1、BSI Standards PublicationBS ISO/IEC 29182-3:2014Information technology Sensor networks:Sensor Network ReferenceArchitecture (SNRA)Part 3: Reference architecture viewsBS ISO/IEC 29182-3:2014 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of ISO/IEC29182-3:2014.The UK
2、participation in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee IST/70, Sensor Networks.A list of organizations represented on this committee can beobtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessaryprovisions of a contract. Users are responsible
3、for its correctapplication. The British Standards Institution 2014. Published by BSI StandardsLimited 2014ISBN 978 0 580 72477 0ICS 35.110Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity fromlegal obligations.This British Standard was published under the authority of theStandards Policy and
4、 Strategy Committee on 28 February 2014.Amendments issued since publicationDate Text affectedBS ISO/IEC 29182-3:2014Information technology Sensor networks: Sensor Network Reference Architecture (SNRA) Part 3: Reference architecture viewsTechnologies de linformation Rseaux de capteurs: Architecture d
5、e rfrence pour rseaux de capteurs Partie 3: Vues de larchitecture de rfrence ISO/IEC 2014INTERNATIONAL STANDARDISO/IEC29182-3First edition2014-02-15Reference numberISO/IEC 29182-3:2014(E)BS ISO/IEC 29182-3:2014ISO/IEC 29182-3:2014(E)ii ISO/IEC 2014 All rights reservedCOPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO
6、/IEC 2014All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be
7、requested from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester.ISO copyright officeCase postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11Fax + 41 22 749 09 47E-mail copyrightiso.orgWeb www.iso.orgPublished in SwitzerlandBS ISO/IEC 29182-3:2014ISO/IEC 29182-3:2014
8、(E) ISO/IEC 2014 All rights reserved iiiContents PageForeword ivIntroduction v1 Scope . 12 Normative references 13 Terms and definitions . 14 Abbreviated terms 15 Purpose of Sensor Network Reference Architecture 26 Overview of Sensor Network Reference Architecture . 37 Business architecture .118 Inf
9、ormation architecture 128.1 Introduction . 128.2 Application architecture 128.3 Data architecture 129 Technical architecture .139.1 Introduction . 139.2 Physical View . 169.3 System View . 179.4 System Functionality 199.5 Technical View 19Bibliography .22BS ISO/IEC 29182-3:2014ISO/IEC 29182-3:2014(E
10、)ForewordISO (the International Organization for Standardization) and IEC (the International Electrotechnical Commission) form the specialized system for worldwide standardization. National bodies that are members of ISO or IEC participate in the development of International Standards through techni
11、cal committees established by the respective organization to deal with particular fields of technical activity. ISO and IEC technical committees collaborate in fields of mutual interest. Other international organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO and IEC, also take part
12、 in the work. In the field of information technology, ISO and IEC have established a joint technical committee, ISO/IEC JTC 1.International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.The main task of the joint technical committee is to prepare Internat
13、ional Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the joint technical committee are circulated to national bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the national bodies casting a vote.Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of t
14、he elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO and IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.ISO/IEC 29182-3 was prepared by Joint Technical Committee ISO/IEC JTC 1, Information technology.ISO/IEC 29182 consists of the following parts, und
15、er the general title Information technology Sensor networks: Sensor Network Reference Architecture (SNRA): Part 1: General overview and requirements Part 2: Vocabulary and terminology Part 3: Reference architecture views Part 4: Entity models Part 5: Interface definitions Part 6: Applications Part 7
16、: Interoperability guidelinesiv ISO/IEC 2014 All rights reservedBS ISO/IEC 29182-3:2014ISO/IEC 29182-3:2014(E)IntroductionA wide range of applications has been proposed for sensor networks. In practice, however, sensor networks have been built and deployed for a relatively small number of applicatio
17、ns. This is partly due to the lack of a business case for certain applications and partly due to technical challenges in building a non-trivial sensor network of reasonable complexity. The main reason for this impediment is multi-disciplinary expertise such as sensors, communications and networking,
