1、BSI Standards PublicationNanomanufacturing Key control characteristicsPart 4-3: Nano-enabled electrical energy storage Contact and coating resistivity measurements for nanomaterialsPD IEC/TS 62607-4-3:2015National forewordThis Published Document is the UK implementation of IEC/TS 62607-4-3:2015. The
2、 UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee NTI/1, Nanotechnologies.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained onrequest to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions ofa contract. Users are responsi
3、ble for its correct application. The British Standards Institution 2015.Published by BSI Standards Limited 2015ISBN 978 0 580 86146 8ICS 07.030 Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity fromlegal obligations.This Published Document was published under the authority of theStandards Po
4、licy and Strategy Committee on 30 September 2015. Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate Text affectedPUBLISHED DOCUMENTPD IEC/TS 62607-4-3:2015IEC TS 62607-4-3 Edition 1.0 2015-08 TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION Nanomanufacturing Key control characteristics Part 4-3: Nano-enabled electrical ene
5、rgy storage Contact and coating resistivity measurements for nanomaterials INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION ICS 07.030 ISBN 978-2-8322-2851-7 Registered trademark of the International Electrotechnical Commission Warning! Make sure that you obtained this publication from an authorized distri
6、butor. colourinsidePD IEC/TS 62607-4-3:2015 2 IEC TS 62607-4-3:2015 IEC 2015 CONTENTS FOREWORD . 4 INTRODUCTION . 6 1 Scope 7 2 Normative references. 7 3 Terms, definitions, acronyms and abbreviations . 7 3.1 Terms and definitions 7 3.2 Acronyms and abbreviations 8 4 Sample preparation methods . 8 4
7、.1 General . 8 4.2 Reagents 9 4.2.1 Casting slurry. 9 4.2.2 Isolator substrates . 9 4.2.3 Metal collector strips and sample layout . 9 4.3 Preparation of the electrode nanomaterial test samples . 9 5 Measurement of electric properties 10 5.1 General . 10 5.2 Coating resistivity 10 5.2.1 Demarcation
8、of method 10 5.2.2 Measurement of the sample thickness 10 5.2.3 Experimental procedures and measurement conditions . 10 5.3 Contact resistivity 11 5.3.1 Demarcation of method 11 5.3.2 Experimental procedures and measurement conditions . 11 6 Data analysis / interpretation of results 11 6.1 Coating r
9、esistivity 11 6.2 Contact resistivity 12 Annex A (informative) Case study 13 A.1 Sample preparation . 13 A.2 Results for a supercap EDLC-electrode and a lithium-ion battery NCM-cathode . 15 A.2.1 Linear correlation between current and voltage of the electrode coating resistance of a supercap electro
10、de (ohmic behaviour) . 15 A.2.2 Results for coating resistivity 16 A.2.3 Results of measurement of contact resistivity . 17 Bibliography . 18 Figure 1 Layout of the coating (left) and contact (right) resistivity measurement . 9 Figure A.1 Sample preparation . 13 Figure A.2 Construction steps 15 Figu
11、re A.3 Correlation between current and voltage of the coating resistance of various supercap EDLC-electrodes (variation in amount of carbon black additive in the electrode recipe) . 15 Figure A.4 Coating resistivity of supercap electrodes with variation in the amount of carbon black in the electrode
12、 composite recipe and sample thickness. . 16 Figure A.5 Coating resistivity of NCM-based lithium-ion battery cathode with variation in the amount of NCM, binder to carbon black value and sample thickness . 16 PD IEC/TS 62607-4-3:2015IEC TS 62607-4-3:2015 IEC 2015 3 Figure A.6 Contact resistivity of
13、a supercap electrode in the state “as cast” and “densified” 17 Figure A.7 Contact resistivity of a NCM-based lithium-ion battery cathode (81,3 vol.-% NCM) in the state “as cast” and “as densified” 17 PD IEC/TS 62607-4-3:2015 4 IEC TS 62607-4-3:2015 IEC 2015 INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
14、_ NANOMANUFACTURING KEY CONTROL CHARACTERISTICS Part 4-3: Nano-enabled electrical energy storage Contact and coating resistivity measurements for nanomaterials FOREWORD 1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising all national elec
15、trotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote international co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To this end and in addition to other activities, IEC publishes International Standards, Technical Specifi
16、cations, Technical Reports, Publicly Available Specifications (PAS) and Guides (hereafter referred to as “IEC Publication(s)”). Their preparation is entrusted to technical committees; any IEC National Committee interested in the subject dealt with may participate in this preparatory work. Internatio
17、nal, governmental and non-governmental organizations liaising with the IEC also participate in this preparation. IEC collaborates closely with the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) in accordance with conditions determined by agreement between the two organizations. 2) The formal d
