1、BRITISH STANDARD AEROSPACE SERIES BS PL 7:2005 Unsaturated polyester resins for low pressure laminating of glass fibre reinforced laminates Test methods ICS 59.100; 83.120 BS PL 7:2005 This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 10 June 2
2、005 BSI 10 June 2005 The following BSI references relate to the work on this standard: Committee reference ACE/65 Draft for comment 04/30115932 DC ISBN 0 580 45902 0 Committees responsible for this British Standard The preparation of this British Standard was entrusted to Technical Committee ACE/65,
3、 Inspection and testing requirements for non-metallic materials, upon which the following bodies were represented: British Hydromechanics Research Group British Plastics Federation Society of British Aerospace Companies Ltd. Co-opted members The following bodies were also represented in the drafting
4、 of this standard, through panel ACE/65/-/64, Structural reinforced plastic: Defence Science and Technology Laboratory Co-opted members Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. Date Text affectedBS PL 7:2005 BSI 10 June 2005 i Contents Page Committees responsible Inside front cover Foreword ii 1
5、S c o p e 1 2 Normative references 1 3T e s t v a r i a t i o n s 1 4 Physical tests on resin samples 1 5 Physical tests on the resin system 1 6 Physical and mechanical tests on laminated specimens 2 7 Electrical tests on laminated specimens 4 8 Test report 5BS PL 7:2005 ii BSI 10 June 2005 Foreword
6、 This British Standard has been prepared under the direction of ACE/65/-/64. With BS PL 6, this document supersedes DTD 5537A, January 1981, which was declared obsolescent by the Ministry of Defence from 1st April 1999. This British Standard calls for the use of substances and/or procedures that may
7、 be injurious to health if adequate precautions are not taken. It refers only to technical suitability and does not absolve the user from legal obligations relating to health and safety at any stage. A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of
8、British Standards are responsible for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i to ii, pages 1 to 5 and a back cover. The BSI copyrigh
9、t notice displayed in this document indicates when the document was last issued.BS PL 7:2005 BSI 10 June 2005 1 1 Scope This British Standard describes the methods for testing unsaturated polyester type synthetic resin and laminate specimens manufactured from the resin, to show conformance with the
10、requirements of BS PL 6. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the reference cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
11、 BS 188, Methods for determination of the viscosity of liquids. BS 733-2, Pyknometers Part 2: Method of calibration and use of pyknometers. BS 2782-8: Method 835B, Plastics Part 8: Other properties Method 835B: determination of gelation time of polyester resins (manual method). BS 2782-8: Method 835
12、C, Plastics Part 8: Other properties Method 835C: determination of gelation time of polyester and epoxide resins using a gel timer. BS EN ISO 62, Plastics Determination of water absorption. BS EN ISO 2114 (BS 2782-4: Method 432B), Plastic (polyester resin) and paints and varnishes (binders) Determin
13、ation of partial acid value and total acid value. BS EN ISO 2818 (BS 2782-9: Method 930A), Plastics Preparation of test specimens by machining. BS EN ISO 14125, Fibre reinforced plastic composites Determination of flexural properties. BS PL 6, Properties of unsaturated polyester resin for low pressu
14、re laminating of glass fibre reinforced composites Specification. 3 Test variations With agreement of the purchaser, other equivalent test methods may be used. However, in case of dispute, the test methods described in this standard shall be used. 4 Physical tests on resin samples 4.1 Conditioning p
15、rior to extraction of test samples Prior to extraction of samples for test, condition the material at a temperature of (20 2) C and (65 5) % RH for a minimum period of four days. 4.2 Determination of density as received and after storage life Determine the density of the resin at a temperature of 25
16、 C in accordance with the requirements of BS 733-2, method 5. 4.3 Determination of viscosity as received and after storage life Determine the viscosity of the resin at a temperature of 25 C in accordance with the requirements of BS 188. 4.4 Determination of acid value as received and after storage l
17、ife Determine the acid value of the resin in accordance with BS EN ISO 2114. 5 Physical tests on the resin system 5.1 Conditioning prior to extraction of test samples Prior to extraction of samples for test, condition material at a temperature of (20 2) C and (65 5) % RH for a minimum period of four