18、 signal processing, electronics, computing, and cyber security is required to design a sensor network. Presently, the design process is so complex that one can leverage little from one sensor network design to another. It appears as if one has to start from almost scratch every time one wishes to de
19、sign and deploy a sensor network. Yet, upon closer inspection, there are many commonalities in instantiations of sensor networks that realize various applications. These commonalities include similarities in the choice of network architecture and the entities/functional blocks that are used in the a
20、rchitecture.The purpose of the ISO/IEC 29182 series of International Standards (ISs) is to provide guidance to facilitate the design and development of sensor networks, improve interoperability of sensor networks, and make sensor network components plug-and-play, so that it becomes fairly easy to ad
21、d/remove sensor nodes to/from an existing sensor network.The ISO/IEC 29182 series can be used by sensor network designers, software developers, system integrators, and service providers to meet customer requirements, including any applicable interoperability requirements.The ISO/IEC 29182 series com
22、prises seven parts. Brief descriptions of these parts are given next.ISO/IEC 29182-1 provides a general overview and the requirements for the sensor network reference architecture.ISO/IEC 29182-2 provides definitions for the terminology and vocabulary used in the reference architecture.ISO/IEC 29182
23、-3 presents the reference architecture from various viewpoints, such as business, operational, system, technical, functional, and logical views.This part of ISO/IEC 29182 categorizes the entities comprising the reference architecture into two classes of physical and functional entities and presents
24、models for the entities.ISO/IEC 29182-5 provides detailed information on the interfaces among various entities in the reference architecture.ISO/IEC 29182-6 provides detailed information on the development of International Standardized Profiles.ISO/IEC 29182-7 provides design principles for the refe
25、rence architecture that take the interoperability requirements into account. ISO/IEC 2014 All rights reserved vBS ISO/IEC 29182-3:2014BS ISO/IEC 29182-3:2014Information technology Sensor networks: Sensor Network Reference Architecture (SNRA) Part 3: Reference architecture views1 ScopeThis Internatio
26、nal Standard (IS) provides Sensor Network Reference Architecture (SNRA) views. The architecture views include business, operational, systems, and technical perspectives, and these views are presented in functional, logical, and/or physical views where applicable. This IS focuses on high-level archit
27、ecture views which can be further developed by system developers and implementers for specific applications and services.2 Normative referencesThe following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, on
28、ly the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.ISO/IEC 29182-1, Information technology Sensor networks: Sensor Network Reference Architecture (SNRA) Part 1: General overview and requirementsISO/IEC 29182-2, Infor
29、mation technology Sensor networks: Sensor Network Reference Architecture (SNRA) Part 2: Vocabulary and terminologyISO/IEC 29182-4, Information technology Sensor networks: Sensor Network Reference Architecture (SNRA) Part 4: Entity modelsISO/IEC 29182-5, Information technology Sensor networks: Sensor
30、 Network Reference Architecture (SNRA) Part 5: Interface definitions3 Terms and definitionsFor the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO/IEC 29182-2 apply.4 Abbreviated terms1D One-dimensional2D Two-dimensional3D Three-dimensionalAL Application LayerBFL Basic Function Lay
31、erCIP Collaborative Information ProcessingCLM Cross Layer ManagementINTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/IEC 29182-3:2014(E) ISO/IEC 2014 All rights reserved 1BS ISO/IEC 29182-3:2014ISO/IEC 29182-3:2014(E)CPU Computer Processing UnitGHL Gateway Hardware LayerGPS Global Positioning SystemNOAA National Oceanic
32、and Atmospheric AdministrationIS International StandardOGC Open Geospatial ConsortiumOS Operating SystemPV Physical ViewRA Reference ArchitectureSL Service LayerSNHL Sensor Node Hardware LayerSNRA Sensor Network Reference ArchitectureSOA Service-Oriented ArchitectureSV System ViewTS Technical Standa
33、rdsTV Technical View5 Purpose of Sensor Network Reference ArchitectureThis International Standard provides reference architecture views consistent with the requirements which are defined in ISO/IEC 29182-1 (General overview and requirements) and can be utilized more effectively with other Parts, esp
34、ecially with ISO/IEC 29182-4 (Entity Models) and ISO/IEC 29182-5 (Interface Definitions).A Reference Architecture (RA) is a generalized architecture of several end systems that share one or more common domains, giving direction downward and requiring compliance upward. Therefore, an architecture for
