1、 g49g50g3g38g50g51g60g44g49g42g3g58g44g55g43g50g56g55g3g37g54g44g3g51g40g53g48g44g54g54g44g50g49g3g40g59g38g40g51g55g3g36g54g3g51g40g53g48g44g55g55g40g39g3g37g60g3g38g50g51g60g53g44g42g43g55g3g47g36g58Part 4: Guidelines for the adaptation of graphical symbols for use on screens and displays (icons)I
2、CS 01.080.20; 35.180Basic principles for graphical symbols for use on equipment BRITISH STANDARDBS ISO/IEC 80416-4:2005BS ISO/IEC 80416-4:2005This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 19 January 2006 BSI 19 January 2006ISBN 0 580 47068
3、7The British Standards which implement international publications referred to in this document may be found in the BSI Catalogue under the section entitled present to the responsible international/European committee any “International Standards Correspondence Index”, or by using the “Search” facilit
4、y of the BSI Electronic Catalogue or of British Standards Online.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations.Su
5、mmary of pagesThis document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, the ISO/IEC title page, pages ii to v, a blank page, pages 1 to 19 and a back cover.The BSI copyright notice displayed in this document indicates when the document was last issued.Amendments issued since publicationAmd. No.
6、Date CommentsA list of organizations represented on this subcommittee can be obtained on request to its secretary.Cross-referencesenquiries on the interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep UK interests informed; monitor related international and European developments and promulgate them in t
7、he UK.National forewordThis British Standard reproduces verbatim ISO/IEC 80416-4:2005 and implements it as the UK national standard.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted by Technical Committee PH/8, Graphical symbols and signs, to Subcommittee PH/8/3, Graphical symbols for use on equ
8、ipment, which has the responsibility to: aid enquirers to understand the text;Reference numberISO 80416-4:2005(E)INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO80416-4First edition2005-08-01Basic principles for graphical symbols for use on equipment Part 4: Guidelines for the adaptation of graphical symbols for use on s
9、creens and displays (icons) Principes de base pour les symboles graphiques utilisables sur le matriel Partie 4: Lignes directrices pour ladaptation de symboles graphiques utilisables sur les crans et les dispositifs de visualisation (icnes) BS ISO/IEC 80416-4:2005ii iiiContents Page Foreword iv Intr
10、oduction v 1 Scope . 1 2 Normative references . 1 3 Terms and definitions. 1 4 Area of application 2 4.1 Screens and displays . 2 4.2 Supporting documentation 2 4.3 International Standards 2 5 Principles of implementation. 2 5.1 General usage . 2 5.2 Types of icons. 3 5.3 Relationship between graphi
11、cal symbols and icons 3 5.4 Colour 3 6 Constructing icons . 4 6.1 General. 4 6.2 Cell sizes 4 6.3 Location of graphical image in cell. 5 6.4 Line drawing 5 6.5 Creating alternative versions of resolution/implementation 6 6.6 Filled areas 7 6.7 Distinguishability 7 6.8 Representation of arrows 7 6.9
12、Composite icons . 8 7 Icon behaviours 10 7.1 General. 10 7.2 Status indication. 10 7.3 Animated icons . 10 7.4 Dynamic icons. 10 8 Consistency. 11 9 Orientation. 11 Annex A (informative) Examples of graphical symbols adapted as icons. 13 Annex B (informative) Design guidelines for new icons 16 Bibli
13、ography . 19 BS ISO/IEC 80416-4:2005iv Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member bod
14、y interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrote
15、chnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by
16、 the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rig
17、hts. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. In order to collect all requirements concerning basic principles for graphical symbols for use on equipment, ISO/TC 145, Graphical symbols, and IEC/TC 3, Documentation and graphical symbols, agreed to prepare joint
18、ly all parts in this International Standard and to publish them under the general number 80416. For each of the individual parts of this series, only one of the two organizations is responsible. Meanwhile, the technical committees have agreed that no modification will be made to International Standa
19、rd 80416 except by mutual agreement. ISO 80416-4 was accordingly prepared jointly by Technical Committee ISO/TC 145, Graphical symbols, and Subcommittee 3C, Graphical symbols for use on equipment, of Technical Committee IEC/TC 3, Information structures, documentation and graphical symbols. ISO 80416