18、 days.BS PL 7:2005 2 BSI 10 June 2005 5.2 Determination of gelation time as received and after storage life Determine the gelation time of the resin system at a temperature of 25 C in accordance with the requirements of BS 2782-8: Method 835C. Determine the gelation time of the resin system at a tem
19、perature of 82 C in accordance with the requirements of BS 2782-8: Method 835B. 6 Physical and mechanical tests on laminated specimens 6.1 Preparation of test specimens by machining Machine test specimens in accordance with BS EN ISO 2818 from laminated test plaques manufactured in accordance with B
20、S PL 6. 6.2 Determination of flexural properties as laminated Determine the flexural strength and modulus of elasticity of laminated test specimens in accordance with BS EN ISO 14125, method A. 6.3 Determination of flexural strength after heat ageing Determine the flexural strength of test specimens
21、, after being subjected to heat ageing as specified in BS PL 6, in accordance with BS EN ISO 14125, method A. Test the specimens at the maximum service temperature for the particular grade of resin under test. The tolerance on test temperature shall be 2 C for temperatures up to and including 150 C,
22、 and 5 C for all other temperatures. 6.4 Determination of flexural strength after weathering Subject one sample of laminated material of sufficient size to allow the extraction of five test specimens from it after weathering, and subjected it to the following exposure. Expose each samples of laminat
23、e at a 45 angle facing south, turning the samples over every 15 days. At intervals of one month, expose the samples to the maximum service temperature for the particular grade of resin under test for a minimum of 30 min. Expose one test sample for a minimum period of three months and the other for a
24、 minimum period of one year. On completion of exposure, extract the test specimens and condition them for a minimum period of four days at (23 2) C and (55 5) % RH prior to test. Determine the flexural strength of the specimens in accordance with BS EN ISO 14125, method A. Record the mean of the fiv
25、e determinations of the flexural strength as the result and express it as a percentage of the original flexural strength. The tolerance on exposure temperature shall be 2 C for temperatures up to and including 150 C and 5 C for all other temperatures. Where the service temperature is above 100 C, ex
26、pose the laminate to a minimum pre-heat of one hour at 100 C before exposure to the higher temperature. 6.5 Determination of flexural properties after water absorption 6.5.1 Determination of water absorption Prepare three flexural test specimens in accordance with BS EN ISO 14125, method A and deter
27、mine their water absorption characteristics in accordance with BS EN ISO 62, method 2. If the weight after immersion is less than the original weight, record the difference and report it as water-soluble matter. 6.5.2 Determination of flexural properties Test the specimens within five minutes of rem
28、oval from the cold distilled water. Determine the flexural strength and the modulus of elasticity of specimens in accordance with BS EN ISO 14125, method A.BS PL 7:2005 BSI 10 June 2005 3 6.6 Determination of flexural strength after exposure to fluids 6.6.1 Determination of fluid absorption Prepare
29、six separate sets of three flexural test specimens in accordance with BS EN ISO 14125, method A. Immerse the specimens in the six fluids, one set per fluid. Measure and record the width and thickness of each specimen in accordance with BS EN ISO 14125 and weigh each specimen (m 1 ) prior to immersio
30、n for a minimum of 24 h at (25 2) C. Fully immerse each specimen separately in 50 ml of fluid by placing each one on edge in a container and supporting it at an angle by the bottom and sidewall of the container. Calculate the mass of absorption for each specimen as m spec . After removal from the fl
31、uid, wipe the specimen free of surface fluid and immediately weigh it (m 2 ). Take the mean of the three determinations of mass change as the percentage change in original mass due to absorption of fluids. Report each fluid separately. 6.6.2 Determination of flexural strength After weighing, determi
32、ne flexural strength of the specimens in accordance with BS EN ISO 14125, method A. Record the mean of the three determinations of the flexural test as the result and express it as a percentage of the original flexural strength. Report each fluid separately. 6.7 Determination of rate of burning Cut
33、three specimens each approximately 150 mm long 12.5 mm wide in any direction from the test laminate. Scribe each specimen with two lines 20 mm and 120 mm from one end. Clamp the other end of the specimen in a support within a test chamber or room so that the horizontal axis of the specimen is horizo