35、 a certain application will contain some, most, or all of the reference architecture. In other words, the developer can reuse entities and elements in the reference architecture that fit his or her application architecture and ignore the rest of entities and elements in the reference architecture. I
36、n addition, the RA provides standards and policies for building a specific architecture.RAs provide a consistent point of departure for implementing solutions so that each implementation:a) Follows a consistent decomposition and design pattern;b) Reduces cost by exploiting opportunities for reuse of
37、 services, products, data definitions, etc.;c) Reduces schedule by starting with a core architecture to be tailored for implementation; andd) Reduces risk by: Incorporating required global capabilities; and Taking advantaged of lessons learned and related expertise.The Sensor Network Reference Archi
38、tecture (SNRA) outlines “what” the overall structured approach is for facilitating interoperability and the SNRA, from the details of this structure, indicates “how” the 2 ISO/IEC 2014 All rights reservedBS ISO/IEC 29182-3:2014ISO/IEC 29182-3:2014(E)architecture and its entities will operate through
39、 the development of interface standards. In short, the SNRA provides rules and guidance for developing and presenting architecture descriptions.This standard provides not only multiple perspectives of SNRA (e.g. business, information, and technical) but also multiple views of the technical architect
40、ure (e.g. physical, system, operational, etc.) describing a sensor network (e.g. business, information, application, and data). The combination of these architecture perspectives and views forms a comprehensive architectural description of the sensor network system. The reference architecture perspe
41、ctives and views are to:a) Show how Sensor Networks operate in a homogeneous or a heterogeneous system;b) Show the systems of equipment and the flows of information that support the sensor networks; andc) Show the technical rules and guidelines that allow these systems to interoperate.Typically, a d
42、eveloper begins depicting an architecture with desires and needs for the data/information that could be provided by a sensor network or sensor networks and that could meet the desires and needs (e.g. then translated into a set of requirements). Additionally, the developer needs to have an understand
43、ing of the technology available and also the roadmap of technologies to come. For example, the desires and needs could be a computer and a set of sensor nodes (thus, a sensor network) in a car to monitor and control subsystems, or alternatively they could be a large system of systems, such as the se
44、nsor networks by National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) to monitor worldwide weather in order to predict weather patterns and to provide warnings if necessary. Each developer will have specific requirements concerning the capabilities that a sensor node or sensor network should have
45、for target applications and services. The developer also needs to make many decisions in developing a sensor network architecture including whether a sensor network will perform data processing to provide high level information to a user, or a sensor network will make the raw data available to a use
46、r who will use its own applications to process the raw data. The Sensor Network Reference Architecture (SNRA) can provide the developer with various options and understanding for the developments, and more importantly, SNRA provides the developer with the architecture starting point.The SNRA support
47、s the development of interoperating and interacting architectures. It defines the multiple perspectives of SNRA and the multiple views of the technical architecture. Each view is composed of sets of architecture data elements that are depicted via graphic, tabular, or textual products. The SNRA also
48、 clearly defines the relationships between these architectural views and the data elements they contain.6 Overview of Sensor Network Reference ArchitectureSensor network is a system of distributed sensor nodes communicating with each other and also interacting with other sensor networks that monitor
49、s environments external to the sensor network in order to acquire, process, transfer, and provide information extracted from a physical world.This Sensor Network Reference Architecture (SNRA) consists of a set of domains which are concerned with gathering raw data from each domains physical environment, processing raw data into information, and delivering information to a user or users. The user can be a human or a machine/software (e.g. automated command and control system). In cases where a sensor network has a
