1、PUBLICLY AVAILABLE SPECIFICATION PAS 197:2009Code of practice for culturalcollections managementNO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWLicensed Copy: Wang Bin, ISO/EXCHANGE CHINA STANDARDS, 31/05/2009 07:16, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSIPAS 197:2009 BSI 2009Date Text affe
2、ctedPublishing and copyright informationThe BSI copyright notice displayed in this document indicates when the documentwas last issued. BSI 2009ISBN 978 0 580 61352 4ICS 03.100.01Publication historyFirst published January 2009Amendments issued since publicationLicensed Copy: Wang Bin, ISO/EXCHANGE C
3、HINA STANDARDS, 31/05/2009 07:16, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BSI 2009 iPAS 197:2009ContentsForeword iiiIntroduction 11 Scope 12 Terms and definitions 23 Collections management framework 74 Collections development 155 Collections information 186 Collections access 207 Collections care and conservatio
4、n 22AnnexesAnnex A (informative) Collections management processes 24Annex B (informative) Collections management references 25Bibliography 33List of figuresFigure 1 Item processing by domain 6Figure 2 Areas covered by collections management framework 7Figure 3 Collections management framework cycle
5、of improvement 8List of tablesTable A.1 Collections management processes 24Table B.1 Legislation relating to collections management 25Table B.2 General collections management references 27Table B.3 Collections development references 28Table B.4 Collections information references 29Table B.5 Collecti
6、ons access references 30Table B.6 Collections care and conservation references 31Summary of pagesThis document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i to iv, pages 1 to 33 and a back cover.Licensed Copy: Wang Bin, ISO/EXCHANGE CHINA STANDARDS, 31/05/2009 07:16, Uncontrolled Copy, (c)
7、 BSIPAS 197:2009ii BSI 2009Archives, libraries and museums in the UK hold some of the worlds richest collections of cultural material. They are treasure houses that contain items spanning the history of human enterprise and achievement. We hold these collections in trust on behalf of society, to man
8、age them professionally and to maximize the opportunities for people of all ages and cultures to engage with them, actively and creatively.This code of practice for collections management has been produced by archive, library and museum professionals, working in partnership with the British Standard
9、s Institution. It draws on the past decade of professional knowledge and its aim is to provide senior managers with the tools they need to embed collections at the heart of strategic development.I commend the BSI code of practice for collections management to senior staff, funders and policymakers t
10、hroughout the UK and internationally.Rt Hon Andy Burnham MPSecretary of State for Culture, Media Collections Trust; Freda Matassa (co-opted); Institute of Conservation; The Library and Museum of Freemasonry; Museums Association; Museums Galleries Scotland; Museums, Libraries and Archives Council; Na
11、tural History Museum; Society of Archivists; The Courtauld Institute of Art Book Library; The National Archives; The Womens Library, London Metropolitan University; University College London Centre for Sustainable Heritage; University of London Research Library Services; Victoria and Albert Museum A
12、rchives. Acknowledgement is also given to the members of a wider Review Panel who were consulted in the development of this PAS.BSI retains ownership and copyright of this PAS. BSI reserves the right to withdraw or amend this PAS on receipt of authoritative advice that it is appropriate to do so. Th
13、is PAS will be reviewed at intervals not exceeding two years, and any amendments arising from the review will be published as an amended PAS and publicized in Update Standards.This PAS is not to be regarded as a British Standard. It will be withdrawn upon publication of its content in, or as, a Brit
14、ish Standard.The PAS process enables a standard to be rapidly developed in order to fulfil an immediate need in industry. A PAS may be considered for further development as a British Standard, or constitute part of the UK input into the development of a European or International Standard.Relationshi
15、p with other publicationsThis PAS draws on elements of existing management systems for quality (BS EN ISO 9001), the environment (BS EN ISO 14001) and health and safety (BS OHSAS 18001). It also draws on the contents of PAS 99, which details the commonalities between different management systems.Lic
16、ensed Copy: Wang Bin, ISO/EXCHANGE CHINA STANDARDS, 31/05/2009 07:16, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSIPAS 197:2009iv BSI 2009Attention is drawn to the activities of the European Committee for Standardization (CEN), which through Technical Committee CEN/TC 346, Conservation of cultural property, is prepari
