1、raising standards worldwideNO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBSI Standards PublicationBS ISO/IEC 25021:2012Systems and software engineering Systems and software Quality Requirements and Evaluation (SQuaRE) Quality measure elementsBS ISO/IEC 25021:2012 BRITISH STAN
2、DARDNational forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of ISO/IEC 25021:2012. It supersedes PD ISO/IEC TR 25021:2007,which is withdrawn.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to T e c h n i c a l C o m m i t t e e I S T / 1 5 , S o f t w a r e a n d s y s t e m s e n g i
3、n e e r i n g .A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. The British Standards Institution 2012. Publish
4、ed by BSI Standards Limited 2012.ISBN 978 0 580 73286 7 ICS 35.080 Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations.This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 30 November 2012.Amendments issued since publi
5、cationDate T e x t a f f e c t e dBS ISO/IEC 25021:2012Reference numberISO/IEC 25021:2012(E)ISO/IEC 2012INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/IEC25021First edition2012-11-01Systems and software engineering Systems and software Quality Requirements and Evaluation (SQuaRE) Quality measure elements Ingnierie des
6、systmes et du logiciel Exigences de qualit et valuation des systmes et du logiciel (SQuaRE) lments de mesure de la qualit BS ISO/IEC 25021:2012 ISO/IEC 25021:2012(E) COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO/IEC 2012 All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduc
7、ed or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester. ISO copyright office Case postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20 Tel. + 41 22 749
8、01 11 Fax + 41 22 749 09 47 E-mail copyrightiso.org Web www.iso.org Published in Switzerland ii ISO/IEC 2012 All rights reservedBS ISO/IEC 25021:2012ISO/IEC 25021:2012(E) ISO/IEC 2012 All rights reserved iiiContents Page Foreword iv Introduction . v 1 Scope 1 2 Conformance . 1 3 Normative references
9、 1 4 Terms and definitions . 2 5 Abbreviated terms . 4 6 Quality measure elements concept . 4 6.1 Presentation of the measurement method model 4 6.2 Table format of QMEs . 7 Annex A (informative) Examples of QMEs 12 Annex B (informative) Guide for Designing a Quality Measure Element (QME) . 27 Annex
10、 C (informative) Additional Examples of QME and proposed expansion . 30 Annex D (informative) Measurement scale type 36 Bibliography 37 iv ISO/IEC 2012 All rights reservedForeword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) and IEC (the International ElectrotechnicalCommission) form the
11、 specialized system for worldwide standardization. National bodies that are members ofISO or IEC participate in the development of International Standards through technical committeesestablished by the respective organization to deal with particular fields of technical activity. ISO and IECtechnical
12、 committees collaborate in fields of mutual interest. Other international organizations, governmentaland non-governmental, in liaison with ISO and IEC, also take part in the work. In the field of informationtechnology, ISO and IEC have established a joint technical committee, ISO/IEC JTC 1. Internat
13、ional Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of the joint technical committee is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the joint technical committee are circulated to national bodies for voting.
