1、CAN/CSA-Dll3.2-M89 Cycling Helmets A National Standard of Canada (Reaffirmed 2004) The Canadian Standards Association (CSA), under whose auspices this National Standard has been pro- duced, was chartered in 191 9 and accredited by the Standards Council of Canada to the National Standards system in 1
2、973. It is a not-for-profit, nonstatutory, voluntary membership association engaged in stand- ards development and certification activities. CSA standards reflect a national consensus of produc- ers and users - including manufacturers, consumers, re ta ilers, u n ions and p ro fess io n a I organ iz
3、a t io n s, an d governmental agencies. The standards are used widely by industry and commerce and often adopted by mu- nicipal, provincial, and federal governments in their regulations, particularly in the fields of health, safety, building and construction, and the environment. individuals, compan
4、ies, and associations across Can- ada indicate their support for CSA s standards develop- ment by volunteering their time and skills to CSA Committee work and supporting the Associations ob- jectives through sustaining memberships. The more than 7000 committee volunteers and the 2000 sustain- ing me
5、mberships together form CSAs total membership from which its Directors are chosen. Sustaining mem- berships represent a major source of income for CSAs standards deveiopm en t activities. The Association offers certification and testing services in support of and as an extension to its standards dev
6、elopment activities. To ensure the integrity of its certification process, the Association regularly and con- tinually audits and inspects products that bear the CSA Mark. In addition to its head office and laboratory complex in Etobicoke, CSA has regional branch offices in major centres across Cana
7、da and inspection and testing agen- cies in eight countries. Since 7 9 7 9, the Association has developed the necessary expertise to meet its corporate mission: CSA is an independent service organization whose mission is to understand and fulfil Canadian societys national and international needs for
8、 consen- sus standards and conformity assessment related to safety, quality, and performance. Canadian Standards Association 7 78 Rexdale Boulevard this remains the con t in uing responsibility of the accredited s tan d ards - d eveio pmen t organ iza tion. Those who have a need to apply standards a
9、re encour- aged to use National Standards of Canada whenever practicable. These standards are subject to periodic review; therefore, users are cautioned to obtain the latest edition from the organization preparing the standard. The responsibility for approving National Standards of Canada rests with
10、 the Standards Council of Canada 45 OConnor Street Suite 7200 Ottawa, Ontario K7 P 6N7 Les normes nationoles du Canada sont publiees en versions franpise et onglaise. General Instruction No. 3 CAN/CSA-D113.2-M89 Revised New May 1996 Contents and Clause 1.1 Clause 8 and Figure 4 Title: Cydhg HehetS -
11、 originally published September 1989. Revisions issued: General Instruction No. 2 - Date: June 1990 *If you are missing any General Instruction, please contact CSA Information Product Sales. Deleted The following revisions have been formally approved and are marked by a vertical line in the margin o
12、n the attached replacement pages: None I 1 CAN/CSA-D113.2-M89 originally consisted of 21 pages dated September 1989. It now consists of the following pages: 5-8, 11,12,17, and 18 dated September 1989; 13, 14, 19, and 20 dated june 1990; and 34A, 9, 10,15-16B, 21, and 22 dated May 1996. Update your c
13、opy by inserting these revised pages. Keep the pages you remove for reference. Contents Contents I Technical Committee on Cycling Helmets 4A Preface 6 Foreword 7 1. Scope 9 2. Reference Publications 9 3. Definitions 9 4. General Construction Requirements 70 4.1 Materials 70 4.2 Helmet Assembly 70 4.
