1、 g49g50g3g38g50g51g60g44g49g42g3g58g44g55g43g50g56g55g3g37g54g44g3g51g40g53g48g44g54g54g44g50g49g3g40g59g38g40g51g55g3g36g54g3g51g40g53g48g44g55g55g40g39g3g37g60g3g38g50g51g60g53g44g42g43g55g3g47g36g58Part 4: Guidance on procedures for sample packaging, storage, preservation, transport and deliveryI
2、CS 13.030.10; 13.030.20Characterization of waste Sampling of waste materials PUBLISHED DOCUMENTPD CEN/TR 15310-4:2006PD CEN/TR 15310-4:2006This Published Document was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 29 December 2006 BSI 2006ISBN 0 580 49836 0Amendments
3、 issued since publicationAmd. No. Date CommentsThis publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application.National forewordThis Published Document was published by BSI. It is the UK implementation of CEN/TR 15310-4:2006.
4、 The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted by Technical Committee B/508, Waste management, to Subcommittee B/508/3, Characterization of waste.A list of organizations represented on B/508/3 can be obtained on request to its secretary.TECHNICAL REPORTRAPPORT TECHNIQUETECHNISCHER BERICHTCEN
5、/TR 15310-4November 2006ICS 13.030.10; 13.030.20English VersionCharacterization of waste - Sampling of waste materials - Part 4:Guidance on procedures for sample packaging, storage,preservation, transport and deliveryCaractrisation des dchets - Prlvement des dchets -Partie 4: Guide relatif aux procd
6、ures demballage, destockage, de conservation, de transport et de livraison deschantillonsCharakterisierung von Abfall - Probenahme - Teil 4:Verpackung, Lagerung, Konservierung, Transport undLieferung von ProbenThis Technical Report was approved by CEN on 21 February 2006. It has been drawn up by the
7、 Technical Committee CEN/TC 292.CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France,Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania,Slovaki
8、a, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATIONCOMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATIONEUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNGManagement Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels 2006 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reservedworldwide for C
9、EN national Members.Ref. No. CEN/TR 15310-4:2006: E2 Contents Foreword3 Introduction .4 1 Scope 6 2 Normative references 6 3 Terms and definitions .6 4 Packing and labelling the sample 7 4.1 Selecting a sample container .7 4.2 Packaging specific types of waste.9 4.3 Labelling .10 5 Preserving the sa
10、mple 11 5.1 General11 5.2 General instructions for sample preservation12 5.3 Preserving specific types of samples .13 5.4 Preservation methods .14 6 Chain of custody forms and sample dispatch16 7 Incorporation in the Sampling Plan .16 Annex A (informative) Packaging 17 Bibliography 19 CEN/TR 15310-4
11、:20063 Foreword This Technical Report (CEN/TR 15310-4:2006) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 292 “Characterization of waste”, the secretariat of which is held by NEN. This Technical Report has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free
12、Trade Association. This Technical Report is one of a series of five, dealing with sampling techniques and procedures, which provide essential information for the application of the EN-standard: EN 14899 Characterisation of Waste - Sampling of waste materials - Framework for the preparation and appli
13、cation of a Sampling Plan The principal component of the EN standard is the mandatory requirement to prepare a Sampling Plan. This EN 14899 standard can be used to: produce standardised sampling plans for use in regular or routine circumstances (i.e. the elaboration of daughter/derived standards ded
14、icated to well defined sampling scenarios); incorporate specific sampling requirements into national legislation; design and develop a Sampling Plan on a case by case basis. The Technical Reports display a range of potential approaches and tools to enable the project manager to tailor his sampling p
15、lan to a specific testing scenario (i.e. a shop shelf approach to sampling plan development for waste testing). This approach allows flexibility in the selection of the sampling approach, sampling point, method of sampling and equipment used. This Technical Report describes the boundary conditions a
16、nd procedures, appropriate for application in the field, for the packaging, preservation, short-term storage and transport of samples to assist in maintaining their integrity prior to delivery at the laboratory. The laboratory facility should be consulted in the selection of the most appropriate pro
17、cedure to ensure compatibility with the chosen analytical methodology and parameters to be tested as defined in EN 14899 - Framework standard. This report does not attempt to provide a definitive procedure for each and every situation that may arise from sampling a given waste type or specific analy
