1、BSI Standards PublicationSafety of laser productsPart 17: Safety aspects for use of passive optical components and optical cables in high power optical fibre communication systemsPD IEC/TR 60825-17:2015National forewordThis Published Document is the UK implementation of IEC/TR 60825-17:2015. It supe
2、rsedes PD IEC/TR 60825-17:2010 which is withdrawn.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee EPL/76, Optical radiation safety and laser equipment.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained onrequest to its secretary.This publication does no
3、t purport to include all the necessary provisions ofa contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. The British Standards Institution 2015.Published by BSI Standards Limited 2015ISBN 978 0 580 79373 8ICS 31.260; 33.180.01Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity fromle
4、gal obligations.This Published Document was published under the authority of theStandards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 October 2015.Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate Text affectedPUBLISHED DOCUMENTPD IEC/TR 60825-17:2015IEC TR 60825-17 Edition 2.0 2015-10 TECHNICAL REPORT Saf
5、ety of laser products Part 17: Safety aspects for use of passive optical components and optical cables in high power optical fibre communication systems INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION ICS 31.260; 33.180.01 ISBN 978-2-8322-2959-0 Registered trademark of the International Electrotechnical C
6、ommission Warning! Make sure that you obtained this publication from an authorized distributor. PD IEC/TR 60825-17:2015 2 IEC TR 60825-17:2015 IEC 2015 CONTENTS FOREWORD . 3 INTRODUCTION . 5 1 Scope 6 2 Normative references 6 3 Terms and definitions 6 4 Recommendations . 8 4.1 General considerations
7、 the background to optical fibre damage at high powers 8 4.2 Fibre coating damage occurring when bending at high powers 8 4.3 Information on automatic power reduction (APR) 9 4.4 Information for manufacturers, operating organizations and users . 10 4.5 Fibre and connector damage induced by high opti
8、cal powers 11 4.5.1 Fibre fuse and other effects . 11 4.5.2 Contamination particles . 12 4.6 Degradation or burn-through of dust cap and/or shutter 12 4.7 Potentially collimated beam profile resulting in an increased optical hazard 12 4.7.1 General . 12 4.7.2 High power expanded beam connectors 13 4
9、.8 Increases in the temperatures of attenuators, collimators, splitters and other passive components . 13 4.9 Additional labelling 14 Bibliography 15 PD IEC/TR 60825-17:2015IEC TR 60825-17:2015 IEC 2015 3 INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION _ SAFETY OF LASER PRODUCTS Part 17: Safety aspects fo
10、r use of passive optical components and optical cables in high power optical fibre communication systems FOREWORD 1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The
11、object of IEC is to promote international co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To this end and in addition to other activities, IEC publishes International Standards, Technical Specifications, Technical Reports, Publicly Available Specific
12、ations (PAS) and Guides (hereafter referred to as “IEC Publication(s)”). Their preparation is entrusted to technical committees; any IEC National Committee interested in the subject dealt with may participate in this preparatory work. International, governmental and non-governmental organizations li
13、aising with the IEC also participate in this preparation. IEC collaborates closely with the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) in accordance with conditions determined by agreement between the two organizations. 2) The formal decisions or agreements of IEC on technical matters expr
14、ess, as nearly as possible, an international consensus of opinion on the relevant subjects since each technical committee has representation from all interested IEC National Committees. 3) IEC Publications have the form of recommendations for international use and are accepted by IEC National Commit
15、tees in that sense. While all reasonable efforts are made to ensure that the technical content of IEC Publications is accurate, IEC cannot be held responsible for the way in which they are used or for any misinterpretation by any end user. 4) In order to promote international uniformity, IEC Nationa
16、l Committees undertake to apply IEC Publications transparently to the maximum extent possible in their national and regional publications. Any divergence between any IEC Publication and the corresponding national or regional publication shall be clearly indicated in the latter. 5) IEC itself does no
17、t provide any attestation of conformity. Independent certification bodies provide conformity assessment services and, in some areas, access to IEC marks of conformity. IEC is not responsible for any services carried out by independent certification bodies. 6) All users should ensure that they have t
