1、National Standard of CanadaCAN/CSA-ISO/IEC 10746-4-01(ISO/IEC 10746-4:1998)International Standard ISO/IEC 10746-4:1998 (first edition, 1998-12-15), has been adopted withoutmodification as CSA Standard CAN/CSA-ISO/IEC 10746-4-01, which has been approved as a NationalStandard of Canada by the Standard
2、s Council of Canada.ISBN 1-55324-283-1 February 2001The Canadian Standards Association, which The Standards Council of Canada is theoperates under the name CSA International coordinating body of the National Standards system, (CSA), under whose auspices this National Standard has a federation of ind
3、ependent, autonomousbeen produced, was chartered in 1919 and accredited by organizations working towards the furtherthe Standards Council of Canada to the National development and improvement of voluntaryStandards system in 1973. It is a not-for-profit, standardization in the national interest.nonst
4、atutory, voluntary membership association The principal objects of the Council are to foster engaged in standards development and certification and promote voluntary standardization as a means activities. of advancing the national economy, benefiting theCSA standards reflect a national consensus of
5、producers health, safety, and welfare of the public, assisting and users including manufacturers, consumers, and protecting the consumer, facilitating domestic retailers, unions and professional organizations, and and international trade, and furthering internationalgovernmental agencies. The standa
6、rds are used widely cooperation in the field of standards.by industry and commerce and often adopted by A National Standard of Canada is a standard whichmunicipal, provincial, and federal governments in their has been approved by the Standards Council ofregulations, particularly in the fields of hea
7、lth, safety, Canada and one which reflects a reasonablebuilding and construction, and the environment. agreement among the views of a number of capableIndividuals, companies, and associations across Canada individuals whose collective interests provide to theindicate their support for CSAs standards
8、 development greatest practicable extent a balance ofby volunteering their time and skills to CSA Committee representation of producers, users, consumers, andwork and supporting the Associations objectives others with relevant interests, as may be appropriatethrough sustaining memberships. The more
9、than 7000 to the subject in hand. It normally is a standardcommittee volunteers and the 2000 sustaining which is capable of making a significant and timelymemberships together form CSAs total membership contribution to the national interest.from which its Directors are chosen. Sustaining Approval of
10、 a standard as a National Standard ofmemberships represent a major source of income for Canada indicates that a standard conforms to theCSAs standards development activities. criteria and procedures established by the StandardsThe Association offers certification and testing services Council of Cana
11、da. Approval does not refer to thein support of and as an extension to its standards technical content of the standard; this remains thedevelopment activities. To ensure the integrity of its continuing responsibility of the accreditedcertification process, the Association regularly and standards-dev
12、elopment organization.continually audits and inspects products that bear the Those who have a need to apply standards areCSA Mark. encouraged to use National Standards of CanadaIn addition to its head office and laboratory complex in whenever practicable. These standards are subject Toronto, CSA has
13、 regional branch offices in major centres to periodic review; therefore, users are cautioned across Canada and inspection and testing agencies in to obtain the latest edition from the organizationeight countries. Since 1919, the Association has preparing the standard.developed the necessary expertis
14、e to meet its corporate The responsibility for approving National Standards mission: CSA is an independent service organization of Canada rests with thewhose mission is to provide an open and effective forum Standards Council of Canadafor activities facilitating the exchange of goods and 270 Albert
15、Street, Suite 200services through the use of standards, certification and Ottawa, Ontario, K1P 6N7related services to meet national and international needs. CanadaFor further information on CSA services, write toCSA International178 Rexdale BoulevardToronto, Ontario, M9W 1R3CanadaLes normes national
16、es du Canada sont publies en versions franaise et anglaise.Although the intended primary application of this Standard is stated in its Scope, it is importantto note that it remains the responsibility of the users to judge its suitability for their particular purpose.Registered trade-mark of Canadian
17、 Standards AssociationInformation technology Open DistributedCAN/CSA-ISO/IEC 10746-4-01 Processing Reference Model: Architectural semanticsFebruary 2001 CSA/1CAN/CSA-ISO/IEC 10746-4-01Information technology OpenDistributed Processing ReferenceModel: Architectural semanticsCSA PrefaceStandards develo
18、pment within the Information Technology sector is harmonized with internationalstandards development. Through the CSA Technical Committee on Information Technology (TCIT),Canadians serve as the Canadian Advisory Committee (CAC) on ISO/IEC Joint Technical Committee 1 onInformation Technology (ISO/IEC
