1、PD CEN/TS 17045:2017Materials obtained from end oflife tyres Quality criteria forthe selection of whole tyres,for recovery and recyclingprocessesBSI Standards PublicationWB11885_BSI_StandardCovs_2013_AW.indd 1 15/05/2013 15:06PD CEN/TS 17045:2017 PUBLISHED DOCUMENTNational forewordThis Published Doc
2、ument is the UK implementation of CEN/TS 17045:2017.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee PRI/73, Industrial rubber products.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to i
3、nclude all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. The British Standards Institution 2017.Published by BSI Standards Limited 2017ISBN 978 0 580 94826 8 ICS 13.030.50; 83.160.01 Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obl
4、igations.This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 March 2017.Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate T e x t a f f e c t e dTECHNICAL SPECIFICATION SPCIFICATION TECHNIQUE TECHNISCHE SPEZIFIKATION CEN/TS 17045 March 2017 I
5、CS 13.030.50; 83.160.01 English Version Materials obtained from end of life tyres - Quality criteria for the selection of whole tyres, for recovery and recycling processes Matriaux issus de pneumatiques en fin de vie - Critres qualitatifs de slection de pneumatiques entiers pour des procds de rcupra
6、tion et de recyclage Materialien aus Altreifen - Qualittskriterien fr die Auswahl von ganzen Reifen fr Verwertung und Recycling-Prozesse This Technical Specification (CEN/TS) was approved by CEN on 2 January 2017 for provisional application. The period of validity of this CEN/TS is limited initially
7、 to three years. After two years the members of CEN will be requested to submit their comments, particularly on the question whether the CEN/TS can be converted into a European Standard. CEN members are required to announce the existence of this CEN/TS in the same way as for an EN and to make the CE
8、N/TS available promptly at national level in an appropriate form. It is permissible to keep conflicting national standards in force (in parallel to the CEN/TS) until the final decision about the possible conversion of the CEN/TS into an EN is reached. CEN members are the national standards bodies of
9、 Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia,
10、 Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2017 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worl
11、dwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. CEN/TS 17045:2017 EPD CEN/TS 17045:2017CEN/TS 17045:2017 (E) 3 European foreword This document (CEN/TS 17045:2017) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 366 “Materials obtained from end of life tyres”, the secretariat of which is held by UNI. Attent
12、ion is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organisations of the following co
13、untries are bound to announce this Technical Specification: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Nor
14、way, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. PD CEN/TS 17045:2017CEN/TS 17045:2017 (E) 4 Introduction The purpose of this document is to establish general and specific criteria for the use of whole tyres in recycling processes
15、 and in material recovery into different applications, mainly in the field of civil engineering. This document does not provide any criteria to select whole tyres to be reused in their original application, i.e. to be mounted on a vehicle. See Figure 1 for an overview of the whole process. Figure 1
16、General scheme of the process to generate end of life tyres and their final processing The criteria established in this document focus on determining the conditions under which a whole end of life tyre (WELT) can be used for materials recovery. From a legal point of view, in Europe, end of life tyre
17、s are considered as waste, listed in the European Waste Catalogue with code 16.01.03, tyres removed from vehicles. The criteria for establishing when ELT cease to be waste are ultimately drafted in the EU legislation, by the relevant Directives and their further adoption into national regulations. T
18、he purpose of this document is to facilitate those who make the decision to establish the end of the waste status. This document also aims to overcome the limitations to the use of WELT in certain PD CEN/TS 17045:2017CEN/TS 17045:2017 (E) 5 applications and to clarify the conditions under which they
19、 can be used for recycling or recovery process in compliance with all conditions ensuring no negative impact to health and environment. The document aims to increase consumer confidence in the applications of used tyres and facilitate the development of the market by the introduction of a specific s
20、et of parameters to ensure the quality and consistency of whole tyres to be used for both in recycling and recovery applications. Compliance with the criteria set in this standard, results in the protection to the human health and the environment. WARNING This document does not purport to address al
21、l of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this document to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. PD CEN/TS 17045:2017CEN/TS 17045:2017 (E) 6 1 Scope This Europ
22、ean Standard provides criteria for the selection of whole end-of-life tyres (WELT) under different classes based on their size. It also provides criteria for determination of their suitability to be used in recycling and material recovery processes. The processes described in this document include s
23、orting of WELT in order to determine their acceptance in recovery and recycling processes. Criteria regarding the reuse of tyres to be mounted again in a vehicle are not addressed in this document. This document does not cover the operational performance of the applications or the requirements of th
24、e materials for certain applications, which are usually agreed between the manufacturer and the customer. Solid tyres are excluded from the scope of this document. 2 Normative references The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable f
25、or its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO 4223-1, Definitions of some terms used in the tyre industry Part 1: Pneumatic tyres ISO 18604:2013, Packaging and th
26、e environment Material recycling ISO 4000-1, Passenger car tyres and rims Part 1: Tyres (metric series) 3 Terms and definitions For the purpose of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 4223-1 and the following apply. 3.1 aspect ratio AA number obtained by dividing the number expressi
27、ng the nominal section height in mm by the number expressing the nominal section width in mm 3.2 bead part of a tyre which is of such shape and structure as to fit the rim and hold the tyre on it 3.3 designated applications collective term for the final use to which tyre-derived rubber material is p
28、ut within the designated market sector 3.4 inner diameter RR represents the dimension of the rim on which the tyre is mounted, usually expressed in inches PD CEN/TS 17045:2017CEN/TS 17045:2017 (E) 7 3.5 original shape it is the shape created by a revolution toroid, which maintain its shape in any po
29、sition without any help 3.6 processor operator undertaking end of life tyre shredding, crumbing and granulating processes 3.7 quality statement documentation accompanying each load or consignment of tyre derived rubber materials supplied 3.8 recovery of whole tyres reprocessing of tyres into applica
30、tions other than the original intended purpose and excluding the generation of energy Note 1 to entry: This definition applies only to this document and is not the general definition of recovery that can be found in other standards. 3.9 recycling process physical, mechanical or chemical process whic
31、h converts collected and sorted WELT, into secondary (recycled) raw materials, products, excluding energy recovery and the use of the product as a fuel (see ISO 18604:2013) 3.10 reuse of tyres repeat deployment of used tyres in their original application 3.11 sidewall part of the tyre, excluding the
32、 tread, which is visible when the tyre, fitted to a rim, is viewed from the side 3.12 size reduction process process of cutting and/or grinding whole tyres using a mechanical equipment 3.13 structure technical characteristics of the tyres carcass 3.14 tyre tread part of a pneumatic tyre that normall
33、y comes in contact with the ground 3.15 tyre width WWW linear distance between the outsides of the sidewalls, usually expressed in mm PD CEN/TS 17045:2017CEN/TS 17045:2017 (E) 8 3.16 Whole End of Life Tyre WELT any pneumatic tyre removed from any vehicle and not selected to be mounted on a vehicle a
34、gain 4 General information on tyres 4.1 General The information on tyres contained in this clause is not related with the recycling and recovery itself but pretend to maintain homogenous criteria on this step in comparison with the general concepts and information related with new and in use tyres.