18、he latest edition of this publication. 7) No liability shall attach to IEC or its directors, employees, servants or agents including individual experts and members of its technical committees and IEC National Committees for any personal injury, property damage or other damage of any nature whatsoeve
19、r, whether direct or indirect, or for costs (including legal fees) and expenses arising out of the publication, use of, or reliance upon, this IEC Publication or any other IEC Publications. 8) Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publication
20、s is indispensable for the correct application of this publication. 9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this IEC Publication may be the subject of patent rights. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. The main task of IEC te
21、chnical committees is to prepare International Standards. However, a technical committee may propose the publication of a Technical Report when it has collected data of a different kind from that which is normally published as an International Standard, for example “state of the art“. IEC TR 60825-1
22、7, which is a Technical Report, has been prepared by IEC technical committee TC 76: Optical radiation safety and laser equipment. This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition published in 2010. This edition constitutes a technical revision. The changes with respect to the previous edit
23、ion include changes to harmonize with SC86A and SC86B documents. PD IEC/TR 60825-17:2015 4 IEC TR 60825-17:2015 IEC 2015 The text of this Technical Report is based on the following documents: Enquiry draft Report on voting 76/510/DTR 76/526/RVC Full information on the voting for the approval of this
24、 Technical Report can be found in the report on voting indicated in the above table. This publication has been drafted in accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. A list of all parts of the IEC 60825 series, published under the general title Safety of laser products, can be found on the IEC w
25、ebsite. The committee has decided that the contents of this publication will remain unchanged until the stability date indicated on the IEC website under “http:/webstore.iec.ch“ in the data related to the specific publication. At this date, the publication will be reconfirmed, withdrawn, replaced by
26、 a revised edition, or amended. A bilingual version of this publication may be issued at a later date. PD IEC/TR 60825-17:2015IEC TR 60825-17:2015 IEC 2015 5 INTRODUCTION The rapid growth of applications such as the internet and business intranets requiring high bitrates has caused a dramatic increa
27、se in the need for high capacity data connections. This increase in capacity has resulted in a requirement for a corresponding increase in power levels used in optical fibre communications systems. There are a number of areas of concern including but not exclusively the use of erbium-doped fibre amp
28、lifiers (EDFA), high power dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM) systems, and Raman amplification. The power levels associated with these systems are typically greater than 500 mW (i.e. Class 4), but some studies have shown additional thermal effects can occur at lower powers. These addition
29、al thermal and related hazards mean that it is necessary to address a number of new issues. It should be noted that the vast majority of these systems use single- mode fibre. PD IEC/TR 60825-17:2015 6 IEC TR 60825-17:2015 IEC 2015 SAFETY OF LASER PRODUCTS Part 17: Safety aspects for use of passive o
30、ptical components and optical cables in high power optical fibre communication systems 1 Scope This part of IEC 60825 recommends safety measures to protect against effects caused exclusively by thermal, opto-mechanical and related effects in passive optical components and optical cables used in high
31、 power optical fibre communication systems. This part of IEC 60825 does not apply to the use of high power optical systems in explosive atmospheres or the use of optical fibres in material processing machines. Throughout this part of IEC 60825, a reference to laser is taken to include light-emitting
32、 diodes (LEDs) and optical amplifiers. 2 Normative references The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the r
33、eferenced document (including any amendments) applies. IEC 60825-1:2014, Safety of laser products Part 1: Equipment classification and requirements IEC 60825-2:2004, Safety of laser products Part 2: Safety of optical fibre communication systems (OFCS) IEC 60825-2:2004/AMD1:2006 IEC 60825-2:2004/AMD2
