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2、nd petroleum products Part 1: SamplingICS 13.020.40; 75.080Oil spill identification Waterborne petroleum PUBLISHED DOCUMENTPD CEN/TR 15522-1:2006PD CEN/TR 15522-1:2006Licensed Copy: Wang Bin, ISO/EXCHANGE CHINA STANDARDS, 15/05/2008 07:23, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSIThis Published Document was publis
3、hed under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 March 2008 BSI 2008ISBN 978 0 580 57515 0Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate CommentsNational forewordThis Published Document is the UK implementation of CEN/TR 15522-1:2006.The UK participation in its prepar
4、ation was entrusted to Technical Committee PTI/12, Petroleum measurement and sampling.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for i
5、ts correct application.TECHNICAL REPORT RAPPORT TECHNIQUE TECHNISCHER BERICHT CEN/TR 15522-1 November 2006 ICS 13.020.40 English Version Oil spill identification - Waterborne petroleum and petroleum products - Part 1: Sampling Identification des pollutions ptrolires - Ptrole et produits ptroliers da
6、ns leau - Partie 1 : Echantillonnage Identifizierung von lverschmutzungen - Rohl und Minerallerzeugnisse aus dem Wasser - Teil 1: Probenahme This Technical Report was approved by CEN on 26 September 2006. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee CEN/BT/TF 120. CEN members are the national sta
7、ndards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. EU
8、ROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels 2006 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. CEN/TR 15522-1:2006: ELicen
9、sed Copy: Wang Bin, ISO/EXCHANGE CHINA STANDARDS, 15/05/2008 07:23, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI2 Contents Page Foreword. 3 1 Scope 5 2 Normative references . 5 3 Principle . 5 4 Precautions and avoidance of contamination of samples during collection . 6 4.1 General. 6 4.2 Potential sources of contami
10、nation 6 4.3 Controls . 6 5 Sampling equipment and sample containers and closures . 7 5.1 Introduction . 7 5.2 General. 7 5.3 Sample containers, closures and packages 7 5.4 Sampling devices 7 6 Sampling General 10 6.1 Introduction . 10 6.2 Types of sample 10 6.3 Sample volume 10 6.4 Number of sample
11、s to be taken. 10 6.5 Custody of samples 11 6.6 Sample information and documentation 11 6.7 Sealing of samples 12 7 Sampling procedures . 12 7.1 Sampling from water surfaces. 12 7.2 Sampling beaches, rocky shores, river banks and harbour structures 14 7.3 Sampling tar balls . 14 7.4 Samples from oil
12、ed animals 15 7.5 Samples from ships, barges or river-craft 15 7.6 Sampling from land tanks and pipelines16 7.7 Sampling from road and rail tank wagons . 16 8 Transport and storage of samples 17 Annex A (informative) Example of a sample record form 18 Annex B (informative) Example of a sample transp
13、ort and receipt form. 19 Annex C (informative) Typical piping system of an oil tanker 20 Annex D (informative) Typical machinery room oil handling systems and bilges 21 Annex E (informative) Recommended contents of sampling kits 22 Bibliography . 23 CEN/TR 15522-1:2006Licensed Copy: Wang Bin, ISO/EX
14、CHANGE CHINA STANDARDS, 15/05/2008 07:23, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI3Foreword This document (CEN/TR 15522-1:2006) has been prepared by CEN/BT/TF 120 “Oil spill identification”, the secretariat of which is held by SN. CEN/TR 15522-1:2006Licensed Copy: Wang Bin, ISO/EXCHANGE CHINA STANDARDS, 15/05/200
15、8 07:23, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI4 Introduction Where an oil pollution incident has occurred, samples should be collected from both the spill and, wherever possible, the potential source of the pollutant, e.g. ship, shore tank, pipeline or road vehicle, in order to assist in the identification or
16、confirmation of the source of the spill. The aim of this document is to give guidance on the best current practice for taking such samples. This document does not contain details relating to all types of spill situation, but should only be regarded as general guidelines. However, by following these
17、guidelines it should be possible to collect and provide legally valid samples that can be used in the process of identifying or confirming the source of the spill. The issues addressed only cover the mechanics of sample collection. The command and control that may be put in place during incident res
18、ponse, the authorities who may request sample collection and the individuals who have the authority to collect samples, will vary from country to country and as a consequence these issues are not addressed. CEN/TR 15522-1:2006Licensed Copy: Wang Bin, ISO/EXCHANGE CHINA STANDARDS, 15/05/2008 07:23, U