35、4.2 Categories of whole tyres Different applications of the WELT may require different properties such as crush strength, shock absorption and vibration absorption to ensure the feasibility of the recovery process. These properties will depend in many cases on the category of tyre which also determi
36、nes its dimension. The categories of tyres are the following: Scooter, Motorcycle Passenger car Light trucks Truck and bus Industrial Agro and Forestry In addition to these categories there are also solid tyres, which rather than a hollow structure, are completely filled with elastomeric material. T
37、his kind of tyres have different physical characteristics, and are not covered by this document. 4.3 General composition of tyres Each single tyre has its own specific chemical composition. Nevertheless, all tyres here considered will contain rubber, metal and textile. The percentages of these mater
38、ials typically depend on: size, type of tyre, intended use for the tyre and the manufacturer. The typical materials breakdown in percentages is shown in Table 1. Table 1 Average composition of different categories of tyres Material Passenger car average composition Truck and bus average composition
39、Rubber 78 % 75 % Metal 16,5 % 25 % Textile 5,5 % 1 % 4.4 Relevant information from tyre marks Generally, tyres are marked with several inscriptions providing useful information for their use when mounted on a vehicle. For WELT, most of this information is not relevant for recycling and recovery purp
40、oses. The main parameters useful for this purpose are the size and the age. PD CEN/TS 17045:2017CEN/TS 17045:2017 (E) 9 The size usually determines both the process and the WELT possible application in the form of whole tyre. Especially for civil engineering applications a classification by sizes is
41、 important to allow the uniformity of the structures to be built. There are three dimensional parameters generally selected for their characterization: Tyre width (WWW) Aspect ratio (AA) Inner diameter (RR) With some exceptions, those three parameters are marked in the sidewall of the tyres in the f
42、ollowing way: WWW / AA - RR NOTE Further explanation on tyre marks can be found in ISO 4000-1. The age of the tyre is located on the sidewall, expressed as date of manufacture. It is marked in the form of a group of four digits, the first two showing the week and the last two the year of manufacture
43、. For tyres manufactured before 2000, rather than two, there are three digits marked on sidewall, the first two digits expressing the week and the last digit expressed the year of the decade of 1990s. 5 General criteria for selection of tyres 5.1 General The main reason to establish acceptance crite
44、ria for whole used tyres to be recycled and/or recovered is to avoid the introduction in those processes of material which might lead to a non-conformity product. 5.2 describes some features that could affect the potential use of WELT and 5.3 establishes the requirements for selection. The general r
45、equirements for the selection of whole tyres aim to avoid the introduction of harmful substances via contamination, which might impact on human health, environment, or on the quality of the products or applications obtained. The compliance with the requirements established in this document does not
46、guarantee the suitability in the recycling or in their use in several applications, as it depends on other factors related to the application itself. 5.2 describes some features that could affect the potential use of WELT and the 5.3 establishes the requirements for selection. 5.2 Criteria for the s
47、election and use of whole tyres 5.2.1 Source Tyres might come from stockpile or other location where they have been mixed with any other type of waste. In such a case, care should be taken in order to ensure that WELT are not contaminated by other waste. 5.2.2 Exposition to fire WELT might come from
48、 stockpiles that have been exposed to fire. In those stockpiles, even those tyres not yet being burned, have been into contact with the compounds of decomposition of the tyre caused by fire. PD CEN/TS 17045:2017CEN/TS 17045:2017 (E) 10 Tyres that have been partially burnt or that may be contaminated
49、 by burning tyres shall not be used for recycling processes. 5.2.3 Presence of greases and oils Depending on the source, some tyres might have been in contact with greases and oils that may contaminate the materials obtained in the recycling process or affect its use in most applications. It is especially important to avoid such tyres in a recycling process. 5.2.4 Fillings Some tyres are filled with polymeric material in order to prevent punctures during their use in vehicles. The composition of these tyres is different from the tyres covered