18、tical requirement, rather it aims to expose the factors that influence the selection of these practical field activities to ensure the most appropriate procedure is selected for any given sampling scenario. The most appropriate approach, tools, and methodology, in the absence of an existing recognis
19、ed Sampling Plan should be chosen on a scenario-specific basis. However, this does not present a barrier to technical innovation, and there is no reason why methodologies other than those detailed in this Technical Report cannot be substituted. CEN/TR 15310-4:20064 Introduction Wastes are materials,
20、 which the holder discards, or intends or is required to discard, and which may be sent for final disposal, reuse or recovery. Such materials are generally heterogeneous and it will be necessary therefore to specify in the testing programme the amount of material for which the characteristics of int
21、erest need to be defined. The testing of wastes allows informed decisions to be made on how they should be treated (or not), recovered or disposed. In order to undertake valid tests, some sampling of the waste is required. The principal component of the standard EN 14899 is the mandatory requirement
22、 to prepare a Sampling Plan, within the framework of an overall testing programme as illustrated in Figure 1 of EN 14899:2005. This standard can be used to: produce standardised sampling plans for use in regular or routine circumstances (i.e. the elaboration of daughter/derived standards dedicated t
23、o well defined sampling scenarios); incorporate specific sampling requirements into national legislation; design and develop a Sampling Plan on a case by case basis. The development of a Sampling Plan within this framework involves the progression through three steps or activities. 1) Define the Sam
24、pling Plan; 2) Take a field sample in accordance with the Sampling Plan; 3) Transport the laboratory sample to the laboratory. This Technical Report provides information to support Key Steps 2 and 3 of the Sampling Plan process map and elaborates on methods and boundary conditions for preserving, pa
25、ckaging and storing samples to preserve their integrity, in addition to the transportation and delivery of a sample to the designated analytical facility. Sample integrity may be compromised if insufficient attention is paid to correct packaging, preservation, and storing and transport techniques. T
26、his may result in a sample, which is not representative of the sample population. The selection of the most appropriate procedure should be in collaboration with the laboratory facility designated to undertake testing to ensure compatibility with the chosen analytical methodology and parameters to b
27、e tested. Specifically this Technical Report supports 4.2.8.3 of the Framework Standard. This Technical Report should be read in conjunction with the Framework Standard for the preparation and application of a Sampling Plan as well as the other Technical Reports that contain essential information to
28、 support the Framework Standard. The full series comprises: EN 14899 Characterization of waste - Sampling of waste materials - Framework for the preparation and application of a Sampling Plan; CEN/TR 15310-1, Characterization of waste Sampling of waste materials Part 1: Guidance on selection and app
29、lication of criteria for sampling under various conditions; CEN/TR 15310-2, Characterization of waste Sampling of waste materials Part 2: Guidance on sampling techniques; CEN/TR 15310-4:20065 CEN/TR 15310-3, Characterization of waste Sampling of waste materials Part 3: Guidance on procedures for sub
30、-sampling in the field; CEN/TR 15310-4, Characterization of waste Sampling of waste materials Part 4: Guidance on procedures for sample packaging, storage, preservation, transport and delivery; CEN/TR 15310-5, Characterization of waste Sampling of waste materials Part 5: Guidance on the process of d
31、efining the Sampling Plan. The Technical Reports contain procedural options (as detailed in Figure 2 of EN 14899:2005) that can be selected to match the sampling requirements of any testing programme. CEN/TR 15310-4:20066 1 Scope This Technical Report describes procedures for the packaging, preserva
32、tion, short-term storage and transport of both solid and liquid waste samples, including paste-like substances and sludges. Where available and appropriate for field application, requirements for specific storage conditions and/or preservation methods should be selected from the chosen analytical st
33、andard and collaboration with the testing laboratory. NOTE 1 This Technical Report provides a shop shelf of example sampling techniques that can be selected to meet a wide range of sampling situations. For a specific situation one of the presented procedures may be appropriate. NOTE 2 The procedures
