1、BSI Standards PublicationAluminium and aluminium alloys Mechanical potential of Al-Si alloys for high pressure,low pressure and gravity die castingPD CEN/TR 16748:2014National forewordThis Published Document is the UK implementation of CEN/TR 16748:2014. The UK participation in its preparation was e
2、ntrusted to TechnicalCommittee NFE/35, Light metals and their alloys.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained onrequest to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions ofa contract. Users are responsible for its correct applicat
3、ion. The British Standards Institution 2014.Published by BSI Standards Limited 2014ISBN 978 0 580 86319 6ICS 77.120.10Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity fromlegal obligations.This Published Document was published under the authority of theStandards Policy and Strategy Committe
4、e on 31 December 2014.Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate Text affectedPUBLISHED DOCUMENTPD CEN/TR 16748:2014TECHNICAL REPORT RAPPORT TECHNIQUE TECHNISCHER BERICHT CEN/TR 16748 December 2014 ICS 77.120.10 English Version Aluminium and aluminium alloys - Mechanical potential of Al-Si a
5、lloys for high pressure, low pressure and gravity die casting Aluminium et alliages daluminium - Potentiel mcanique des alliages Al-Si couls sous pression et dans des moules permanents pour moulage par gravit et basse pression Aluminium und Aluminiumlegierungen - Potential der mechanischen Eigenscha
6、ften von AlSi-Legierungen fr Druckguss, Niederdruckguss und SchwerkraftkokillengussThis Technical Report was approved by CEN on 9 September 2014. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee CEN/TC 132. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus,
7、Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom
8、. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2014 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. CEN/TR 16748:
9、2014 ECEN/TR 16748:2014 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword 3 1 Scope 4 2 Normative references 4 3 Terms and definitions . 4 4 Reference dies . 5 4.1 Reference dies for high pressure die cast Al-Si alloys . 5 4.1.1 HPDC reference die #1 5 4.1.2 HPDC reference die #2 7 4.2 Reference dies for low pressure an
10、d gravity die cast Al-Si alloys . 8 4.2.1 Gravity casting Reference die #1 . 8 4.2.2 Gravity casting Reference die #2 . 9 4.2.3 Gravity casting Reference die #3 . 9 4.2.4 LPDC reference die 10 5 Definition of mechanical potential of Al-Si die cast alloys 10 5.1 General 10 5.2 Tensile tests . 11 5.3
11、Test pieces . 11 5.4 Rounding rules for determination of compliance 14 5.5 Mechanical potential . 14 Annex A (informative) Mechanical potential of Al-Si based alloys for high pressure and gravity die casting: Examples of reference dies and castings 15 A.1 High pressure die casting . 15 A.1.1 Referen
12、ce casting #1 1 . 15 A.1.2 Reference casting #2 3 . 18 A.2 Gravity die casting . 19 Reference gravity casting #3 4-5 19 Bibliography 21 PD CEN/TR 16748:2014CEN/TR 16748:2014 (E) 3 Foreword This document (CEN/TR 16748:2014) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 132 “Aluminium and aluminium
13、alloys”, the secretariat of which is held by AFNOR. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. PD CEN/TR 16748:2014CEN/TR 16748:2
14、014 (E) 4 1 Scope This Technical Report presents the characteristics of reference dies and reference castings, to be used for evaluating the mechanical potential (in terms of Ultimate Tensile Strength, Yield Strength and Elongation) which can be expected by Al-Si based alloys, cast by high pressure,
15、 low pressure and gravity (permanent mould) processes. These properties are measured on separately cast test specimens produced with state-of-the-art knowledge on die design, process management and alloy treatments correctly applied to minimize defects and imperfections. 2 Normative references The f
16、ollowing documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 1559-1, F
17、ounding - Technical conditions of delivery - Part 1: General EN 1559-4, Founding - Technical conditions of delivery - Part 4: Additional requirements for aluminium alloy castings EN 1676, Aluminium and aluminium alloys - Alloyed ingots for remelting - Specifications EN 1706, Aluminium and aluminium
18、alloys - Castings - Chemical composition and mechanical properties EN 12258-1:2012, Aluminium and aluminium alloys - Terms and definitions - Part 1: General terms EN ISO 6892-1, Metallic materials - Tensile testing - Part 1: Method of test at room temperature (ISO 6892-1) 3 Terms and definitions For