18、ecisions or agreements of IEC on technical matters express, as nearly as possible, an international consensus of opinion on the relevant subjects since each technical committee has representation from all interested IEC National Committees. 3) IEC Publications have the form of recommendations for in
19、ternational use and are accepted by IEC National Committees in that sense. While all reasonable efforts are made to ensure that the technical content of IEC Publications is accurate, IEC cannot be held responsible for the way in which they are used or for any misinterpretation by any end user. 4) In
20、 order to promote international uniformity, IEC National Committees undertake to apply IEC Publications transparently to the maximum extent possible in their national and regional publications. Any divergence between any IEC Publication and the corresponding national or regional publication shall be
21、 clearly indicated in the latter. 5) IEC itself does not provide any attestation of conformity. Independent certification bodies provide conformity assessment services and, in some areas, access to IEC marks of conformity. IEC is not responsible for any services carried out by independent certificat
22、ion bodies. 6) All users should ensure that they have the latest edition of this publication. 7) No liability shall attach to IEC or its directors, employees, servants or agents including individual experts and members of its technical committees and IEC National Committees for any personal injury,
23、property damage or other damage of any nature whatsoever, whether direct or indirect, or for costs (including legal fees) and expenses arising out of the publication, use of, or reliance upon, this IEC Publication or any other IEC Publications. 8) Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited
24、 in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is indispensable for the correct application of this publication. 9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this IEC Publication may be the subject of patent rights. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying
25、 any or all such patent rights. The main task of IEC technical committees is to prepare International Standards. In exceptional circumstances, a technical committee may propose the publication of a Technical Specification when the required support cannot be obtained for the publication of an Interna
26、tional Standard, despite repeated efforts, or the subject is still under technical development or where, for any other reason, there is the future but no immediate possibility of an agreement on an International Standard. Technical Specifications are subject to review within three years of publicati
27、on to decide whether they can be transformed into International Standards. IEC 62607-4-3, which is a Technical Specification, has been prepared by IEC technical committee 113: Nanotechnology standardization for electrical and electronic products and systems. PD IEC/TS 62607-4-3:2015IEC TS 62607-4-3:
28、2015 IEC 2015 5 The text of this Technical Specification is based on the following documents: Enquiry draft Report on voting 113/239/DTS 113/263A/RVC Full information on the voting for the approval of this Technical Specification can be found in the report on voting indicated in the above table. Thi
29、s publication has been drafted in accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. A list of all parts in the IEC 62607 series, published under the general title Nanomanufacturing Key control characteristics, can be found on the IEC website. The committee has decided that the contents of this publica
30、tion will remain unchanged until the stability date indicated on the IEC website under “http:/webstore.iec.ch“ in the data related to the specific publication. At this date, the publication will be transformed into an International Standard, reconfirmed, withdrawn, replaced by a revised edition, or
31、amended. A bilingual version of this publication may be issued at a later date. IMPORTANT The colour inside logo on the cover page of this publication indicates that it contains colours which are considered to be useful for the correct understanding of its contents. Users should therefore print this
32、 document using a colour printer. PD IEC/TS 62607-4-3:2015 6 IEC TS 62607-4-3:2015 IEC 2015 INTRODUCTION The future utilization of renewable energy technologies including e-mobility for individual transportation significantly depends on the development of efficient systems for energy storage. From t
33、odays perspective, lithium-ion batteries, supercapacitors and their derivative concepts are regarded as the most promising innovative candidates. A high energy density for the desired power and a long life time (recharge characteristics) are the two most important criteria for electrode materials. B