34、 listed in this Technical Report reflect current best practice, but these are not exhaustive and other procedures may be equally relevant. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited ap
35、plies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 13965-1:2004, Characterization of waste - Terminology - Part 1: Material related terms and definitions EN 13965-2:2004, Characterization of waste - Terminology - Part 2: Management rel
36、ated terms and definitions 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this Technical Report, the terms and definitions given in EN 13965-1:2004 and EN 13965-2:2004 and the following apply 3.1 analytical laboratory identified laboratory, which is to undertake the chemical, biological or physical ana
37、lysis of samples 3.2 constituent property or attribute of a material that is measured, compared or noted 3.3 delivery transfer of custody of the sample 3.4 field sample quantity (mass or volume) of material obtained through sampling without any sub-sampling 3.5 laboratory sample sample(s) or sub-sam
38、ple(s) sent to or received by the laboratory. IUPAC, definition 2.5.5 NOTE 1 When the laboratory sample is further prepared (reduced) by subdividing, mixing, grinding, or by combinations of these operations, the result is the test sample. When no preparation of the laboratory sample is required, the
39、 laboratory sample is the test sample. CEN/TR 15310-4:20067 NOTE 2 The laboratory sample is the final sample from the point of view of sample collection but it is the initial sample from the point of view of the laboratory. 3.6 packaging act of placing a sample into an appropriate sample container f
40、or transport and/or storage ISO 11074:2005 3.7 preservation any procedure used to stabilise a sample in such a way that the properties under examination are maintained stable from the collection step until preparation for analysis ISO 11074:2005 3.8 sample portion of material selected from a larger
41、quantity of material ISO 11074:2005 NOTE 1 The manner of selection of the sample should be described in a sampling plan. NOTE 2 The use of the term sample should be supported with a preface as far as possible as it does not indicate to which step of the total sampling procedure it is related when us
42、ed alone e.g. field sample, laboratory sample. 3.9 storage process and the result of keeping a sample available under predefined conditions for a usually specified time interval between collection and further treatment of the sample ISO 11074:2005 3.10 transport act of transferring a sample from the
43、 locality of sampling to the place of subsequent treatment (e.g. laboratory, soil-specimen bank etc.) ISO 11074:2005 4 Packing and labelling the sample 4.1 Selecting a sample container 4.1.1 General Sample containers can be made from many different types of materials, some of which may react or cont
44、aminate a specific type of sample. To avoid any accidental contamination by the sample container or derogation of the sample the project manager should seek scientific advice, usually from the receiving laboratory, regarding the type and size of sample(s) and container(s), appropriate preservation m
45、ethod(s) if applicable, maximum storage time prior to analysis, and the labelling system. The maximum storage time prior to analysis will indicate the period of time available before the sample has to arrive at the laboratory. In general, this period has to be as short as possible. Once the details
46、have been agreed, the Sampler should follow the methods detailed in the sampling plan. The purpose of the sample container is to protect the sample during transport and storage until it is further treated or analysed. A container should be compatible with the nature of the material sampled and the c
47、omponents to be analysed. In general: collect samples for inorganic analysis in plastic containers; CEN/TR 15310-4:20068 NOTE It is common practice to include low-density polyethylene bottles or tubs. Strong polyethylene plastic bags are useful for bulky solid samples. Samples should be collected fo
48、r organic analysis in glass containers. select a sample container having a size relative to the volume of the required sample; select a sample container capable of being sealed. Tamperproof seals are commonly used when performing regulatory sampling. Where specialised containers and preservatives ar
49、e advised the analytical laboratories should be encouraged to provide containers that conform to the characteristics of the analytical procedure to be used. Table A.1 details types of containers, preservation and storage conditions for different types of parameters associated with a particular analysis or test. 4.1.2 Type of container The following points should be considered when selecting and preparing sample containers: adsorption into the walls of the container; contamination