14、 Publication asan International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the national bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patentrights. ISO and IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all
15、 such patent rights. ISO/IEC 25021 was prepared by Joint Technical Committee ISO/IEC JTC 1, Information technology,Subcommittee SC 7, Software and System Engineering. This first edition of International Standard ISO/IEC 25021 cancels and replaces the first edition ofTechnical Report ISO/IEC TR 25021
16、:2007. The SQuaRE series of standards consists of the following divisions under the general title Systems and Software Quality Requirements and Evaluation (SQuaRE): ISO/IEC 2500n, Quality Management Division, ISO/IEC 2501n, Quality Model Division, ISO/IEC 2502n, Quality Measurement Division, ISO/IEC
17、 2503n, Quality Requirements Division, and ISO/IEC 2504n, Quality Evaluation Division. BS ISO/IEC 25021:2012 ISO/IEC 25021:2012(E) BS ISO/IEC 25021:2012ISO/IEC 25021:2012(E) ISO/IEC 2012 All rights reserved vIntroduction The purpose of this International Standard is to define and/or design an initia
18、l set of Quality Measure Elements (QME) to be used throughout the product life cycle for the purpose of Systems and Software Quality Requirements and Evaluation (SQuaRE). The document also gives a set of rules to design a QME or verify the design of an existing QME. The content of this document cons
19、titutes the link between the ISO/IEC 9126 series of standards and the subsequent SQuaRE series of standards. A number of QMEs for quality measures that quantify some of the characteristic and subcharacteristic represent an initial list, which is to be used during the construction of the quality meas
20、ures as referenced in ISO/IEC TR 9126-2, ISO/IEC TR 9126-3 and ISO/IEC TR 9126-4. Quality measures presented in the SQuaRE series (Figures 1, 2) were extracted from ISO/IEC TR 9126 series but it is not the only source. When evaluating selected quality measures, the user should first understand the d
21、efinition of each property related to a QME used within the selected quality measures. The main purposes of defining and using the Quality Measures Elements (QMEs) in this document are: To provide guidance for organisations developing and implementing their own QMEs; To promote the consistent use of
22、 specific QME for measuring and using the product properties that are relevant to different product quality characteristics and subcharacteristics; To help identify a set of QMEs that are uniquely required to derive all the quality measures for a given set of characteristics or a set of subcharacter
23、istics of a product. The QMEs are the common components of a number of quality measures. The intended usage of this International standard is that users will be able to select and define relevant valid QMEs to define internal, external, data or quality-in-use quality measures. Then, these can be use
24、d for quality requirements definition, products evaluation and quality assessment but not necessary limited to those. It is therefore recommended to use this document prior or together with the ISO/IEC 2502n series of standards. Quality MeasurementDivision 2502n Extension Division 25050-25099 Qualit
25、y Evaluation Division 2504n Quality Management Division 2500n Quality Requirements Division 2503n Quality Model Division 2501n Figure 1 Organisation of the SQuaRE series of international standards vi ISO/IEC 2012 All rights reservedFigure 1 illustrates the organisation of the SQuaRE series represent
26、ing families of standards, further calledDivisions. Figure 2 Structure of the Quality Measurement Division ISO/IEC TR 9126-4Quality in use measuresISO/IEC TR 9126-3Internal measuresISO/IEC TR 9126-2External measuresISO/IEC 9126-1Quality modelQuality characteristicsQuality subcharacteristicsQuality m
27、easuresISO/IEC 25021 Quality measure elements (QME)SQuaRE Quality measuresQuality measure 1Quality measure 2Quality measure 3- - - -Quality measure nISO/IEC 2502nFigure 3 The relationship of ISO/IEC 25021 as a link between the 9126 series and the SQuaRE seriesof standard BS ISO/IEC 25021:2012 ISO/IE
28、C 25021:2012(E) BS ISO/IEC 25021:2012ISO/IEC 25021:2012(E) ISO/IEC 2012 All rights reserved viiThe ISO/IEC 9126 series is composed of four documents that list and describe the characteristics, subcharacteristics and quality measures that are referred to as the quality model. The SQuaRE quality model
29、s categorize product quality into characteristics which are further subdivided into subcharacteristics and quality properties (ISO/IEC 25010). Each quality measure within ISO/IEC 9126 series is composed of at least two QMEs. The properties (of a product) are linked to the QME (ISO/IEC 25020), using
30、a measurement method. The 2502n series designs and describes quality measures and associated QMEs for all the quality (sub)characteristics in the quality model. BS ISO/IEC 25021:2012 ISO/IEC 25021:2012(E) BS ISO/IEC 25021:2012INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/IEC 25021:2012(E) ISO/IEC 2012 All rights reser
31、ved 1Systems and software engineering Systems and software Quality Requirements and Evaluation (SQuaRE) Quality measure elements 1 Scope This International Standard contains the following information: Requirements for defining QMEs as part of the specification of the product quality requirements wit