19、 JTC1) for the Standards Council of Canada (SCC), the ISO memberbody for Canada and sponsor of the Canadian National Committee of the IEC. Also, as a member of theInternational Telecommunication Union (ITU), Canada participates in the International Telegraph andTelephone Consultative Committee (ITU-
20、T).This International Standard was reviewed by the CSA TCIT under the jurisdiction of the StrategicSteering Committee on Information Technology and deemed acceptable for use in Canada. (Acommittee membership list is available on request from the CSA Project Manager.) From time to time,ISO/IEC may pu
21、blish addenda, corrigenda, etc. The CSA TCIT will review these documents for approvaland publication. For a listing, refer to the CSA Information Products catalogue or CSA Info Update orcontact a CSA Sales representative. This Standard has been formally approved, without modification, bythese Commit
22、tees and has been approved as a National Standard of Canada by the Standards Council ofCanada.February 2001 CSA International 2001All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form whatsoever without the prior permission ofthe publisher. ISO/IEC material is reprinted with
23、 permission. Inquiries regarding this National Standard of Canada shouldbe addressed to CSA International, 178 Rexdale Boulevard, Toronto, Ontario, M9W 1R3.G2cG31G37G28G35G31G24G37G2cG32G31G24G2f ISO/IECG36G37G24G31G27G24G35G27 G14G13G1aG17G19G10G17G29G4cG55G56G57 G48G47G4cG57G4cG52G51G14G1cG1cG1bG1
24、0G14G15G10G14G18ISO/IEC 10746-4:1998(E) ISO/IEC 1998All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic ormechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from the publisher.
25、ISO/IEC Copyright Office Case postale 56 CH-1211 Genve 20 SwitzerlandiiContents Page1 Scope 12 Normative references . 23 Definitions 23.1 Definitions from ISO/IEC 8807 23.2 Definitions from ITU-T Recommendation Z.100. 23.3 Definitions from the Z-Base Standard 33.4 Definitions from ISO/IEC 9074 34 In
26、terpretation of modelling concepts . 34.1 Architectural semantics in LOTOS. 34.2 Architectural semantics in ACT ONE 94.3 Architectural semantics in SDL-92. 154.4 Architectural semantics in Z. 204.5 Architectural semantics in ESTELLE. 25 ISO/IEC ISO/IEC 10746-4:1998(E)iiiForewordISO (the Internationa
27、l Organization for Standardization) and IEC (the International Electrotechnical Commission) formthe specialized system for worldwide standardization. National bodies that are members of ISO or IEC participate in thedevelopment of International Standards through technical committees established by th
28、e respective organization to dealwith particular fields of technical activity. ISO and IEC technical committees collaborate in fields of mutual interest.Other international organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO and IEC, also take part in thework.In the field of inform
29、ation technology, ISO and IEC have established a joint technical committee, ISO/IEC JTC 1. DraftInternational Standards adopted by the joint technical committee are circulated to national bodies for voting. Publicationas an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the national bo
30、dies casting a vote.International Standard ISO/IEC 10746-4 was prepared by Joint Technical Committee ISO/IEC JTC 1, Informationtechnology, Subcommittee SC 33, Distributed application services, in collaboration with ITU-T. The identical text ispublished as ITU-T Recommendation X.904.ISO/IEC 10746 con
31、sists of the following parts, under the general title Information technology Open DistributedProcessing Reference Model: Part 1: Overview Part 2: Foundations Part 3: Architecture Part 4: Architectural semanticsivIntroductionThis Recommendation | International Standard is an integral part of the ODP
32、Reference Model. It contains aformalisation of the ODP modeling concepts defined in ITU-T Rec. X.902 ISO/IEC 10746-2, clauses 8 and 9. Theformalisation is achieved by interpreting each concept in terms of the constructs of the different standardised formaldescription techniques.This Recommendation |
33、 International Standard is accompanied by an amendment and a technical report. The associatedamendment focuses on the formalisation of the computational viewpoint language contained in ITU-T Rec. X.903 |ISO/IEC 10746-3. The associated technical report contains examples on how the formalisation of th
34、e ODP ReferenceModel can be applied to develop specifications. ISO/IECISO/IEC 10746-4:1998(E),62 ,( ( 1,17(51$7,21$/ 67$1$5ISO/IEC 10746-4 : 1998 (E)ITU-T Rec. X.904 (1997 E),78 7 5( HQDEOLQJ RSHUDWRU ( ) ; GLVDEOLQJ RSHUDWRU (); FKRLFH RSHUDWRU () RI EHKDYLRXUV The composition of the EHKDYLRXU HSUH
35、VVLRQV associated with the component objects inthe creation of a composite object through composition. The operators for the composition of behavioursare the same as those for the composition of objects.( 5HILQHPHQWRefinement is the process by which an object may be modified, either by extending or
36、reducing its behaviour or acombination of both, so that it conforms to another object. Letting 3 and 4 be LOTOS processes, an HWHQVLRQ of 3 by 4(written as 4 HWHQGV 3) means that 4 has no less traces than 3, but in an environment whose traces are limited to thoseof 3, then 4 has the same deadlocks.
