1、 g49g50g3g38g50g51g60g44g49g42g3g58g44g55g43g50g56g55g3g37g54g44g3g51g40g53g48g44g54g54g44g50g49g3g40g59g38g40g51g55g3g36g54g3g51g40g53g48g44g55g55g40g39g3g37g60g3g38g50g51g60g53g44g42g43g55g3g47g36g58Part 5: Guidance on the process of defining the sampling planICS 13.030.10; 13.030.20Characterizati
2、on of waste Sampling of waste materials PUBLISHED DOCUMENTPD CEN/TR 15310-5:2006PD CEN/TR 15310-5:2006This Published Document was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 29 December 2006 BSI 2006ISBN 0 580 49837 9Amendments issued since publicationAmd. No. Dat
3、e CommentsThis publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application.National forewordThis Published Document was published by BSI. It is the UK implementation of CEN/TR 15310-5:2006.The UK participation in its preparati
4、on was entrusted by Technical Committee B/508, Waste management, to Subcommittee B/508/3, Characterization of waste.A list of organizations represented on B/508/3 can be obtained on request to its secretary.TECHNICAL REPORTRAPPORT TECHNIQUETECHNISCHER BERICHTCEN/TR 15310-5November 2006ICS 13.030.10;
5、 13.030.20English VersionCharacterization of waste - Sampling of waste materials - Part 5:Guidance on the process of defining the sampling planCaractrisation des dchets - Prlvement des dchets -Partie 5 : Guide relatif au processus dlaboration dun plandchantillonnageCharakterisierung von Abfall - Pro
6、benahme - Teil 5:Verfahren zur Aufstellung eines ProbenahmeplansThis Technical Report was approved by CEN on 21 February 2006. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee CEN/TC 292.CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finla
7、nd, France,Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania,Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATIONCOMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATIONEUROPISCHES KOMITEE
8、 FR NORMUNGManagement Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels 2006 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reservedworldwide for CEN national Members.Ref. No. CEN/TR 15310-5:2006: E2 Contents Foreword3 Introduction .4 1 Scope 7 2 Normative references 7 3 Terms and definitions
9、 .7 4 The process of defining the Sampling Plan10 4.1 General description of the process .10 4.2 Identification of involved parties12 4.3 Establishing the objective of the testing programme14 4.4 Strategic choices in deriving the technical goals from the objective15 4.5 Checklist for the project man
10、ager29 4.6 Further steps to be taken by the project manager.30 Annex A Examples of sampling plans for specific situations .31 A.1 Characterization of predominant aluminium content objects from the sorting of household and related waste .31 A.2 Basic characterisation and compliance testing of waste f
11、rom a continuous production process .33 A.3 Contaminated soil to be possibly land filled and to be tested as granular waste for basic characterisation .37 A.4 Zinc concentrate to be tested as granular waste for basic characterisation and compliance testing 40 Bibliography 42 CEN/TR 15310-5:20063 For
12、eword This Technical Report (CEN/TR 15310-5:2006) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 292 “Characterization of waste”, the secretariat of which is held by NEN. This Technical Report has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Asso
13、ciation. This Technical Report is one of a series of five Technical Reports dealing with sampling techniques and procedures, and provides essential information and instructions for the application of the EN-standard: EN 14899 Characterisation of waste - Sampling of waste materials - Framework for th
14、e preparation and application of a Sampling Plan. The principal component of the EN Standard is the mandatory requirement to prepare a Sampling Plan. This EN 14899 standard can be used to: produce standardised sampling plans for use in regular or routine circumstances (i.e. the elaboration of daught
15、er/derived standards dedicated to well defined sampling scenarios); incorporate specific sampling requirements into national legislation; design and develop a Sampling Plan on a case by case basis. The Technical Reports display a range of potential approaches and tools to enable the project manager
16、to tailor his sampling plan to a specific testing scenario (i.e. a shop shelf approach to sampling plan development for waste testing). This approach allows flexibility in the selection of the sampling approach, sampling point, method of sampling and equipment used. In practice, confusion can arise
17、when translating the objective of the testing programme, which is often couched at a relative abstract level (e.g. the waste needs to be assessed to fulfil the demands of waste regulation) into an unambiguous technical instruction in the Sampling Plan, that will provide data to meet that objective (
