1、PD CEN/TR15735:2008ICS 03.240NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWPUBLISHED DOCUMENTPostal services Quality of service Distance to accesspointsLicensed Copy: Wang Bin, ISO/EXCHANGE CHINA STANDARDS, 18/05/2010 03:19, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSIThis Published Documentwa
2、s published underthe authority of theStandards Policy andStrategy Committee on 30November 2009 BSI 2009ISBN 978 0 580 60275 7Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate CommentsPD CEN/TR 15735:2008National forewordThis Published Document is the UK implementation of CEN/TR15735:2008.The UK par
3、ticipation in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee SVS/4, Postal services.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained onrequest to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisionsof a contract. Users are responsible for
4、its correct application.Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunityfrom legal obligations.Licensed Copy: Wang Bin, ISO/EXCHANGE CHINA STANDARDS, 18/05/2010 03:19, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSIPD CEN/TR 15735:2008TECHNICAL REPORTRAPPORT TECHNIQUETECHNISCHER BERICHTCEN/TR 15735October 2008I
5、CS 03.240English VersionPostal services - Quality of service - Distance to access pointsServices postaux - Qualit de service - Qualit de laccsaux services postauxPostalische Dienstleistungen - Dienstqualitt - Entfernungzum ZugangspunktThis Technical Report was approved by CEN on 16 March 2008. It ha
6、s been drawn up by the Technical Committee CEN/TC 331.CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland,France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, P
7、oland, Portugal,Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATIONCOMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATIONEUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNGManagement Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels 2008 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by a
8、ny means reservedworldwide for CEN national Members.Ref. No. CEN/TR 15735:2008: ELicensed Copy: Wang Bin, ISO/EXCHANGE CHINA STANDARDS, 18/05/2010 03:19, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSIPD CEN/TR 15735:2008CEN/TR 15735:2008 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword3 Introduction .4 1 Scope 5 2 Main issues concerning t
9、he measurement of network density5 2.1 General5 2.2 Legislation 10 2.3 Measurement10 2.4 Available data.10 2.5 Reservations 11 3 Conclusion .11 Annex A (informative) Questionnaire regarding a methodology for the Measurement of Distance to postal Access Points 12 Annex B (informative) Questionnaire r
10、esults .23 Annex C (informative) Analysis of national legislations .34 Licensed Copy: Wang Bin, ISO/EXCHANGE CHINA STANDARDS, 18/05/2010 03:19, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSIPD CEN/TR 15735:2008CEN/TR 15735:2008 (E) 3 Foreword This document (CEN/TR 15735:2008) has been prepared by Technical Committee CE
11、N/TC 331 “Postal services”, the secretariat of which is held by NEN. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This document has
12、 been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EU Directive(s). Licensed Copy: Wang Bin, ISO/EXCHANGE CHINA STANDARDS, 18/05/2010 03:19, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSIPD CEN/TR 15735:2008CEN/TR 15735:
13、2008 (E) 4 Introduction Article 3 of the Postal Directive requires Member States to ensure that the density of access points (postal outlets and collection letterboxes) takes account of the needs of users it contains relatively general requirements relating to access to Universal Services. Consequen
14、tly, Member States have taken very different approaches in defining minimum standards concerning the density of access points. The most important types of requirements that are imposed on Universal Service Providers are listed below: Minimum number: the Universal Service Provider must maintain at le
15、ast x postal outlets (or collection letterboxes). Maximum distance: a postal outlet (or letterbox) must not be further away than x kilometres from any home or business location. Usually this requirement does not apply to isolated houses in rural areas but only within populated areas (or similarly de
16、fined geographic areas). Town size: a postal outlet (or letterbox) is mandatory in each municipality exceeding a population of x. In addition, some countries require the Universal Service Provider to maintain one postal outlet per x inhabitants in towns. One outlet per municipality: at least one pos
17、tal outlet (or letterbox) must be operated in each municipality. The situation with regard to access conditions and Quality of Service does differ from country to country. Access conditions refer to the service points of the postal network, like street letter-boxes, post offices and other outlets th
