1、BSI Standards PublicationConstruction products Assessment of release of dangerous substancesPart 1: Guidance for the determination of leaching tests and additional testing stepsPD CEN/TS 16637-1:2014National forewordThis Published Document is the UK implementation of CEN/TS 16637-1:2014.The UK parti
2、cipation in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee B/557, Construction products Assessment of dangerous substances.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained onrequest to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions o
3、fa contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. The British Standards Institution 2014.Published by BSI Standards Limited 2014ISBN 978 0 580 57319 4ICS 13.040.20; 19.040; 91.100.01Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity fromlegal obligations.This Published Document
4、was published under the authority of theStandards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 August 2014.Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate Text affectedPUBLISHED DOCUMENTPD CEN/TS 16637-1:2014TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION SPCIFICATION TECHNIQUE TECHNISCHE SPEZIFIKATION CEN/TS 16637-1 August 2014
5、 ICS 19.040; 13.040.20; 91.100.01 English Version Construction products - Assessment of release of dangerous substances - Part 1: Guidance for the determination of leaching tests and additional testing steps Produits de construction - Evaluation de lmission de substances dangereuses - Partie 1: Guid
6、e pour la spcification des essais de lixivation et des tapes supplmentaires dessai Bauprodukte - Bewertung der Freisetzung von gefhrlichen Stoffen - Teil 1: Leitfaden fr die Festlegung von Auslaugprfungen und zustzlichen Prfschritten This Technical Specification (CEN/TS) was approved by CEN on 25 Fe
7、bruary 2014 for provisional application. The period of validity of this CEN/TS is limited initially to three years. After two years the members of CEN will be requested to submit their comments, particularly on the question whether the CEN/TS can be converted into a European Standard. CEN members ar
8、e required to announce the existence of this CEN/TS in the same way as for an EN and to make the CEN/TS available promptly at national level in an appropriate form. It is permissible to keep conflicting national standards in force (in parallel to the CEN/TS) until the final decision about the possib
9、le conversion of the CEN/TS into an EN is reached. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithua
10、nia, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1
11、000 Brussels 2014 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. CEN/TS 16637-1:2014 EPD CEN/TS 16637-1:2014CEN/TS 16637-1:2014 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword 4 Introduction .5 1 Scope 7 2 Normative references 7 3 Terms and definitions
12、 .7 3.1 Sampling and products .8 3.2 Release and laboratory testing . 10 4 Symbols and abbreviations . 13 5 Determination of the appropriate release test method . 14 5.1 Step 1: Information on construction products that may be examined by leaching tests . 14 5.2 Step 2: Determination of test method
13、. 14 5.2.1 Principles and general review of the test methods . 14 5.2.2 Product properties and test conditions for the determination of the relevant test method . 15 6 Adoption of modules for the product specific leaching standard . 18 6.1 Overview of the modules . 18 6.2 Product sampling and transp
14、ort to the laboratory 20 6.2.1 Introduction on sampling . 20 6.2.2 Objective of sampling 20 6.2.3 Preparation of a sampling plan and sampling strategy 20 6.2.4 Information from the testing laboratory needed to complement the product sampling plan 23 6.2.5 Packaging and transport of laboratory sample
15、 . 24 6.2.6 Sample description and marking of laboratory sample and sampling report 24 6.2.7 Chain of custody report . 24 6.2.8 Dispatch of product samples, time schedule 25 6.2.9 Report on sampling 25 7 Indirect methods . 25 7.1 Definition . 25 7.2 Requirements for indirect methods 25 7.3 Examples
16、of indirect methods . 26 Annex A (informative) Release scenarios and impact assessment 27 A.1 Release scenarios and test determination . 27 A.2 Impact assessment and impact evaluation 28 A.2.1 Source-pathway-target approach for impact assessment . 28 A.2.2 How to use “intended use” and “intended con
17、ditions of use” 29 A.2.3 Impact evaluation 29 A.3 Responsibilities 30 Annex B (informative) Different types of leaching tests 31 B.1 General . 31 B.2 Reference tests and indirect test 31 B.3 Leaching tests for products with reducing properties . 31 Annex C (informative) Key concepts for product samp
