1、raising standards worldwideNO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBSI Standards PublicationBS ISO/IEC 24770:2012Information technology Real-time locating system(RTLS) device performance testmethods Test methods forair interface communication at2,4 GHzBS ISO/IEC 24770:2
2、012 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of ISO/IEC24770:2012.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee IST/34, Automatic identification and data capturetechniques.A list of organizations represented on this committee can b
3、eobtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessaryprovisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correctapplication. The British Standards Institution 2012. Published by BSI StandardsLimited 2012ISBN 978 0 580 78383 8ICS 35.040Compliance wit
4、h a British Standard cannot confer immunity fromlegal obligations.This British Standard was published under the authority of theStandards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 December 2012.Amendments issued since publicationDate Text affectedBS ISO/IEC 24770:2012Reference numberISO/IEC 24770:2012(E)I
5、SO/IEC 2012INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/IEC24770First edition2012-12-01Information technology Real-time locating system (RTLS) device performance test methods Test methods for air interface communication at 2,4 GHz Technologies de linformation Systme de localisation en temps rel (RTLS) mthodes disposi
6、tif de performance du test Mthodes dessai pour linterface de communication de lair 2,4 GHz BS ISO/IEC 24770:2012ISO/IEC 24770:2012(E) COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO/IEC 2012 All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by
7、 any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester. ISO copyright office Case postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20 Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11 Fax + 41 22 749 09 47 E-ma
8、il copyrightiso.org Web www.iso.org Published in Switzerland ii ISO/IEC 2012 All rights reservedBS ISO/IEC 24770:2012ISO/IEC 24770:2012(E) ISO/IEC 2012 All rights reserved iiiForeword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) and IEC (the International Electrotechnical Commission) for
9、m the specialized system for worldwide standardization. National bodies that are members of ISO or IEC participate in the development of International Standards through technical committees established by the respective organization to deal with particular fields of technical activity. ISO and IEC t
10、echnical committees collaborate in fields of mutual interest. Other international organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO and IEC, also take part in the work. In the field of information technology, ISO and IEC have established a joint technical committee, ISO/IEC JTC 1
11、. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of the joint technical committee is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the joint technical committee are circulated to national bodies f
12、or voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the national bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or
13、 all such patent rights. ISO/IEC 24770 was prepared by Joint Technical Committee ISO/IEC JTC 1, Information technology, Subcommittee SC 31, Automatic identification and data capture techniques. ISO/IEC 24770 cancels and replaces ISO/IEC TR 24770:2008. BS ISO/IEC 24770:2012ISO/IEC 24770:2012(E) iv IS
14、O/IEC 2012 All rights reservedIntroduction ISO/IEC 24730 defines the air interfaces and an application programming interface for Real Time Locating Systems (RTLS) devices used in asset management applications. This International Standard provides test methods for measuring performance of equipment c
15、ompliant with ISO/IEC 24730-2. ISO/IEC 24769 contains all measurements required to be made on a product in order to establish whether it conforms to the corresponding part of ISO/IEC 24730. BS ISO/IEC 24770:2012INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/IEC 24770:2012(E) ISO/IEC 2012 All rights reserved 1Informatio
16、n technology Real-time locating system (RTLS) device performance test methods Test methods for air interface communication at 2,4 GHz 1 Scope This International Standard defines the test methods for determining the performance characteristics of 2,4 GHz real time locating system (RTLS) equipment inc
17、luding tags, readers, and exciters which are applicable to the selection of equipment that conforms to ISO/IEC 24730-2 for specific applications. This International Standard does not apply to the testing in relation to regulatory or similar requirements. The RTLS equipment performance parameters inc