19、ncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI51 Scope This document provides guidance on taking and handling samples that are collected as part of an investigation into the likely source of a crude oil or petroleum product spill into a marine or aquatic environment. Guidance is given on taking samples from both the spi
20、ll and its potential source. If samples are to be used in connection with legal proceedings, this document should be read in conjunction with any documents issued by the regulatory authorities in the country and location where the spill has occurred. Taking samples may involve hazardous materials, o
21、perations and equipment. This document is not intended to address all the safety and health aspects associated with the guidance given. It is the responsibility of the user to consult and establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prio
22、r to use. For the sake of clarity the word oil is used throughout this document to mean either crude oil, a petroleum product or mixtures of such. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this European Standard. For dated references, only the
23、 edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN ISO 3170, Petroleum liquids - Manual Sampling (ISO 3170:2004) 3 Principle Samples form an important aspect of any investigation and care should be taken to ensure that
24、 they are as representative of both the spill and the potential source as possible. The samples shall be taken and placed in containers that will enable the samples to be transported safely and will retain the samples integrity over the period of time required to transport the samples to the laborat
25、ory for analysis and storage prior to analysis. They shall be clearly, unambiguously and uniquely labelled and sealed so that they cannot be opened without breaking the seal. When investigating a spill, samples are usually taken from: The water surface (sea, river or lake); shoreline or banks (sand,
26、 shingle, rocks and oiled animals and vegetation); marine or river vessels cargo tanks, fuel tanks, waste oil tanks, slop tanks, ballast tanks and bilges; land tanks and pipelines. All spills and all potential sources of spills should be sampled. It is important to take samples from both the spill a
27、nd the source even on such occasions where it seems quite clear from where the spill originates. Sampling procedures, which are connected to liability investigations, shall be performed with great care and accuracy and every action shall be taken to prevent a decrease in the samples value as evidenc
28、e. If a spill has scattered and only thin sheens remain on the water surface, every possible effort should be made to take a sample of the spill material. No sample volume is too small and samples that CEN/TR 15522-1:2006Licensed Copy: Wang Bin, ISO/EXCHANGE CHINA STANDARDS, 15/05/2008 07:23, Uncont
29、rolled Copy, (c) BSI6 seemingly consist of pure water or sample pads that do not show any traces of oil can, when analysed, provide useful data. If any part of the spill differs in any respect from other parts, extra samples shall be taken to check if more than one spill has occurred in the area. If
30、 the spill response operation continues for more than one day, samples should be taken every day to make it possible to determine the degree of weathering of the oil, as well as possible contamination by other oils. If an oil sample is suspected to be contaminated with material already in the water,
31、 if possible also take samples of the water plus the contaminant. Waters in harbours and estuaries may contain traces of various petroleum products and when spills in such waters are sampled it is therefore important to provide the laboratory with blank samples of the water. Sampling equipment shall
32、 be handled and stored in such a manner that its use cannot contaminate the samples being taken. Samples shall be handled as legal evidence and shall be kept in a chain of custody until identification and possible legal procedure has been completed. NOTE Identity per se requires all measurable data
33、to be the same. This definition is practically and technically impossible to fulfill, and instead the definition of identity is rephrased in operational terms: two samples are identical if no differences in the analysed GC-FID and GC-MS data are present that cannot be explained by weathering. The ta
34、sk of looking for differences in chemical composition instead of proving similarity is conceptually more logical and easier to comply with. According to this, only distinct differences between samples can be proved whereas identity per se cannot. Therefore, only when no differences between samples a