34、ntal and the traverse axis is inclined at 45 to the horizontal. Clamp, under the test specimen, a piece of 18 mesh wire gauze 120 mm square in a horizontal position 5.0 mm below the edge of the specimen and with 10 mm of the specimen extending beyond the edge of the gauze. Place a bunsen burner (1 c
35、m minimum outside diameter with a luminous flame 12.6 mm to 20.0 mm height) under the free end of the test specimen so that the flame tip is just in contact with the specimen. After 30 s, remove the flame and allow the specimen to burn. Start a stop-watch when the flame reaches the first mark from t
36、he end and observe the time to reach the second mark 100 mm away. Record the mean of the three determinations as the rate of burning in mm/min. Should a specimen fail to continue to burn to the second mark after the flame has been removed, replace the burner under the free end for a further 30 s imm
37、ediately following the extinction of the first flame. Protect the test chamber or room from air currents but provide it with means for venting the fumes from the burning specimens. 6.8 Determination of the glass content of the test laminate Cut three specimens, each not larger than 25 mm square, fro
38、m the test laminate. The sides of the specimens shall be square to the faces and the edges shall not be frayed. Weigh each specimen (m 2 ) in a previously ignited cooled and weighed crucible (m 1 ) and then place them in a furnace at a temperature not higher than 340 C. Raise the temperature of the
39、furnace to a temperature of 550 to 660 C at a rate that does not cause blowing or loss of inorganic filler. Ignite to a constant mass of the crucible and content (m 3 ), determined after cooling the crucible and content in a desiccator. m spec 100 m 2 m 1 () m 1 - = m mean m spec1 m spec2 m spec3 +
40、3 - =BS PL 7:2005 4 BSI 10 June 2005 Calculate the percentage glass content g spec(%) for each specimen. Take the mean of the three determinations of the percentage glass content. 6.9 Determination of freedom from corrosive products Prepare samples of metals, 50 50 mm as defined in BS PL 6, for test
41、 by degreasing them in a vapour of boiling toluene (analytical reagent quality). On removal from the vapour, dry them in a stream of warm dry air. Do not touch them with bare hands after degreasing. Allow the test samples to cool to room temperature and weigh them (m 1 ). Clamp a 38 38 mm piece of t
42、est plaque to one face of each metallic sample and expose them in a closed atmosphere at (38 2) C and (90 2) % RH for a minimum time period of six weeks. Take care to ensure that contamination of the atmosphere does not occur by enclosing more that one resin type. Avoid any risk of electrolytic effe
43、ct between different metal panels. After exposure, separate the metal panels from the laminate and examine them for signs of corrosion on both sides of the sample. Clean the panels by the treatment specified and weigh (m 2 ) after drying. The loss in weight shall be determined for each metal sample
44、(m loss ) NOTE 1 Clean cadmium plated panels by means of rubbing the surfaces with a rubber scraper under running water. Dry the panel with a clean cloth then wash with acetone and dry in a current of dry warm air. NOTE 2 Clean brass panels by immersing in a 5 % solution by volume of sulfuric acid a
45、t 40 to 50 C for a minimum of five minutes, rubbing the surfaces with a rubber scraper. Dry the panel with a clean cloth then wash with acetone and dry in a current of dry warm air. NOTE 3 Clean aluminium panels by immersing in concentrated nitric acid at 15 to 20 C for a minimum of five minutes, re
46、move and plunge into a quantity of cold water. Dry the panel with a clean cloth then wash with acetone and dry in a current of dry warm air. NOTE 4 Clean magnesium panels by brushing the surfaces with a bristle brush under running water. Immerse the panel in a cold 10 % ammonium chromate solution th
47、rough which a stream of air is passed and leave for 24 h minimum. Dry the panel with a clean cloth then wash with acetone and dry in a current of dry warm air. 7 Electrical tests on laminated specimens Expose three test specimens cut from the test plaque for a minimum of three hours to the maximum s
48、ervice temperature of the resin type under test, then allow them to cool in an atmosphere of (23 2) C and (55 5) % RH, and store them under these conditions for a minimum of four days. Measure the permittivity and loss tangent of the test pieces at a test frequency of 9 375 megacycles per second. Use a wave guide of internal cross section of 23 10 mm to hold the test piece. For dielectric constant measurement, use a short circuit method and, for loss tangent measurements, use an insertion method. After storage for the time and under the conditions specified in BS PL 6, retest the spe