18、at provide postal services. The regulatory requirements with regard to the density of these access points vary from nonexistent to detailed guidelines on the location of access points with regard to density, distance, population or community related criteria. Even in Member States where no specific
19、requirements regarding the density of postal outlets exist, it appears that politics, often locally, strongly oppose Universal Service Providers that plan to close postal outlets, thus adding a soft component to the universal service obligation. Licensed Copy: Wang Bin, ISO/EXCHANGE CHINA STANDARDS,
20、 18/05/2010 03:19, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSIPD CEN/TR 15735:2008CEN/TR 15735:2008 (E) 5 1 Scope This Technical Report takes into account the existing systems for measuring access to postal services and the targets that are already in use in member states. To get an understanding of the existing sys
21、tems regarding population coverage, a questionnaire entitled “Methodology for the Measurement of Distance to postal Access Points” was circulated to postal operators and postal regulators (see Annex A). 2 Main issues concerning the measurement of network density 2.1 General This report is based on t
22、wo data sources, the results of the questionnaire (Annex B) and the legislative framework for the density of access points to the postal network (Annex C). An overview of the main issues raised in the legislation and in the questionnaire is given in the following table. The table is structured in fo
23、ur main parts: Legislation on Access-Network Density; Measurement of Access-Network Density; Available Data necessary for Density Measurement; Reservations about Distance Measurement. A tick mark is given for each European country in which the issue is relevant or dealt with. Licensed Copy: Wang Bin
24、, ISO/EXCHANGE CHINA STANDARDS, 18/05/2010 03:19, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSIPD CEN/TR 15735:2008CEN/TR 15735:2008 (E) 6 Table 1 Responses on questions about the distance to postal access points Austria Belgium CyprusCzechRepublicDenmark EstoniaFinland France Germany Greece HungaryIrelandItaly Latvia
25、LithuaniaLuxembourg Malta Norway Poland Portugal SlovakRepublicSloveniaSpainSwitzerland SwedenTheNetherlandsUnitedKingdom Geographical Unit I National X X X X Geographical Unit II Regions X Geographical Unit III Local Units X X X X X X X Postman “Service to Customer“ Equal to fixed Access Point X X
26、X X X X X Population Density I Urban Areas X X X X X LEGISLATION Population Density II Rural Areas X X X X Licensed Copy: Wang Bin, ISO/EXCHANGE CHINA STANDARDS, 18/05/2010 03:19, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSIPD CEN/TR 15735:2008CEN/TR 15735:2008 (E) 7 Indicators Used I Absolute Number of Access Points
27、 X X X Indicators Used II % of Population based on Distance X X X X X X X Measurement System I System already in place X X X X X X X X Measurement System II Incl. Postbox X X X X X X X Measurement System III Incl. Outlet with full Postal Service X X X X X X MEASUREMENTMeasurement System IV In regula
28、r intervals X X X Distance I Straight Line X X X X X X X X Licensed Copy: Wang Bin, ISO/EXCHANGE CHINA STANDARDS, 18/05/2010 03:19, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSIPD CEN/TR 15735:2008CEN/TR 15735:2008 (E) 8 Distance II Allowance for Natural Barriers X X X X X X X Distance III Other X X X X X X X X X Non
29、Distance I Population Density X X X X X X Non Distance II Geographical Information X X X X X X Data available I Population Density (around AP) X X X X X X X X X X Data available II Population Density (PCA) X X X X X X X X X X DATA Data available III Population Density (geographic) X X X X X X X X X
30、X Licensed Copy: Wang Bin, ISO/EXCHANGE CHINA STANDARDS, 18/05/2010 03:19, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSIPD CEN/TR 15735:2008CEN/TR 15735:2008 (E) 9 RES.Detailed Reservations About distance-based measurement X X X X X X Licensed Copy: Wang Bin, ISO/EXCHANGE CHINA STANDARDS, 18/05/2010 03:19, Uncontrolle
31、d Copy, (c) BSIPD CEN/TR 15735:2008CEN/TR 15735:2008 (E) 10 2.2 Legislation Eight countries provided information on national legislation on access-network density. The first three categories in the table indicate on which geographical unit(s) the national legislation is based: National, Regional or
32、Local. Local solutions for the access to the postal network often include Mobile Postmen who provide access by Service-to-Customer instead of the usual Customer-to-Service approach connected with a visit to the post office. The questionnaire gives additional information on other countries where mobi
33、le postman are an issue (three countries). Sometimes legislation differentiates areas with different population densities. Specialized legislation may be available for Urban and Rural Areas. The indicators for access-network density that are used within the legislation fall into two main groups: abs