18、luded in this International Standard include the mandatory direct sequence spread spectrum (DSSS) 2,4 GHz radio frequency beacon link between tags and readers. It includes the optional onoff keyed/frequency shift keyed (OOK/FSK) short range radio frequency link between tags and programmers. It also
19、includes the optional magnetic air-interface between exciters and tags and between programmers and tags. Unless otherwise specified, the tests in this International Standard apply exclusively to RTLS equipment defined in ISO/IEC 24730-2. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are
20、indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO/IEC 24730-2:2006, Information technology Real-time locating systems (RTLS) Part 2: 2
21、,4 GHz air interface protocol ISO/IEC 19762-1, Information technology Automatic identification and data capture (AIDC) techniques Harmonized vocabulary Part 1: General terms relating to AIDC ISO/IEC 19762-3, Information technology Automatic identification and data capture (AIDC) techniques Harmonize
22、d vocabulary Part 3: Radio frequency identification (RFID) 3 Terms, definitions and abbreviated terms 3.1 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO/IEC 19762-1 and ISO/IEC 19762-3 apply. 3.2 Abbreviated terms ARB arbitrary waveform generator BPSK
23、 binary phase shift keying BS ISO/IEC 24770:2012ISO/IEC 24770:2012(E) 2 ISO/IEC 2012 All rights reservedDSSS direct sequence spread spectrum DUT device under test EIRP effective isotropic radiated power EVM error vector magnitude FSK frequency shift keying OOK on-off keying PPM parts per million RBW
24、 resolution bandwidth RTLS real time location system TIB timed interval blink VBW video bandwidth 4 General 4.1 Performance requirements This International Standard specifies a series of tests to determine the performance characteristics of RTLS equipment relative to the ISO/IEC 24730-2 air interfac
25、es. The results of these tests can be used to determine the suitability of RTLS equipment for applications. 4.1.1 Location accuracy The primary function of RTLS equipment is to locate tags within the area covered by the readers. Location accuracy determines the primary performance criteria of an RTL
26、S. Location accuracy can be characterized by comparing the systems calculated location for a given set of tags to the actual location of the tags. The system must be able to locate tags to within the applications allowable error. 4.1.2 Tag capacity A RTLS must typically locate a large number of tags
27、. The number of tag blinks per second that can be processed and located through the readers can be used to determine a systems tag capacity. The system must be able to provide location information for an applications peak tag blink density. 4.1.3 Location latency The latency between when the tag bli
28、nk is transmitted and when the RTLS equipment can provide accurate location information determines the suitability of the equipment for the application. 4.1.4 Tag orientation The ability of an RTLS to provide real time location information should be independent of the orientation of the tag. The loc
29、ation reported by the RTLS should not change as the tag is rotated in any orientation relative to the readers. BS ISO/IEC 24770:2012ISO/IEC 24770:2012(E) ISO/IEC 2012 All rights reserved 34.1.5 System range and packet error rates The range of the tag-reader 2,4 GHz DSSS link determines the reader de
30、nsity requirements and also effects system capacity. The packet error rate will determine how often the equipment can successfully provide accurate location information for the tag. The range, packet error rate, and orientation requirements of the optional air interfaces between the tags and exciter
31、s, and between the tags and programmers, determine the usability of the system in meeting the applications requirements. 4.2 Default conditions applicable to the test methods These conditions apply to all tests. 4.2.1 Test environment Testing shall take place in an environment typical to that of the
32、 desired application. Testing can be performed indoors or outdoors with temperature and humidity profiles similar to that expected in the desired application. The RF noise floor at the test location should also represent typical conditions expected within the desired application. 4.2.2 Default toler
33、ance Unless otherwise specified, a default tolerance of 5 % shall be applied to the quantity values given to specify the characteristics of the test equipment and the test method procedures. 4.2.3 System Logging The RTLS should provide sufficient data logging to allow determination of the number of
34、packets received and sent, but this is not absolutely required. 5 Performance tests for ISO/IEC 24730-2 5.1 System locate performance This subclause includes tests for location performance. 5.1.1 Test objective The objective of this test is evaluate the system locate performance characteristics of t