35、re observed can identity be concluded as being beyond reasonable doubt. 4 Precautions and avoidance of contamination of samples during collection 4.1 General It is critical to take precautions in order to prevent contaminating the samples with traces of other oils during collection. Disposable nitri
36、le gloves should be used and as far as possible, the sampling equipment should be disposable. If the equipment is to be reused great care needs to be taken to ensure that it is thoroughly cleaned and stored in a clean condition prior to further use. 4.2 Potential sources of contamination Avoiding co
37、ntamination of the samples during sampling is essential. All the following possible sources of contamination should be considered and the appropriate control applied if necessary. These are: residue of earlier samples remaining on sampling containers, funnels, scoops, spatulas and other equipment; m
38、aterial from the site during sampling; residual water in or on ropes, chains or extension handles; dust or dirty water on the container closure; hands, gloves and general handling. 4.3 Controls Contamination may be minimised by taking the following appropriate action: CEN/TR 15522-1:2006Licensed Cop
39、y: Wang Bin, ISO/EXCHANGE CHINA STANDARDS, 15/05/2008 07:23, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI7 Check that the equipment is clean; take care to avoid disturbance at the sampling site; wipe and dry ropes, chains or extension handles between sampling and prior to storage; store containers and closures in a c
40、lean environment; avoid touching the material to be sampled with fingers, hands or gloves. If contamination is suspected this should be reported and if possible a fresh sample collected. 5 Sampling equipment and sample containers and closures 5.1 Introduction It should be noted that some of the equi
41、pment described may only be available from specialist sources. It is recommended that sampling kits should be made up and readily available. A description of the contents of suitable sampling kits is given in Annex E and a list of suppliers of suitable equipment can be obtained from European Committ
42、ee for Standardization (CEN) Central Secretariat. 5.2 General All sampling devices, sample containers and closures should be designed and constructed so as to assure the function for which they are intended in order to maintain the initial characteristics of the material being sampled. Their cleanli
43、ness should be confirmed before use. 5.3 Sample containers, closures and packages Glass jars or bottles with openings of a sufficient size to accommodate the material being sampled fitted with plastic closures with an inert insert. Metal closures, corks and rubber bungs should not be used as these m
44、ay either react with, or contaminate, the material being sampled. The capacity of the container will be dependent on the material being sampled and will usually be 100 ml to 500 ml. Larger wide mouth air-tight containers may be necessary to contain tar-balls, see 7.3. The bottle and the lid should h
45、ave the same serial number in order to prevent intermixing of lids, which could cause sample contamination. Plastic sample containers should be avoided because components from the plastic material may migrate into the oil and interfere with the analysis. However, if only plastic containers, or even
46、bags, are available, it is still better to use these than to obtain no samples at all. Plastic bags in which the sample container can be sealed should be of sufficient strength and size to accommodate the sample and retain its sealed condition during transportation. Wooden or cardboard boxes that ca
47、n be sealed can be used for transporting the samples. If the samples are to be transported by air the packages should conform to all the necessary regulatory requirements and be International Aviation Transport Association (IATA) approved. 5.4 Sampling devices 5.4.1 For sampling ships cargo tanks, b
48、unker tanks and bilges, barges, road tankers, shore tanks and pipelines Sampling equipment, containers and closures as described in EN ISO 3170. For sampling bunker tanks from the deck using sounding pipes use a thick-walled brass tube less than 25 mm in diameter containing a 10 ml glass tube. The b
49、rass tube is fitted with a ring to enable CEN/TR 15522-1:2006Licensed Copy: Wang Bin, ISO/EXCHANGE CHINA STANDARDS, 15/05/2008 07:23, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI8 attachment to a measuring tape. The brass tube should be constructed with an asymmetric end that ensures that it lies horizontally when touching the tank bottom and should be of sufficient weight to allow it to sink into viscous oils, see Figure 1. Key X 10 ml glass tube Y Thick-walled heavy brass tube Figure 1 Thick-walled brass tube 5.4.2 For sampling waterborne oil globules Eit