18、ling . 32 PD CEN/TS 16637-1:2014CEN/TS 16637-1:2014 (E) 3 C.1 Representativeness . 32 C.2 Uncertainty . 33 C.3 Sampling under various stages of production control . 34 C.4 Objective of sampling . 34 C.5 Preparation of a sampling plan 34 C.6 Considerations on sampling strategy . 37 C.6.1 General . 37
19、 C.6.2 Sampling approach . 37 C.6.3 Population and sub-population . 37 C.6.4 Scale . 38 C.6.5 Size of increments and samples 41 C.6.6 Sampling of complex, composite and large products . 42 C.6.7 Sampling location and moment . 42 Annex D (informative) Example of a chain of custody report 44 Annex E (
20、informative) Example of a sampling report . 45 Bibliography 46 PD CEN/TS 16637-1:2014CEN/TS 16637-1:2014 (E) 4 Foreword This document (CEN/TS 16637-1:2014) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 351 “Construction Products - Assessment of release of dangerous substances”, the secretariat of
21、which is held by NEN. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by
22、the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association. This Technical Specification deals with the determination and use of test methods for leaching of construction products taking specific situations into account. It specifies preconditions under which leaching tests for monolithic produ
23、cts and for granular products need to be selected. Background information on characterization of leaching behaviour of construction products can be found in Technical Reports provided by CEN/TC 351 (i.e. CEN/TR 16098 1, and CEN/TR 16496 2). According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the nati
24、onal standards organizations of the following countries are bound to announce this Technical Specification: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia
25、, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. PD CEN/TS 16637-1:2014CEN/TS 16637-1:2014 (E) 5 Introduction This informative introduction describes the interactions and interrelations betw
26、een the release tests developed to assess the release of dangerous substances from construction products into soil, surface water and groundwater in the framework of the Mandate M/366. The horizontal test methods developed under the Mandate M/366 are intended to be used to show compliance with notif
27、ied regulations. The tests cover the release of substances from construction products and in particular, those that are regulated in notified regulations in one or more EU member states. CEN/TS 16637-1 specifies how the CEN Technical Product Committees and EOTA experts are to determine the appropria
28、te leaching test for the determination of the release of Regulated Dangerous Substances from a construction product into soil, surface water and groundwater. CEN/TS 16637-2 describes a horizontal test to assess surface dependent release from monolithic, plate-like or sheet-like construction products
29、 while FprCEN/TS 16637-3 (in preparation) will describe a horizontal test to assess release from granular construction products. The test methods can be used for both steps in the hierarchy (type testing and factory production control) and are supposed to be used as the reference test for the intend
30、ed uses and conditions specified in CEN/TS 16637-1. In this hierarchy of testing conditionally “indirect tests” can be used, but are not specified. The release of substances upon contact with water results in a potential risk to the environment during the intended use of construction products. The i
31、ntent of these tests is to identify the leaching behaviour of construction products and thereby allow assessments of the release of Regulated Dangerous Substances from such products to soil, surface water and groundwater under intended conditions of use in relation to CE marking and assessment and v
32、erification of constancy of performance. Technical Product Committees are expected to apply the test standards developed in CEN/TC 351 for their products in order to test the potential release of Regulated Dangerous Substances to soil, surface water and groundwater. CEN/TS 16637-1 is intended to pro
33、vide clear procedures to determine which test method is appropriate for a given product. CEN/TS 16637-1 aims to provide the information, needed in a CEN Technical Product Committee, on how to deal with the relevant test method(s) to enable the producer to declare a performance in the CE marking as a
34、 result of the test. CEN Technical Product Committees are referred to the informative Annex A and Annex B of CEN/TS 16637-1 and to CEN/TR 16098 1, for background information on the following aspects: a) identification of the products addressed in the product standards which have relevance with respe
