol supports bidirectional communication and two-way ranging between the readers and tags of an RTLS. The mandatory default mode ensures interoperability between tags and infrastructure from vari
34、ous manufacturers, while the availability of several options offers flexibility to the developer of the infrastructure to adapt the behaviour of the overall system to the specific needs of his application. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the applicatio
35、n of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO/IEC 15963, Information technology Radio frequency identification for item management Unique identification for RF ta
36、gs ISO/IEC 19762-1, Information technology Automatic identification and data capture (AIDC) techniques Harmonized vocabulary Part 1: General terms relating to AIDC ISO/IEC 19762-3, Information technology Automatic identification and data capture (AIDC) techniques Harmonized vocabulary Part 3: Radio
37、frequency identification (RFID) ISO/IEC 19762-4, Information technology Automatic identification and data capture (AIDC) techniques Harmonized vocabulary Part 4: General terms relating to radio communications ISO/IEC 19762-5, Information technology Automatic identification and data capture (AIDC) te
38、chniques Harmonized vocabulary Part 5: Locating systems ISO/IEC 24730-1, Information technology Real-time locating systems (RTLS) Part 1: Application program interface (API) Guidelines on Limiting Exposure to Non-Ionizing Radiation, International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNI
39、RP), Munich, 1999 IEC 62369-1 ed1.0, Evaluation of human exposure to electromagnetic fields from short range devices (SRDs) in various applications over the frequency range 0 GHz to 300 GHz Part 1: Fields produced by devices used for electronic article surveillance, radio frequency identification an
40、d similar systems IEEE Std C95.1-2005, IEEE Standard for Safety Levels with Respect to Human Exposure to Radio Frequency Electromagnetic Fields, 3 kHz to 300 GHz BS ISO/IEC 24730-5:2010ISO/IEC 24730-5:2010(E) 2 ISO/IEC 2010 All rights reserved3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document
41、, the terms and definitions given in ISO/IEC 19762-1, ISO/IEC 19762-3, ISO/IEC 19762-4, ISO/IEC 19762-5 and the following apply. 3.1 chirp spread spectrum technique for spreading the bandwidth of a digital signal using linear frequency sweep signals 3.2 Class I system that operates at a radiated pow
42、er of up to 10 mW EIRP 3.3 Class II system that operates at a radiated power higher than 10 mW up to the maximum defined by local regulations 3.4 ranging process of determining the distance between two RTLS transceivers through the exchange of a specific set of messages 3.5 ranging peer RTLS transce
43、iver with which to perform ranging 3.6 RF channel combination of a centre frequency value and bandwidth value 3.7 RTLS tag RTLS transceiver that accepts commands from RTLS readers and sends blinks and/or reports to the RTLS readers 3.8 RTLS transmitter part of an RTLS transceiver which is capable of
44、 sending messages 3.9 demultiplexer equipment for reversing the process of multiplexing 3.10 medium wireless channel 3.11 trilateration method of determining the relative positions of objects using the known locations of three reference points and the measured distance between the object to be locat
45、ed and each reference point 3.12 interleaving rearrangement or transposition of data to enhance the effectiveness of error control schemes 3.13 interleaver unit that performs interleaving (3.12) BS ISO/IEC 24730-5:2010ISO/IEC 24730-5:2010(E) ISO/IEC 2010 All rights reserved 33.14 baseband frequency
46、band occupied by the aggregate of the signals used to modulate a carrier before they combine with the carrier in the modulation process 3.15 orthogonal inner product being close to zero 3.16 peer X xth peer in a description of a situation with multiple peers 4 Symbols and abbreviated terms ACK ackno
47、wledge ARQ Automatic Repeat Query BTS Backoff Time Slot CIFS Carrier sense Inter Frame Space CTS Clear To Send CRC Cyclic Redundancy Check CSMA/CA Carrier Sense Multiple Access / Collision Avoidance CSS Chirp Spread Spectrum dBr decibel relative DEMUX demultiplexer DQPSK Differential Quadrature Phas
48、e Shift Keying DQPSK-CSS Differential Quadrature Phase Shift Keying over Chirp Spread Spectrum Dst Destination address EIRP Equivalent Isotropical Radiated Power LFSR Linear Feedback Shift Register LSB Least Significant Bit MMSE Minimum Mean Square Error MAC Medium Access Control NAV Network Allocat
49、ion Vector PHR PHY header PHY physical layer PPDU PHY Protocol Data Unit BS ISO/IEC 24730-5:2010ISO/IEC 24730-5:2010(E) 4 ISO/IEC 2010 All rights reservedPSDU PHY Service Data Unit QPSK Quadrature Phase Shift Keying RTS Request To Send RTLS Real Time Locating System SFD Start of Frame Delimiter SHR synchronization header SIFS Short Inter Frame Space Src source address TWR Two Way Ranging SDS-TWR Symmetric Double Sided Two Way Ranging e Euler constant j imaginar