18、e.g. the mean concentration of each truck load should comply with a specified concentration level). This Technical Report attempts to clarify the grey area between the definition of an overall testing objectives and the definition of the practical Sampling Plan. It specifically provides guidance on
19、the policy aspects that may be relevant for defining the objective of the testing programme, and how this will define the technical methods that can be used to prepare the Sampling Plan. CEN/TR 15310-5:20064 Introduction Wastes are materials, which the holder discards, or intends or is required to d
20、iscard, and which may be sent for final disposal, reuse or recovery. Such materials are generally heterogeneous and it will be necessary therefore to specify in the testing programme the amount of material for which the characteristics of interest need to be defined. The testing of wastes allows inf
21、ormed decisions to be made on how they should be treated (or not), recovered or disposed. In order to undertake valid tests, some sampling of the waste is required. The principal component of the standard EN 14899 is the mandatory requirement to prepare a Sampling Plan, within the framework of an ov
22、erall testing programme as illustrated in Figure 1 of EN 14899:2005. This standard can be used to: produce standardised sampling plans for use in regular or routine circumstances (i.e. the elaboration of daughter/derived standards dedicated to well defined sampling scenarios); incorporate specific s
23、ampling requirements into national legislation; design and develop a Sampling Plan on a case by case basis. The development of a Sampling Plan within this framework involves the progression through three steps or activities. 1) Define the Sampling Plan; 2) Take a field sample in accordance with the
24、Sampling Plan; 3) Transport the laboratory sample to the laboratory. This Technical Report provides information to support Key Step 1 of the Sampling Plan process map and describes the selection of sampling approach that can be used in the recovery of a sample for a wide variety of waste types and a
25、risings. Specifically CEN/TR 15310-1 provides information to support 4.2.7 (select sampling approach) of the Framework Standard. Due consideration and selection of statistical criteria is of key importance in the production of a Sampling Plan as it provides the sole means of ensuring that, wherever
26、possible, the type and number of samples taken will address a clearly identified objective and will provide results that achieve a tolerable level of reliability. In the process of defining the Sampling Plan (step 1 in Figure 1 of EN 14899:2005), the objective of the testing programme is translated
27、into specific and concrete technical instructions for the sampler. Using these instructions the sampler will take the type and number of samples that are adequate to meet the objective of the testing programme, ultimately providing the decision maker with the required information on the waste materi
28、al under investigation. The process of defining the Sampling Plan, which takes into consideration both policy and technical requirements to produce technical instructions to the sampler, is therefore a fundamental step in sampling of a waste material. In practice, problems arise when translating the
29、 objective of the testing programme, which is couched at a relative abstract level (e.g. the waste needs to be assessed to fulfil the demands of waste regulation) into a technical instruction that corresponds with that same objective (e.g. the mean concentration of each truck load should comply with
30、 a specified concentration level). There is a gap between the definition of the need to evaluate the waste material and the technical methods that should be applied in order to make an adequate evaluation possible. CEN/TR 15310-5:20065 This Technical Report aims to bridge the gap between the chosen
31、objective of the testing programme in policy terms, and that same objective defined in technical terms for sampling. It provides information and guidance on the process of defining a Sampling Plan. It deals specifically with the policy aspects relevant for defining the objective of the testing progr
32、amme, and provides guidance for the definition of the Sampling Plan. In addition to the main body of the Technical Report, an annex provides worked examples of Sampling Plans for a number of frequently occurring waste materials and situations in which these waste materials arise. Thereby the example
33、s provide background to the main body of this Technical Report. These examples clarify the process of defining the Sampling Plan. A number of assumptions have been made to produce each individual example, and therefore although the examples represent actual daily practice they are case specific and