20、 consists of the following parts, under the general title Basic principles for graphical symbols for use on equipment: Part 2: Form and use of arrows Part 4: Guidelines for the adaptation of graphical symbols for use on screens and displays (icons) IEC 80416-1, Creation of symbol originals, and IEC
21、80416-3, Guidelines for the application of graphical symbols are published by IEC. BS ISO/IEC 80416-4:2005vIntroduction A graphical symbol is a visually perceptible figure used to transmit information independently of language. Graphical symbols are used on equipment for a wide range of purposes. Fo
22、r such symbols, consistency in the design of families of symbols used in one location, or on similar equipment, helps users to understand the meaning of the symbols. Equally important is the legibility of symbols when they are reduced to small dimensions. Thus, there is a need to standardize the pri
23、nciples for creating graphical symbols for use on equipment to ensure visual clarity and consistency, and thereby to improve recognition. This International Standard which is a multi-part standard, addresses the basic rules used to create graphical symbols for use on equipment, including line thickn
24、esses, form and use of arrows, negation elements, and use of the basic pattern which serves as a guide for drawing symbols. These design principles are required to be used for all graphical symbols for use on equipment, which are standardized in ISO 7000 and IEC 60417. Icons can reduce the apparent
25、complexity of a software-user interface, making it easier to learn and use. This part of ISO 80416 provides guidelines for the adaptation of graphical symbols for use on screens and displays (icons). This part of ISO 80416 is primarily concerned with the adaptation of graphical symbols for use as ic
26、ons. However, the guidelines may also be used in the development of icons where suitable graphical symbols do not exist. Annex B contains additional guidelines for this purpose. Annex A provides examples of those symbols adapted as icons. BS ISO/IEC 80416-4:2005blank1Basic principles for graphical s
27、ymbols for use on equipment Part 4: Guidelines for the adaptation of graphical symbols for use on screens and displays (icons) 1 Scope This part of ISO 80416 provides guidelines for the adaptation of graphical symbols for use on screens and displays (icons) on a wide range of equipment, such as elec
28、trotechnical equipment, photocopiers, vehicle dashboards and home appliances. It also provides principles for maintaining the fidelity of icons to the original graphical symbols. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dat
29、ed references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO 7000, Graphical symbols for use on equipment Index and synopsis Database available at ISO/IEC 11581-2, Information technology User system inter
30、faces and symbols Icon symbols and functions Part 2: Object icons ISO/IEC 11581-3, Information technology User system interfaces and symbols Icon symbols and functions Part 3: Pointer icons ISO/IEC 11581-5, Information technology User system interfaces and symbols Icon symbols and functions Part 5:
31、Tool icons ISO/IEC 11581-6, Information technology User system interfaces and symbols Icon symbols and functions Part 6: Action icons IEC 80416-1, Basic principles for graphical symbols for use on equipment Part 1: Creation of symbol originals ISO 80416-2, Basic principles for graphical symbols for
32、use on equipment Part 2: Form and use of arrows IEC 60417, Graphical symbols for use on equipment database available at 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in IEC 80416-1 and the following apply. 3.1 anti-aliasing technique using several intensi
33、ties of colour between the colour of a line and the background colour to create the effect of smoother curves and fewer jagged edges on curves and diagonals BS ISO/IEC 80416-4:20052 3.2 default option or attribute already provided by the operating system or application, and which the user can change
34、 3.3 icon graphical symbol presented on a screen or display NOTE Icons can be static and interactive and change as the result of user input, or dynamic and change as the result of equipment status. 3.4 icon editor special software application (or “tool”) used for creating icon files 3.5 pixel pel sm
35、allest addressable graphical element of a screen or display NOTE Screen or display resolutions are typically referenced by the number of pixels measured horizontally and vertically, e.g. 1 024 by 768 pixels. 4 Area of application 4.1 Screens and displays Graphical symbols used as icons can be presen