19、 the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN 12258-1:2012 and the following apply. 3.1 casting process process in which molten metal is introduced into a mould where it solidifies SOURCE: EN 12258-1:2012, 3.1.1 3.2 die casting process casting process in which molten metal is
20、 injected under substantial pressure, typically above 7 MPa, into a metal die and solidifies under this pressure Note 1 to entry: Die casting process is also referred to as “pressure die casting (process)” or “high pressure die casting (process)”. SOURCE: EN 12258-1:2012, 3.1.10 3.3 permanent mould
21、casting process casting process in which molten metal is introduced by gravity or low pressure into a mould constructed of durable material, typically iron or steel Note 1 to entry: A permanent mould casting process where the metal solidifies in a metal mould under low pressure (typically less than
22、1 bar above atmospheric pressure) is also referred to as a “low pressure die casting process”. SOURCE: EN 12258-1:2012, 3.1.9 PD CEN/TR 16748:2014CEN/TR 16748:2014 (E) 5 3.4 casting product at or near finished shape, formed by solidification of the metal in a mould or a die SOURCE: EN 12258-1:2012,
23、2.5.1 3.5 microstructure structure of a metal as revealed by microscopic examination of a surface, typically after mechanical and/or chemical preparation, e.g. polishing and micro-etching SOURCE: EN 12258-1:2012, 4.5.10 3.6 defect quality characteristic is lower with respect to the level or state fo
24、reseen (usually specified); it does not allow the product to carry out the function requested SOURCE: EN 12258-1:2012, 7.1.2 3.7 imperfection quality characteristic is for a some extent lower with respect to the level or state foreseen Note 1 to entry: This does not mean necessarily that the product
25、 is not suitable for use. An imperfection needs to be evaluated by means of a proper scale, based on the related specifications, to decide if the product has a quality level making it suitable for use. SOURCE: EN 12258-1:2012, 7.1.1 3.8 mechanical potential tensile properties (in terms of Ultimate T
26、ensile Strength, Yield Strength and Elongation) which can be expected by Al-Si based alloys, separately cast in reference dies with state-of-the-art knowledge on die design, process management and alloy treatments correctly applied to minimize defects and imperfections; the mechanical potential can
27、be higher than the mechanical properties evaluated on test pieces taken from real castings 3.9 reference die permanent die, designed according state-of-the-art methodologies and made of steel or of cast iron, suitable for the evaluation of mechanical potential of Al-Si cast alloys; the geometry of r
28、eference dies varies, in dependence of which process is applied (High Pressure, Low Pressure and Gravity Casting) 3.10 reference casting casting produced using the reference die 4 Reference dies 4.1 Reference dies for high pressure die cast Al-Si alloys 4.1.1 HPDC reference die #1 The mechanical pot
29、ential of high pressure die cast Al-Si alloys can be evaluated by the reference die designed, built and tested in the frame of NADIA Project (New Automotive components Designed for and manufactured by Intelligent processing of light Alloys, EU IPs-SMEs, Contract n. 026563-2, 2006-2010). The referenc
30、e casting is also suitable for other kinds of characterizations. PD CEN/TR 16748:2014CEN/TR 16748:2014 (E) 6 Figure 1 a) and b) shows the configuration of the HPDC reference casting #1. a) HPDC Reference casting #1 (general drawing) PD CEN/TR 16748:2014CEN/TR 16748:2014 (E) 7 b) HPDC Reference casti
31、ng #1 (detailed drawing) Figure 1 4.1.2 HPDC reference die #2 The mechanical potential of high pressure die cast Al-Si alloys can be evaluated by the reference die, designed, built and tested by HYDRO in cooperation with NTNU (University of Trondheim). Figure 2 shows the configuration of the HPDC re
32、ference casting #2. PD CEN/TR 16748:2014CEN/TR 16748:2014 (E) 8 Figure 2 HPDC Reference casting #2 4.2 Reference dies for low pressure and gravity die cast Al-Si alloys 4.2.1 Gravity casting Reference die #1 The mechanical potential of gravity die cast Al-Si alloys can be evaluated by the Gravity ca
33、sting Reference die #1, whose details are given in Ref. 1. Figure 3 shows the configuration of Gravity casting Reference die #1. Figure 3 Gravity casting reference die #1 PD CEN/TR 16748:2014CEN/TR 16748:2014 (E) 9 4.2.2 Gravity casting Reference die #2 The mechanical potential of gravity die cast A
34、l-Si alloys can be evaluated by the Gravity casting Reference die #2, whose details are given in Ref. 1. Figure 4 shows the configuration of Gravity casting Reference die #2. Figure 4 Gravity casting Reference die #2 4.2.3 Gravity casting Reference die #3 The mechanical potential of gravity die cast