34、ecause many electrochemically active materials such as metal oxides show an inherently lower and insufficient conductivity for the electron transport, composite materials with carbon nanomaterial content are used for optimization of the current flow in the electrodes of a battery. The electrochemica
35、l reactions and the ensuing energy density of the battery cells are influenced by the movement of electrons in a composite. Furthermore, the electronic contact resistivity between the electrode material and the metal collector is important to realize a low ohmic internal resistance of the battery or
36、 capacitor device. This part of IEC 62607 provides standard methods to measure coating and contact resistivity of nano-enabled electrode materials and to evaluate the best combinations of the composite material recipes and fabrication technologies for carbon containing coatings of such nano-enabled
37、electrodes. Following this method will allow comparison of the results of different research groups. This standardized method is intended for comparing the contact and coating resistivity of composite materials with carbon nanomaterial content in the study stage, not for evaluating the electrode in
38、end products. The method is applicable for nano-enabled materials exhibiting function or performance only possible with nanotechnology, intentionally added to composite materials for measurable and significant improvement of the current flow in the electrodes of electrical energy storage devices. In
39、 this context it is important to note that the percentage content of nanomaterial of the device in question has no direct relation to the applicability of this part of IEC 62607, because minute quantities of nanomaterial are frequently sufficient to improve the performance significantly. The fractio
40、n of nanomaterials in electrodes, electrode coatings, separators or electrolyte is not of relevance for using this method. PD IEC/TS 62607-4-3:2015IEC TS 62607-4-3:2015 IEC 2015 7 NANOMANUFACTURING KEY CONTROL CHARACTERISTICS Part 4-3: Nano-enabled electrical energy storage Contact and coating resis
41、tivity measurements for nanomaterials 1 Scope This part of IEC 62607 provides a standardized test method for the measurement of contact and coating resistivity of nano-enabled electrode materials. This method will enable a customer to: a) decide whether or not a coating composite material is usable,
42、 and b) select best combinations of coating composite material with fabrication technologies suitable for their application. This part of IEC 62607 includes: definitions of terminology used in this part of IEC 62607, recommendations for sample preparation, outlines of the experimental procedures use
43、d to measure and calculate the contact and coating resistivity, methods of interpretation of results and discussion of data analysis, and a case study. 2 Normative references The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its appli
44、cation. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO/TS 80004-1, Nanotechnologies Vocabulary Part 1: Core terms 3 Terms, definitions, acronyms and abbreviations 3.1 Terms and defini
45、tions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO/TS 80004-1 and the following apply. 3.1.1 electrode nanomaterial material used in nano-enabled energy storage devices such as lithium-ion batteries or super-capacitors which contains a fraction of nanomaterial and exhibi
46、ts function or performance made possible only with the application of nanotechnology Note 1 to entry: Electrodes used in lithium-ion batteries or supercapacitors consist of mixed raw material powders (e.g. electrochemical active and carbon based nanomaterial powders) in a solvent with binder which f
47、orms a casting slurry. These slurries are coated by doctor blade process on thin metal collector foils, dried and subsequently calendar compressed to the final electrode. The electrode shows a multilayered layout, built up of (1) an aluminium or copper current collector and (2) the electrode materia
48、l layer. This material layer consists of the active phase (cathode lithium containing mixed oxides or phosphate, e.g. LCO, NCA, NCM, and LFP; anode, e.g. graphite and supercap activated carbon), a conducting phase (e.g. carbon nanomaterials like CB, carbon nanotubes or fibres) and an organic binder
49、(e.g. PVDF or SBR). PD IEC/TS 62607-4-3:2015 8 IEC TS 62607-4-3:2015 IEC 2015 3.1.2 coating resistivity resistance to the passage of an electric current through the electrode material layer Note 1 to entry: It is expressed as electrical resistivity. Note 2 to entry: The electric resistivity of the electrode material layer depends on several factors such as raw materials, the slurry processing step and the final electrode fabrication technology. Differen