36、ted upon a screen or display using a full or limited colour palette, or in monochrome. Icons are presented in varying sizes depending upon the specific implementation by the computer software and the attributes of the display technology, for example, the physical dimensions of the screen or display
37、and the number of pixels available. There may be a need to modify the symbol original in order to ensure visual clarity provided that the original graphical impression is retained. 4.2 Supporting documentation Graphical symbols used as icons reproduced in supporting documentation should convey the s
38、ame visual impression as those used on the screen or display. 4.3 International Standards If International Standards prepared by technical committees contain icons adapted from graphical symbols with ISO 7000 or IEC 60417 registration numbers, each icon should be illustrated together with a referenc
39、e to the registration number of the original graphical symbol. 5 Principles of implementation 5.1 General usage Icons are used widely in contemporary software systems that use graphical user interfaces. They can be static and used solely for visual identification/reinforcement of a textual descripti
40、on, or invoke a function or open an object when selected with a pointer. Icons can also be animated or dynamic and show the current status of the represented object. In contemporary operating systems (or “platforms”), icons have varying attributes and utilize different file types. The specific detai
41、ls of these attributes and file types are not addressed in this part of ISO 80416. BS ISO/IEC 80416-4:200535.2 Types of icons The following types of icons are addressed in the different parts of ISO/IEC 11581: object icons (ISO/IEC 11581-2); pointer icons (ISO/IEC 11581-3); tool icons (ISO/IEC 11581
42、-5); action icons (ISO/IEC 11581-6). NOTE 1 Action icons are also referred to as “tool bar“ icons. NOTE 2 Some graphical representations might be used in more than one icon type to provide similar functionality. For example, a printer icon could be used to describe the printer object, to start the p
43、rint action, and to show the printer status or the ink level. 5.3 Relationship between graphical symbols and icons 5.3.1 Consistency When the same graphical symbol is used both on equipment, in printed or engraved form, and presented on a screen or display as an icon, it is essential that the meanin
44、g of the graphical symbol is consistent across all areas of application. Internationally standardized graphical symbols should not be used with meanings other than those specified. 5.3.2 Adaptation of existing graphical symbols It is essential that new icons are adapted from existing internationally
45、 standardized graphical symbols, where a suitable graphical symbol exists with the same meaning. NOTE Examples of existing graphical symbols adapted as icons are given in Annex A. 5.4 Colour 5.4.1 Technical considerations Default colour palettes vary depending upon the operating system. When creatin
46、g or adapting an icon, it is essential that the default colour palette of the operating system or environment in which the icon will be used is taken into account, so as to avoid unintended results. For screens or displays using cathode ray tubes (CRT) and liquid crystal display (LCD) panels, 8 bit
47、(i.e. 256 colours) icons are commonly used. However, some devices, for example photocopiers and domestic appliances, can require 2 bit (monochrome) or 4 bit (16 colours) icons. Within a 4 bit colour palette, additional colours can be created by mixing different colours spatially, i.e. by “checker-bo
48、arding” colours of similar tonal values. Only colours of similar tonal values should be spatially mixed (“dithered”). Mixing colours of contrasting tonal values will create visible “chequer” patterns. For web applications, a colour palette that can be displayed reliably using different browsers shou
49、ld be used. BS ISO/IEC 80416-4:20054 5.4.2 Use of colour It is important to consider all the icons to be used in order to create a harmonious visual impression. Unless there is a specific reason, the same chromatic impression and balance between icons should be maintained. Because saturated colours are very dominating, they should be used sparingly and for a specific purpose, for example, for warning or change of status. Where an icon is derived from a standardized warning sign, colour fidel