34、:20101ITU-T Recommendation G.664, Optical safety procedures and requirements for optical transmission systems 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 automatic laser shutdown ALS technique (procedure) to automatically shutdown the out
35、put power of laser transmitters and optical amplifiers to avoid exposure to hazardous levels 3.2 automatic power reduction APR feature of an optical fibre communication system (OFCS) by which the accessible power is reduced to a specified level within a specified time, whenever there is an event whi
36、ch could result in human exposure to radiation, e.g. a fibre cable break _ 1A consolidated edition 3.2 exists, including IEC 60825-2:2004 and its Amendment 1 and Amendment 2. PD IEC/TR 60825-17:2015IEC TR 60825-17:2015 IEC 2015 7 Note 1 to entry: The term “automatic power reduction” (APR) used in th
37、is document encompasses the following terms used in recommendations of the International Telecommunication Union ITU: automatic laser shutdown (ALS); automatic power reduction (APR); automatic power shutdown (APSD). SOURCE: IEC 60825-2:2004, 3.2 3.3 controlled location location with controlled acces
38、s accessible location where an engineering or administrative control is present to make it inaccessible, except to authorized personnel with appropriate laser safety training SOURCE: IEC 60825-2:2004, 3.13 3.4 hazard level potential hazard at any accessible location within an OFCS, based on the leve
39、l of optical radiation which could become accessible in a reasonably foreseeable event, e.g. a fibre cable break Note 1 to entry: It is closely related to the laser classification procedure in IEC 60825-1. SOURCE: IEC 60825-2:2004, 3.4, modified Supplementary information has been moved from the defi
40、nition to a Note to entry. 3.5 high optical power optical power of 500 mW or greater potentially capable of causing damage to fibres, optical components or systems (typically Class 4) Note 1 to entry: 500 mW is recommended partly as it is the breakpoint between Class 3B laser products (unlikely to c
41、ause fire) and Class 4 laser products (may cause fire). Note 2 to entry: Studies have shown damage is significantly more likely at powers in excess of 1 W, but damage has also been shown to occur at powers as low as 200 mW see 1 and 22. 3.6 loss of continuity of an optical link event which may cause
42、 hazardous optical power levels to be emitted from some point along the path of an optical transmission system Note 1 to entry: Common causes of loss of continuity of an optical link are a cable break, equipment failure, connector unplugging, etc. 3.7 optical fibre communication system OFCS engineer
43、ed, end-to-end assembly for the generation, transfer and reception of optical radiation arising from lasers, LEDs or optical amplifiers, in which the transference is by means of optical fibre for communication and/or control purposes SOURCE: IEC 60825-2:2004, 3.18 _ 2The numbers in square brackets r
44、efer to the Bibliography. PD IEC/TR 60825-17:2015 8 IEC TR 60825-17:2015 IEC 2015 3.8 restricted location location with restricted access accessible location that is normally inaccessible by the general public by means of any administrative or engineering control measure but that is accessible to au
45、thorized personnel who may not have laser safety training SOURCE: IEC 60825-2:2004, 3.14 3.9 unrestricted location location with unrestricted access accessible location where there are no measures restricting access to members of the general public SOURCE: IEC 60825-2:2004, 3.15 4 Recommendations 4.
46、1 General considerations the background to optical fibre damage at high powers When optical fibres are operated at high power levels (typically 500 mW), fibres and optical connectors can be damaged. In optical communications systems the optical power is transmitted in CW mode or at high repetition r
47、ates, and therefore catastrophic damage is predominantly caused by thermal mechanisms. It has been shown that several effects can cause high optical power-induced damage of single-mode fibre systems leading to fibre failures. Systems employing high optical power operation in fibres, connectors, coll
48、imators and attenuators thus carry additional safety concerns. For example, local heating in contaminated connectors/attenuators carrying high optical power can pose a potential fire hazard to surrounding materials, depending on the flammability of those materials. IEC TR 61292-4 provides extensive
49、guidance on the following topics (see also 3): fibre fuse and its propagation; loss-induced heating at connectors or splices; connector end-face damage induced by dust/contamination; fibre coating burn/melt induced by tight fibre bending. 4.2 Fibre coating damage occurring when bending at high powers Studies 412 on tight fibre bending at high power show that coating ageing can occur slowly and catastrophic damage effects can occur after hundreds of