37、A UHGXFWLRQ of 3 by 4 (written as 4 UHGXFHV 3) means that 4 has no more tracesthan 3, but in an environment whose traces are limited to those of 4, then 3 has the same deadlocks.7UDFHA trace of the behaviour of an object from its initial instantiated state to some other state is a recording of the f
38、initesequence of interactions REVHUYDEOH HYHQWV between the object and its environment.7SH RI DQ ;!Types that can be written down explicitly in LOTOS for objects and interfaces are template types. There is no explicitconstruct in LOTOS that will permit the modeling of action types as such. A LOTOS s
39、pecification consists of aEHKDYLRXU HSUHVVLRQ which is itself composed of DFWLRQ GHQRWDWLRQV (action templates). These action templates eitheroccur as part of the behaviour of the system, in which case their occurrence may loosely be regarded as the actiontemplate instantiation, or they do not occur
40、, in which case the action template remains uninstantiated. The actiontemplates themselves may be given by the LQWHUQDO HYHQW symbol, L, or event offers at JDWHV which may or may not havefinite sequence of value and/or variable declarations.LOTOS does not offer facilities to characterise actions dir
41、ectly, however, a limited form of action characterisation isbuilt into the VQFKURQLVDWLRQ feature of LOTOS. That is, it might be considered that synchronised DFWLRQ GHQRWDWLRQV(action templates) must satisfy the same action type in order for the action to occur. However, LOTOS does not classifythe c
42、haracterising features of these arbitrary DFWLRQ GHQRWDWLRQV and thus it is not possible to put a formal type to anygiven action. It might be the case that informally the event offers involved in an interaction are given a cause and effectrole, but this is generally not the case. See 4.1.1.8.The LQW
43、HUQDO HYHQW symbol may be used to represent an action type, where the common characteristics of this collectionof actions are that they have no characteristics.It should be noted that by stating that the only predicate possible in LOTOS for objects (and interfaces) are that theysatisfy their templat
44、e type, the concepts of type and template type as given in ITU-T Rec. X.902 | ISO/IEC 10746-2reduce to the same modeling technique in LOTOS. Thus there is no distinction in LOTOS between a type in its broadcharacterisation sense, and a template type in its more restrictive sense of template instanti
45、ation.!The notion of class is dependent upon the characterising type predicate which the members of the class satisfy. Objects,interfaces and actions can satisfy many arbitrary characterising type predicates. A type that can be written down is atemplate type. When this is the case, the class of obje
46、cts, interfaces and actions associated with that type is the templateclass.NOTE It should be noted that by stating that the only classification possible in LOTOS for objects, interfaces and actions is thatthey satisfy their template type, the concepts of class and template class as given in ITU-T Re
47、c. X.902 | ISO/IEC 10746-2 reduceto the same modeling technique in LOTOS. Thus there is no distinction in LOTOS between a class in its general classificationsense, and a template class in its more restrictive sense as the set of instances of a given template type.6XEWSH 6XSHUWSHAs the types that can
48、 be written down in LOTOS for objects, interfaces and, to a lesser extent, actions, are templatetypes, a subtype relation in LOTOS is a relation that may exist between template types. In LOTOS, however, there existsno direct feature to write down subtyping relations directly. If subtyping is require
49、d then HWHQVLRQ can be used to give asubtype relation based on substitutability, however, this is not a feature explicitly provided for in LOTOS.6XEFODVV 6XSHUFODVVAs the types that can be written down in LOTOS for objects, interfaces and, to a lesser extent, actions, are templatetypes, a subclass relation exists between two classes when a subtyping relation exists between their correspondingtemplate types.,62 ,( ( 7;! 7HPSODWH 2EMHFW 7HPSODWH A SURFHVV GHILQLWLRQ with some means by which it can be uniquely identified