14、3 Retention System 70 4.4 Visors 70 5. Test Requirements 77 5.1 General 77 5.2 Shock Absorption 7 7 5.2.1 Extent of Protection 17 5.2.2 Test Sites 77 5.2.3 Test Criteria 71 5.3 Retention System 77 5.3.1 Dynamic Impact Test 17 5.3.2 Stability Test 11 5.4 Extent and Form of Protective Material 72 6. T
15、est Methods 12 6.1 Equipment 12 6.1 .I Environment 72 6.1.2 System Accuracy 72 6.1.3 Impact Recording 72 6.1.4 Headforms 12 6.2 Sample Preparation 73 6.3 Helmet Conditioning 13 6.4 Shock Absorption 73 6.4.1 Apparatus 73 6.4.2 Method 14 6.5 Attachment of Retention System 74 6.5.1 Apparatus 74 6.5.2 M
16、ethod 74 7. Labels and Marking 75 7.1 Labels 75 7.2 Markings 75 7.3 Visors 76 8. Helmets for Use by Cyclists or Cycle Passengers Under the Age of Five Years 76 8.1 General 16 8.2 Test Requirements 76 8.2.1 Test Area 16 Cycling Helmets May 1996 (Replaces p. 3, September 1989) 3 Contents 8.2.2 Test Si
17、tes 16 8.2.3 Test Criteria (See Table 1) 16 8.3 Test Methods 16 8.3.1 Equipment 16 8.3.2 Shock Absorption MA 8.4 Labels and Marking 16A Tables 76B Figures 78 Appendix A - Bibliography 22 4 CAN/CSA-D113.2-M89 May 1996 (Replaces p. 4, September 1989) Tech ni cal Co m mitt ee Technical Committee ora Cy
18、cling Helmets W. Coffman Canadian Cycling Association, Toronto, Ontario Consumer Represen fa five Chairman D. Beames Ontario Cycling Association, Toronto, Ontario Consumer Representative P.J. Bishop University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario D. Bowman Outdoor Gear, Ville St. Laurent, Quebec M.S. Bros
19、s E.D. Bullard Company, SausaIito, California, USA Ontario Ministry of Transportation, Downsview H. Clarke S. Dextrare Helmtec Industries inc., Roxton Pond, Quebec C. Dussault RBgie de IAssurance Automobile du Quebec, Sillery D. Egan Toronto City Hall, Toronto, Ontario Representing Toronto. City Cyc
20、ling Committee Associate M.W. Hattin Ontario Ministry of Transportation, Compliance Branch, Downsview D. Hollingshead Alberta Cycling Association, Calgary S. James Aurora Cycles, Aurora, Ontario D. Jones Associate Cooper Canada ktd., Toronto, Ontario Mountain Equipment Co-op, Vancouver, British Colu
21、mbia D. Kunin D. Laidlaw Bicycling Association of British Columbia, Vancouver Consumes Representative 4A Cycling Helmets May 1996 Scope- Ref e rence Pub I kat io ns-Def i n i t i o ns Cycling Helmets 1. Scope 1 .I This Standard applies to helmets intended to provide protection for the heads of cycli
22、sts and defines the areas of the head that are to be protected. It covers the basic performance requirements for shock absorption and strength of the retention system. Marking and label requirements are also included. 1.2 Detachable visors are not covered in this Standard. 2. Reference Publications
23、This Standard refers to the following Publications: ISO/DIS* Standard Headforms for Use in the Testing of Protective Helmets. 6220-1 983, SAEt Standard Instrumentation for Impact Tests. J2f 1-JUN80, * lnte ma fional Standards Organiration/Draft International Standard. t Society of Automufive Enginee
24、rs. 3. Definitions 3.1 The following definitions apply in this Standard: Basic plane - a horizontal plane at the level of the external auditory meatus (external ear opening) and the inferior margin of the orbit (lower edge of the eye socket). See Figure 1. Cushioning material - soft material used to
25、 ensure a comfortable fit of the helmet on the head. Cyclist - any person operating a self-locomoted surface vehicle with one or more wheels. Gadd Severity Index (GSI) - the following formula: GSI = I a(tfm5 dt ti to Cycling Helmets May 1996 (Replaces p. 9, September 1989) 9 Definitions-General Cons
26、truction Requirements where 1 f0 a(t) = the acceleration vector in gravitational units (gs) = the integration interval covering the essential duration of the shock pulse Helmet - the outer shell, the inner fitting (eg, sizing foam), shock absorption system (ie, helmet liner), and the retention syste
27、m. Note: A helmet need not contain ail of these components. Helmet reference plane - a plane at a given distance above, and parallel to, the basic plane (see Figure 1). Retention system (eg, chin strap) - the system that is designed to keep the helmet firmly attached to the wearers head at all times
28、. Visor - an attachment to the helmet intended to reduce sun glare. 4. General Construction Requirements 4.1 Materials 4.1 .I All materials used in the fabrication of helmets should be known to be suitable for use in the design of protective cycling helmets. The materials should not undergo apprecia
29、ble alteration due to aging or normal use, such as exposure to sun, extremes of temperature, and rain. 4.1.2 For those parts of the helmet coming into contact with the wearers skin, the manufacturer should use materials that will not cause irritation or disease. For materials not in general use, med
30、ical advice as to their suitability should be sought before adoption. 4.2 HeImet Assembly 4.2.1 There shall be no rigid protrusions on the inner surface of the helmet liner. 4.2.2 Below the helmet reference plane, irregularities in the outer surface of the helmet shall be smoothly fai red. 4.3 Reten
31、tion System 4.3.1 The retention system shall be constructed such that when properly fastened and adjusted, the helmet will not readily dislodge from, or shift on the head. 4.3.2 The minimum width of the retention system straps shall be 12 mm. 4.4 Visors Visors shall be removeable and are not covered