35、 Al-Si alloys can be evaluated by the reference die designed, built and tested by NTNU (University of Trondheim) in cooperation with SINTEF (Norway). Figure 5 shows the configuration of the reference casting obtained Gravity casting Reference die #3. PD CEN/TR 16748:2014CEN/TR 16748:2014 (E) 10 Figu
36、re 5 Reference gravity casting #3 4.2.4 LPDC reference die The mechanical potential of low pressure die cast Al-Si alloys can be evaluated by the reference die designed, built and tested by NTNU (University of Trondheim) in cooperation with SINTEF (Norway). Figure 6 shows the configuration of this r
37、eference casting. Figure 6 LPDC Reference casting 5 Definition of mechanical potential of Al-Si die cast alloys 5.1 General The mechanical potential of Al-Si alloys shall be evaluated by means of tensile tests performed on specimens cast using the reference dies described in Clause 4. Further inform
38、ation on Reference dies and castings are collected in Annex A. The mechanical properties collected in EN 1706 are referred to minimum values. Unless otherwise specified in the order document, the production of reference castings shall be left to the discretion of the producer. Unless it is explicitl
39、y stated in the order document, no obligation shall be placed on the manufacturer to use the same processes for subsequent and similar orders. However, the supplier should inform the purchaser of any change which may affect the quality of the reference casting. PD CEN/TR 16748:2014CEN/TR 16748:2014
40、(E) 11 Tensile tests shall be carried out on as cast specimens (F temper), after holding a few days at room temperature; for other specific tempers, the related details shall be agreed between supplier and purchaser, in accordance with EN 1559-1, EN 1559-4, EN 1676 and EN 1706. 5.2 Tensile tests Ten
41、sile tests shall be carried out in accordance with EN ISO 6892-1. 5.3 Test pieces For high pressure die cast alloys, tensile test pieces shall be cut directly from the reference castings, and tested without machining. They shall be conforming to the specifications given in Figure 7 and Figure 8 (Ref
42、. 1). For gravity die cast alloys, tensile test pieces may be tested in the machined or un-machined condition. If machined, they shall be conforming to the specifications given in Figure 9 and Figure 10 (Ref. 2). For low pressure die cast alloys, tensile test pieces shall be machined directly from t
43、he reference casting, according to EN ISO 6892-1. a) PD CEN/TR 16748:2014CEN/TR 16748:2014 (E) 12 b) c) Figure 7 Specimens cut from high pressure die casting reference casting #1 PD CEN/TR 16748:2014CEN/TR 16748:2014 (E) 13 a) b) Figure 8 Specimens cut from high pressure die casting reference castin
44、g #2 Figure 9 Specimen drawn from gravity die casting reference casting #1 PD CEN/TR 16748:2014CEN/TR 16748:2014 (E) 14 Figure 10 Specimen drawn from gravity die casting reference casting #2 5.4 Rounding rules for determination of compliance Rounding rules shall be applied in accordance with EN ISO
45、6892-1. 5.5 Mechanical potential The mechanical potential of the alloy shall be directly achieved by the results of tensile tests on test pieces obtained from reference castings. The mechanical potential will be indicated by means of a table (whose template is shown in Table 1), in which Rm, Rp0.2an
46、d A% values are reported, together with all the available information on alloy composition, casting process parameters and testing procedure. Annex A reports some examples of the mechanical potential of high pressure die cast Al-Si alloys. Table 1 Template for indication of mechanical potential of A
47、l-Si cast alloys Alloy* Process: Casting parameters* Mechanical Potential* RmMPa Rp0.2MPa A % * Information should be supplied on alloy composition. * Information should be supplied on casting process parameters (melting and metal treatment procedure, die, HPDC machine, thermo-regulation parameters,
48、 pouring procedure, nominal plunger velocity, and intensification pressure). * Information should be supplied on mechanical testing procedure (e.g. crosshead speed, kind of extensometer, number of tensile tests conducted for each condition); at least 10 specimens shall be tested; together with avera
49、ge Rm, Rp0.2and A% values, the standard deviation shall be reported. PD CEN/TR 16748:2014CEN/TR 16748:2014 (E) 15 Annex A (informative) Mechanical potential of Al-Si based alloys for high pressure and gravity die casting: Examples of reference dies and castings A.1 High pressure die casting A.1.1 Reference casting #1 1 Figure A.1 shows the geometry of reference casting #1 for high pressure die casting. a) Alloys evaluated Table A.1 collects the composition of the alloys tested. The chemical composition of the m