17、ng a terminology, test methods and environmental control specifications relating to the conservation of cultural property.The activities of CEN/TC 346 are mirrored in the United Kingdom by BSI Technical Committee B/560, Conservation of tangible cultural heritage. B/560 was consulted in the developme
18、nt of this PAS.Use of this documentAs a code of practice, this PAS takes the form of guidance and recommendations. It should not be quoted as if it were a specification and particular care should be taken to ensure that claims of compliance are not misleading.Any user claiming compliance with this P
19、AS is expected to be able to justify any course of action that deviates from its recommendations.Presentational conventionsThe provisions in this standard are presented in roman (i.e. upright) type. Its recommendations are expressed in sentences in which the principal auxiliary verb is “should”.Comm
20、entary, explanation and general informative material is presented in smaller italic type, and does not constitute a normative element.Spelling conforms to The Shorter Oxford English Dictionary. If a word has more than one spelling, the first spelling is used.Contractual and legal considerationsThis
21、publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application.Compliance with a Publicly Available Specification cannot confer immunity from legal obligations.Licensed Copy: Wang Bin, ISO/EXCHANGE CHINA STANDARDS, 31/05/2009 07:
22、16, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BSI 2009 1PAS 197:2009IntroductionCollections management is one of the main functions of an archive, library or museum. Successful collections management is about balance, the balance between access and preservation, between the needs of collections and the people who
23、use them and between short, medium and long term priorities.PAS 197 enables top-level management to take a strategic and integrated approach to collections management. It provides a blueprint for creating sustainable strategies that balance collections development, collections information, access to
24、 collections and collections care and conservation. At the same time, it takes account of the legal and statutory environment within which collections are managed.PAS 197 will also be of interest to sponsoring and funding bodies, auditors and others who need to understand the diversity of activities
25、 involved in managing a collection. It aims to be constructive and proportionate, rather than prescriptive, and is not intended as a benchmark for assessment.This document is not written as a practical “how to” guide. Rather, it describes the framework of fundamental principles needed to manage cult
26、ural collections. The PAS is consistent with the existing standards, codes of ethics and guidelines to which collecting organizations and practitioners subscribe. The terminology used seeks to avoid the use of terms that have a different use or meaning for one or more of the archive, library and mus
27、eum domains.1 ScopeThis Publicly Available Specification (PAS) gives recommendations for the management of cultural collections by collecting organizations such as archives, libraries, museums and other public and private collecting organizations that hold cultural collections.It covers the provisio
28、n, implementation and maintenance of a collections management framework, including policies, processes and procedures for:collections development;a) collections information;b) collections access; and;c) collections care and conservation.d) It is applicable to all types and sizes of cultural collecti
29、ons.Licensed Copy: Wang Bin, ISO/EXCHANGE CHINA STANDARDS, 31/05/2009 07:16, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSIPAS 197:20092 BSI 20092 Terms and definitionsFor the purposes of this PAS, the following terms and definitions apply.NOTE The terminology used in the processing of items across the archive, library
30、 and museum domains is given in Figure 1.2.1 accessionprocess of recording the admission of an item or group of items into a collectionNOTE In the library and museum domain, accession would only follow the acquisition of legal title.2.2 acquisitionprocess of obtaining responsibility for an itemNOTE
31、This applies to obtaining items through the transfer of legal title or through a loan into the organization. An organization can select which of these acquired items will undergo accession into its collection.process of obtaining legal title2.3 appraisalprocess of deciding whether an item or group o
32、f items has continuing value in accordance with the collecting organizations mission statementNOTE For example, an item can have value as evidence or as an historical resource, which would justify its retention.2.4 business continuitystrategic and tactical capability of the organization to plan for
33、and respond to incidents and business disruptions in order to continue business operations at an acceptable pre-defined levelBS 25999-1:2006, 2.22.4 cataloguestructured list of information about or relating to items within a collectionNOTE 1 In the archive domain, this typically contains descriptive