32、 by this Standard. 10 CAN/CSA-D113.2-M89 May 1996 (Replaces p. 10, September 1989) Test Methods-Labels and Marking 6.5.2.2 The 2 kg mass shall be raised a sufficient height to impart an impact energy of 20 J and allowed to fall freely coming to rest against the steel end stop. The retention system s
33、hall not release and the distance “d“ in Figure 3 shall be observed for conformance with Clause 5.3.1 and recorded. This shall be done using four helmets, each conditioned under one of the requirements of Clauses 6.3(a), (b), (c), and (d). 6.5.2 . 3 During testing at low temperature as in Clause 6.3
34、(b), the fastening device (ie, clip) for retention shall be cycled five times (ie, opened and closed). 6.5.2.4 Stability Test (a) The posterior neck piece of the headform shall be attached on an appropriately sized headform (see Figure 1). The headform shall then be secured to a rigid fixture. (b) T
35、he helmet shall be positioned and secured onto the headform in accordance with the manufacturers instructions. (c) A hook mechanism shall be attached to the front lower edge of the helmet. A force of 250 N shall then be applied upwards at a constant rate, in the sagittal plane of the headform tangen
36、tially to the helmet. This force shall be maintained for a minimum period of 5 s. If the helmet moves more than 10 mm on the headform, the force shall be applied for a further 5 s. (d) This procedure shall be repeated with the hook mechanism attached to the rear edge of the he1 met. (e) The change i
37、n the angle subtended by the basic plane and a plane passing through point Q, tangent to the edge of the helmet where the force is being applied, shall be measured. 7. Labels and Marking 7.1 Labels 7.1 .I All cycling helmets offered for sale shall have a label or tag bearing safety information in bo
38、th English and French. The information label should contain statements similar to the following: (a) This helmet is designed solely for use by cyclists. (b) No helmet can protect the wearer against all possible impacts. For maximum protection this helmet shall be fitted properly and adjusted securel
39、y. 7.1.2 The manufacturer shall supply a label or tag giving instructions on how to fit the helmet properly. 7.2 Markings Ail helmets offered for sale shall bear the following permanent markings: (a) the manufacturers identity; (6) the helmet model identity; (c) the helmet size or size range; (d) th
40、e date of manufacture (year/month); (e) The following warning-“This helmet is designed to absorb the shock of an impact by partial destruction of the shell and liner. Following an accident, this damage may not be visible to the eye. Therefore, if subjected to a severe blow, the helmet should be dest
41、royed“. (f) The following warning-“This helmet should not be painted nor should decals be applied unless they are approved by the manufacturer, as they may weaken the shell structure“. (9) The approved list of cleaning agents should be included with the maintenance instructions. Cycling Helmets May
42、1996 (Replaces p. 15, June 1990) 15 Labels and Marking-Helmets for Use by Cyclists or Cycle Passengers Under the Age of Five Years 7.3 Visors If a visor is included with the helmet, information shall be included stating that the visor has not undergone testing to this Standard. The helmet is tested
43、without the visor attached. 8. Helmets for Use by Cyclists or Cycle Passengers Under the Age of Five Years 8.1 General Helmets for use by cyclists or cycle passengers under the age of five years shall meet the shock absorption requirements of Clause 8.2. 8.2 Test Requirements 8.2.1 Test Area The ent
44、ire area of the helmet above the test line stipulated in Clause 8.3.1.2 shall attenuate impact energy to the minimum requirements specified in Clause 8.2.3. 8.2.2 Test Sites 8.2.2.1 Each helmet shall be impacted four times, once at each of four separate sites onto a flat or cylindrical anvil (see Cl
45、ause 6.4.1 (d), (e), and (f) for specifications of the anvils and rigid mount). The centre of each impact site shall be selected at any point within the area above the test line and separated from the centres of the other impact sites by a surface distance of not less than one-fourth of the maximum
46、circumference of the helmet. 8.2.2.2 If there are mechanical fasteners in the test area, at least one of these shaIl be impacted. 8.2.2.3 There shall be at least one impact at the front, one impact at the rear, and one impact on one side of the helmet. The fourth impact site shall be chosen at the d
47、iscretion of the testing facility. 8.2.2.4 In each series of tests, there shall be at least two impacts of 5.7 m/s on the flat anvil and one impact of 4.7 m/s on the cylindrical anvil. 8.2.3 Test Criteria (See Table 1) When the helmet is tested in accordance with Clause 6.4.2 using the (a) flat anvi
48、l and an impact velocity of 5.7 m/s A 3%, the headform acceleration shall not exceed 200 g peak; and (b) cylindrical anvil and an impact velocity of 4.7 m/s * 3%, the headforrn acceleration shall not exceed 150 g peak. 8.3 Test Methods 8.3.1 Equipment 8.3.1 .I Apparatus The test headforms to be used
49、 shall be sizes A and E as referenced in Clause 6.1.4. The remaining apparatus for the shock absorption test shall be in accordance with Clause 6.4.1 with the following exceptions: 16 CAN/CSA-Dl13.2-M89 May 1996 (Replaces p. 16, June 1990) Helmets for Use by Cyclists or Cycle Passengers Under the Age of Five Years (a) the mass of the headform and support assembly for the A headform shall be 3.1 kg and (b) the mass of the headform and support assembly for the E headform shall be 4.1 kg *3%. The mass of the support assembly shall not exceed 1.25 kg. 8.3.1.2 Test Line Following