34、are not necessarily directly applicable to other similar generic situations. This Technical Report is written for two distinctive groups of users: policy makers involved in sampling. For example, people working for the central, regional or local authority, government or administration, the managemen
35、t of a company involved in the production or disposal of waste, etc. Essentially, these people are, directly or indirectly, involved in making policy decisions that are based on the technical information gathered through sampling. Their interest lies in the requirement for testing a waste material t
36、o gain (general) knowledge about the waste material or to comply to national, regional or local legislation. They have in general no technical knowledge of sampling, but are responsible for making the right choices. They therefore need help to understand the definition of the testing programme in te
37、chnical terms, in order to be able to judge if the suggested testing programme is adequate for the purpose. sampling specialists (specifically the project manager). These are the people who have to translate the objective of the testing programme, as defined by the policy maker, into a technically u
38、nambiguous Sampling Plan that will instruct the sampler on what to do in the field. The project manager is therefore confronted with the problem that not only technical information is necessary for the definition of the Sampling Plan, but also policy information. Incorporated within the text of this
39、 Technical Report is an example. Each individual step of the process of defining the Sampling Plan made in this Technical Report is illustrated by the same step in this example. The example is meant to clarify the text of the individual paragraphs in more practical terms. Example of a waste to be te
40、sted Due to the incineration of residuals from paper production, filter dust is collected. The dust is trapped in an air filter unit and put into stockpiles before transport to the landfill. In order to allow land filling, the concentrations of a number of key constituents should comply with the acc
41、eptance criteria of that landfill. Therefore the waste must be sampled. This Technical Report should be read in conjunction with the Framework Standard for the preparation and application of a Sampling Plan as well as the other Technical Reports that contain essential information to support the Fram
42、ework Standard. The full series comprises: EN 14899 Characterization of waste - Sampling of waste materials - Framework for the preparation and application of a Sampling Plan; CEN/TR 15310-1, Characterization of waste Sampling of waste materials Part 1: Guidance on selection and application of crite
43、ria for sampling under various conditions; CEN/TR 15310-2, Characterization of waste Sampling of waste materials Part 2: Guidance on sampling techniques; CEN/TR 15310-3, Characterization of waste Sampling of waste materials Part 3: Guidance on procedures for sub-sampling in the field; CEN/TR 15310-5
44、:20066 CEN/TR 15310-4, Characterization of waste Sampling of waste materials Part 4: Guidance on procedures for sample packaging, storage, preservation, transport and delivery; CEN/TR 15310-5, Characterization of waste Sampling of waste materials Part 5: Guidance on the process of defining the Sampl
45、ing Plan. The Technical Reports contain procedural options (as detailed in Figure 2 of EN 14899:2005) that can be selected to match the sampling requirements of any testing programme. CEN/TR 15310-5:20067 1 Scope This Technical Report provides guidance on process of defining of a Sampling Plan based
46、 on the objective of the testing programme. It specifically deals with the strategic decisions that are needed, based on the sampling objective. NOTE 1 Given the great variety of waste types, sampling situations and objectives, this Technical Report cannot provide definitive instructions that cover
47、all scenarios. Instead, it discusses the basic statistical approach to be followed, and provides statistical tools that can be applied to determine the amount and type of sampling (e.g. number of samples and sample size) in any given situation to achieve results of adequate reliability (i.e. precisi
48、on and confidence). NOTE 2 The document provides considerable detail on current best practice, but is not exhaustive. NOTE 3 To clarify the text, the document provides a number of worked examples. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this
49、 document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 13965-1:2004, Characterization of waste - Terminology - Part 1: Material related terms and definitions EN 13965-2:2004, Characterization of waste - Terminology - Part 2: Management related terms and definitions 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this Technical Report, the following term