35、ct to the release of dangerous substances into soil, surface water and groundwater (products only applied in the interior of buildings are not subject to testing for these properties); b) description of the intended conditions of use of the construction product (e.g. above ground exposed to the prec
36、ipitation, or shielded from direct infiltration, in surface or groundwater) in respect to the release of dangerous substances into soil, surface water and groundwater; c) identification of main release mechanisms. Impact assessment is not part of the work of CEN/TC 351. In addition to existing valid
37、ation results, in 2011 CEN/TC 351 began an extensive research program on robustness validation of the existing tank leaching and percolation tests. This was carried out by a consortium of European experts on 20 construction products to unify differences from the protocols of the different CEN Member
38、s and to check the influence of testing conditions on the test result (e.g. temperature, flow rate, renewal scheme, etc. 3). The results of the research program confirmed the robustness of the horizontal tests known from former works. Conclusions from the program have been implemented into the Techn
39、ical Specifications for the test methods. However, the performance of the leaching test regarding repeatability and reproducibility is dependent on the tested construction product and on the testing conditions. When these Technical Specifications of the horizontal leaching tests are adopted by CEN,
40、the leaching tests referred to in PD CEN/TS 16637-1:2014CEN/TS 16637-1:2014 (E) 6 these Technical Specifications will not yet be fully validated. No data will be available on repeatability and reproducibility for the range of construction products. For other, sometimes comparable, matrices performan
41、ce data are available from national as well as EU validation studies. PD CEN/TS 16637-1:2014CEN/TS 16637-1:2014 (E) 7 1 Scope (1) This Technical Specification allows the identification of the appropriate leaching test method for the determination of the release of Regulated Dangerous Substances from
42、 construction products into soil, surface water and groundwater. This document provides a stepwise procedure for the determination of appropriate release tests, including: a) guidance for the identification of construction products potentially emitting Regulated Dangerous Substances; b) determinatio
43、n of the test method based on general product properties; c) choice of the test method using specific product properties. (2) Furthermore, this Technical Specification gives general guidance for CEN Technical Product Committees on basic aspects (sampling, sample preparation and storage, eluate treat
44、ment, analysis of eluates and documentation) to be specified in the relevant product standards. (3) Metallic products, coatings on metallic products and organic coatings for metals are not considered in the determination scheme of this Technical Specification since the test method in CEN/TS 16637-2
45、(tank test) is not appropriate for the testing of these construction products due to a different release mechanism (solubility control). NOTE Metallic products are excluded from the scope of CEN/TS 16637-2 because the principles of that test (diffusion) are not obeyed by these products. Metallic pro
46、ducts have shown pH dependent solubility control, which means that metals released from the oxidation layer on the metal until the maximum possible solubility level at the prevailing pH conditions in the surrounding water is reached (more water in contact with the same metal surface means more metal
47、s released and more time does not lead to more release due to solubility control). Maximum level of release can often be reached in minutes to hours. More generally, it can be stated that expression of results for metallic surfaces in mg/(m2s) is always “conditional”, i.e. dependent on the local con
48、ditions at which the measurements were done, such as the volume of water relative to the surface area. For impact assessment, it is necessary to understand the above mentioned effects and to capture these effects in a test reflecting the dominant release mechanism. However, such a test method is cur
49、rently unavailable. If the intrinsic leaching behaviour is known, release under specified local conditions could be determined by modelling. Furthermore, no notified regulations exist for metallic products at the time these Technical Specifications have been published. (4) It is assumed that intermittent contact with water (e.g. exposure to rainwater) is tested - by convention - as permanent contact. For some coatings, (e.g. some renders with organic binders according to EN 15824) in intermittent contact to water, physical and chemical properties migh