34、 information at various levels from collection to item, including details of the creator of the records.NOTE 2 In the library domain, this normally contains bibliographic descriptions for individual titles and editions in the librarys collections.NOTE 3 In the museum domain, a catalogue documents th
35、e continuing assessment of, and research into, an item, as well as providing access to wider collections management documentation.2.6 collecting organizationorganization that collects, cares for and provides access to cultural items for education, learning, entertainment, legal or evidential purpose
36、sNOTE For example, archives, businesses, heritage organizations, libraries, museums and private collections.2.7 collecting organizations mission statementstrategic statement setting out a collecting organizations purpose in relation to its collection2.8 collectiontotal body of items, or part thereof
37、, held by a collecting organizationLicensed Copy: Wang Bin, ISO/EXCHANGE CHINA STANDARDS, 31/05/2009 07:16, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BSI 2009 3PAS 197:20092.9 collections accessright, opportunity or means of finding, using or approaching items and/or information about itemsderived from Manual of A
38、rchival Description 12.10 collections carerange of activities intended to safeguard a collectionNOTE These activities can include organizational policies, security, storage, cleaning, maintenance, handling, scientific investigation, environmental monitoring and control, exhibitions and loans, conser
39、vation, provision of surrogates and emergency planning.2.11 collections developmentcollecting new items, researching and reviewing the existing collection and removing items in accordance with the collecting organizations policies and priorities2.12 collections impact statementstatement of the impac
40、t that the admission of an item or group of items might have on a collection and the collecting organization2.13 collections informationinformation an organization collects, creates, holds and maintains about its collection and/or collected itemsNOTE Collections information can include a broad range
41、 of knowledge, such as interpretations, stories, research and recorded conversation.2.14 collections managementstrategies, policies, processes and procedures relating to a collections development, information, access and care2.15 collections management frameworkset of components that provide the fou
42、ndations and organizational arrangements for designing, implementing, monitoring, reviewing and improving collections management processes throughout the organizationNOTE 1 The foundations include the mission statement, policy, objectives and commitment to manage the collection.NOTE 2 The organizati
43、onal arrangements include plans, programmes, relationships, accountabilities, resources, processes and activities.NOTE 3 The collections management framework is embedded within the organizations overall strategic and operational policies and practices.NOTE 4 The use of the phrase “management framewo
44、rk” instead of “management system” was preferred in order to avoid confusion with the existing use of the term “collections management system” by the museum domain to describe the computer database management system used to store information about items.2.16 competent personsomeone who has the neces
45、sary and sufficient training, knowledge, experience, expertise, skills, and/or other qualities to complete their allotted task safely and effectively2.17 conservationinterventive techniques applied to an item to achieve chemical and physical stabilization for the purpose of extending the useful life
46、 of the item to ensure its continued availabilityNOTE Also known as interventive conservation and remedial conservation.Licensed Copy: Wang Bin, ISO/EXCHANGE CHINA STANDARDS, 31/05/2009 07:16, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSIPAS 197:20094 BSI 20092.18 continuing professional development (CPD)systematic ma
47、intenance and improvement of knowledge, skills and competence, and the enhancement of learning undertaken by an individual throughout his or her working lifeInstitute of Continuing Professional Development 22.19 cultural collectioncollection containing evidence of human activity and the natural envi
48、ronment accompanied by associated information2.20 emergency planningdevelopment and maintenance of agreed procedures to prevent, reduce, control, mitigate and take other actions in the event of an emergencyderived from BS 25999-1:2006, 2.142.21 inherent instabilitysusceptibility of an item to change
49、 caused by the physical or chemical properties of the material from which it is composed2.22 itemsingle article or unit in a collectionNOTE For example, an artifact, book, digital and physical document (including a record), journal, specimen or work of art.2.23 legal titlerights of ownership that are defined or recognized by law or that could be successfully defended in a court of law2.24 organizationcompany, corporation, firm, enterprise, authority or institution, or part or combination thereof, whether incor