34、olute numbers for a minimum of postal access points and minimum percentage of the population within a given distance to the postal access point. 2.3 Measurement Information on measurement is based on the questionnaire responses. Fifteen countries reported if any system for distance measurement is al
35、ready in place or not (see question 3.1, Annex A). Each of the measurement systems in place is based on the access point “Post Office”. It is stated if the measurement system includes (or should include, if not installed) post-boxes and postal outlets with the full range of postal services (see ques
36、tion 4.2.1, Annex A). Six countries gave additional information about the timing of the measurement, if it is done on a regular basis or by demand (question 4.4.5). Thirteen countries indicated if the concept of distance is part of access-network density measurement. It is denoted if distance is mea
37、sured as a straight-line measurement or if any other distance measure is or would be applied, for example distance by road or distance in minutes by car (question 4.1.1). All countries are listed, which reported that an allowance is or would be made for natural barriers like mountains or rivers (que
38、stion 4.1.2). In addition to distance related measures other indicators are used as well (question 4.1.1). These mainly fall into two categories: firstly, access is related to the population density in the area, in which the access point is located. The areas are mostly defined by postal or administ
39、rative criteria (certain postcode-areas or municipalities). Secondly, access is related to geographical information (location of access point / customer, geographical areas, census based areas). Geographical information is increasingly drawn from electronic Geographic Information Systems (GIS) which
40、 allows for a very detailed geographical stratification of the country. Both categories may overlap when the population density is available for geographically defined areas. 2.4 Available data Even in cases where no measurement is installed yet, it is of interest, if any information is available th
41、at could be used for this purpose. Fourteen countries gave information on the data available in their country, which in most cases consists of population density data. Population density figures may be available for any defined area around a fixed access point (question 4.2.3.c), for a set of define
42、d postcode-areas (question 4.2.3.b) or for geographically defined areas. Licensed Copy: Wang Bin, ISO/EXCHANGE CHINA STANDARDS, 18/05/2010 03:19, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSIPD CEN/TR 15735:2008CEN/TR 15735:2008 (E) 11 2.5 Reservations Not all countries felt comfortable with a standard, which is based
43、 mainly on the concept of distance as the indicator for access-network density as they view the requirements for the access network in a broader context, which can be seen in the answers to chapter 5 of the questionnaire. All answers to the questionnaire or additional comments that go into further d
44、etail are incorporated at Annex C. 3 Conclusion There are many different methods of distance measurement that are either in use or appropriate for use. This may include distance covered by foot or vehicle and can be done by straight line, distance by road or by the distance covered by the delivery o
45、fficer. Likewise, information on how a countries population is measured also varies considerably. When measuring distance to access points, individual countries physical barriers, such as mountains, rivers, lakes, etc. have to be taken into account. The legislation clearly indicates if it is necessa
46、ry to consider those natural barriers. Although, some use similar measurement systems to others, there are also many differences. It would be extremely difficult to introduce a single measurement system to meet the needs of all. As public need for access as well as the cost of providing access to Un
47、iversal Services can most usefully be balanced at a local level, there appears to be no reasons for further harmonization in this area at the moment. However, countries that currently do not have a measurement system in place but would like to introduce such a measurement system now or sometime in t
48、he future may use the information provided in Table 1 and get in contact with those countries that have a comparable legal situation and a measurement system in place. Licensed Copy: Wang Bin, ISO/EXCHANGE CHINA STANDARDS, 18/05/2010 03:19, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSIPD CEN/TR 15735:2008CEN/TR 15735:2008 (E) 12 Annex A (informative) Questionnaire regarding a methodology for the Measurement of Distance to postal Access Points 1. Introduction In its Postal directives (1997 per km? 13 organisations answered: - For an absolute number (12 organisations). - An