32、h examples (see 6.2 Tables 1 and 2); NOTE Product quality includes system quality, software product quality, data quality and eventually system service quality. An initial set of QMEs, as examples (see Annex A Table A.1); A guideline for defining and quantifying the property of the product (target e
33、ntity) for QMEs (see Annex B) This document is intended for, but not limited to, developers, acquirers and independent evaluators of products, particularly those responsible for defining product quality requirements and for product evaluation. This International Standard is applicable when defining
34、the QMEs to be used to implement quality measures such as those specified in ISO/IEC 25022, ISO/IEC 25023 and ISO/IEC 25024. 2 Conformance When users define quality measures for a product, each of the referred QME shall be described according to the information items of format specified in Table 1 (
35、see 6.2). The same should be applied for modifying an existing QME. 3 Normative references The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references
36、, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO/IEC 25000:2005, Software engineering Software product Quality Requirements and Evaluation (SQuaRE) Guide to SQuaRE ISO/IEC 25010:2011, Systems and software engineering Systems and software product Quality Require
37、ments and Evaluation (SQuaRE) System and software quality models ISO/IEC 25020:2007, Software engineering Software product Quality Requirements and Evaluation (SQuaRE) Measurement reference model and guide ISO/IEC 15939:2007, Systems and software engineering Measurement process ISO/IEC Guide 99:2007
38、, International vocabulary of metrology Basic and general concepts and associated terms (VIM) 2 ISO/IEC 2012 All rights reserved4 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO/IEC 25000, ISO/IEC 25010,ISO/IEC 25020, ISO/IEC 15939, ISO/IEC Guide 99, a
39、nd the following apply. The following definitions arereplicated here for the convenience of the user of this document. 4.1 data quality degree to which the characteristics of data satisfy stated and implied needs when used under specifiedconditions ISO/IEC 25012:2008 4.2 external measure of software
40、 quality measure of the degree to which a software product enables the behavior of a system to satisfy stated andimplied needs for the system including the software to be used under specified conditions NOTE 1 The behavior can be verified and/or validated by executing the software product during tes
41、ting and operation.NOTE 2 Based on the ISO/IEC 25000:2005 definition of external software quality. NOTE 3 This definition was adapted from ISO/IEC 25010:2011. 4.3 internal measure of software quality measure of the degree to which a set of static properties of a software product satisfies stated and
42、 impliedneeds for the software product to be used under specified conditions NOTE 1 Static properties include those that relate to the software architecture, structure and its components. NOTE 2 Static properties can be verified by review, inspection, simulation and/or automated tools. NOTE 3 This d
43、efinition was adapted from ISO/IEC 25010:2011. EXAMPLE Depending of the context specifications faults, design faults and code faults could be used as internalquality measures. NOTE 4 Based on the ISO/IEC 25000:2005 definition of internal software quality. 4.4 measure (noun) variable to which a value
44、 is assigned as the result of measurement NOTE The term “measures” is used to refer collectively to base measures, measures, and indicators. ISO/IEC 15939:2007 4.5 measure (verb)make a measurement ISO/IEC 25000:2005 4.6 measurement set of operations having the object of determining a value of a meas
45、ure ISO/IEC 15939:2007 NOTE Measurement can be nominal, ordinal, interval and ratio scale type. BS ISO/IEC 25021:2012 ISO/IEC 25021:2012(E) BS ISO/IEC 25021:2012ISO/IEC 25021:2012(E) ISO/IEC 2012 All rights reserved 34.7 measurement function algorithm or calculation performed to combine two or more
46、quality measure elements NOTE This definition is modified from ISO/IEC 15939:2007 definition of measurement method. 4.8 measurement method logical organisation of operations, described generically, used in measurement NOTE This definition is modified from ISO/IEC 15939:2007 definition of measurement
47、 method. 4.9 measurement procedure logical organisation of operations, applied specifically, used in the performance of particular measurements according to a given measurement method NOTE 1 This definition is modified from ISO/IEC 15939:2007 definition of measurement procedure. NOTE 2 A measurement
48、 procedure is usually recorded in a document that is sometimes itself called a “measurement procedure“ and is usually in sufficient detail to enable an operator to carry out a measurement without additional information. 4.10 model specification of the concepts, relationships and rules that are used
49、to define a methodology ISO/IEC 24744:2007, Software Engineering Model for Development Methodologies 4.11 property to quantify property of a target entity that is related to a quality measure element and which can be quantified by a measurement method NOTE 1 A software artifact is an example of a target entity. NOTE 2 A sub-property is related to a property. 4.12 quality in use measure measure of the degree to which a product or system can be used by specific users