35、he ISO/IEC 24730-2 equipment. 5.1.2 Test set up The readers shall be connected to omni-directional antennas. It is preferred that the RTLS locate performance characteristics be evaluated with the system installed as it would for the desired application. If that is not possible, then the equipment sh
36、all be configured as shown in Figure 1, with four readers at the corners of a square measuring 300 m across the diagonal (outdoor applications) or 200 m across the diagonal (indoor applications). In addition to standalone tags, several tags mounted on the applications locatable assets (or items of c
37、omparable size and composition) shall be used to evaluate locate performance. BS ISO/IEC 24770:2012ISO/IEC 24770:2012(E) 4 ISO/IEC 2012 All rights reserved300mTagsReader ReaderReader ReaderFigure 1 Setup of equipment for RTLS locate accuracy test 5.1.3 Test procedure The tag shall be configured to t
38、ransmit 72-bit DSSS blinks as defined in ISO/IEC 24730-2:2006, 6.3.2.2. Unless otherwise indicated, the tags shall be configured at a blink interval such that the number of tags in the test divided by the blink interval used during test is equal to or greater than the planned number of assets tagged
39、 in the application (within range of a given set of readers) divided by the planned blink interval of application tags. Each blink shall be configured with at least two sub-blinks. The tag shall be configured to transmit at the extremes of class 1 power: 0 dBm and +10 dBm EIRP. The tag shall be atta
40、ched to assets such as to reproduce the conditions of the desired application. Additional procedures specific to individual test are outlines in the test measurement and requirements. 5.1.4 Test measurements and requirements 5.1.4.1 Location accuracy Tags, or sets of tags shall be distributed throug
41、hout the area of coverage at about a 20 m spacing as shown in Figure 2. The actual location of all tags shall be recorded. The test shall be run long enough to capture a minimum of 250 tag blinks from each tag. This will typically be several hours minimum. The total number of tag locates calculated
42、during the test shall be divided by expected number of blinks from all the tags included in the test for the duration of the test using the formula: (N tags) * (test duration)/(tag blink interval). Each location calculation shall be compared to appropriate tags actual location to produce the locatio
43、n error. The location accuracy shall be represented as a percentage of all locations calculated by the system in which the errors fall within the specified maximum error divided by the total number of locations calculated. The radius of acceptable error shall be determined by the requirements of the
44、 application. BS ISO/IEC 24770:2012ISO/IEC 24770:2012(E) ISO/IEC 2012 All rights reserved 5TagsReader ReaderReader ReaderFigure 2 Setup of equipment showing tag spacing 5.1.4.2 Location reporting latency The test shall include at least 50 tag location changes to capture a statistically significant n
45、umber of tag blinks. Tags, or groups of tags, shall be moved from one known location to another known location throughout the test. The exact time of each actual move shall be logged, as well as the exact time of reported location change. Record the difference between the time of reception and the t
46、ime of the location report which location is within the maximum error allowed by the application. 5.1.4.3 Tag capacity The tags shall be configured at a blink interval such that the total number of blinks per second during the test is at least 2,5 times the expected blinks per second in the applicat
47、ion. This ensures that the system will continue to perform at times when tag blinks cluster in time. The location accuracy and locate latency shall be compared to the results from test results at the expected number of blinks per second to determine performance degradation. 5.1.4.4 Tag orientation T
48、his test is required only for applications where the tag orientation when attached to the asset is not predicable. For the duration of the test, compare the errors in the calculated location as the tag is rotated through all three axes. Changes in location accuracy as a result of orientation should
49、be noted in the test report quantitatively. BS ISO/IEC 24770:2012ISO/IEC 24770:2012(E) 6 ISO/IEC 2012 All rights reserved5.1.5 Test report The test report shall contain location accuracy statistics evaluating the percentage of tag blinks located to within the applications required locate error radius. The report shall also contain the maximum tag blinks per second the system can handle and still meet the required location accuracy and locate latency. The report shall also include the average laten
