1、National Standard of Canada CAN/CSA-ISO/IEC 1091 8-3-00 (I SO/IEC 1091 8-3: 1 997) CSA INTERNATIONAL / . International Standard ISO/IEC 10918-3:1997 (first edition 1997-05-01) has been adopted without modification as CSA Standard CAN/CSA-ISO/IEC 10918-3-00, which has been approved as a National Stan
2、dard of Canada by the Standards Council of Canada. ISBN 1-55324-092-8 March 2000 information technology - Digital compression and coding of continuous-tone still images: Extensions (Reaffirmed 2004) Technologies de Iinfonnation - Compression numerique et codage des images fixes de nature photogtaphi
3、que: Extensions Reference number ISOAEC 1091 8-3:1997( E) The Canadian Standards Association, which operates under the name CSA International (CSA), under whose auspices this National Standard has been produced, was chartered in 191 4 and accredited by the Standards Council of Canada to the National
4、 Standards system in 1973. It is a not-for-profit, nonstatutory, voluntary membership association engaged in standards development and certification activities. and users - including manufacturers, consumers, retailers, unions and professional organizations, and governmental agencies. The standards
5、are used widely by industry and commerce and often adopted by municipal, provincial, and federal governments in their regulations, particularly in the fields of health, safety, building and construction, and the environment. indicate their support for CSAs standards development by volunteering their
6、 time and skills to CSA Committee work and supporting the Associations objectives through sustaining memberships. The more than 7000 committee volunteers and the 2000 sustaining memberships together form CSAs total membership from which its Directors are chosen. Sustaining memberships represent a ma
7、jor source of income for CSAs standards development activities. in support of and as an extension to its standards development activities. To ensure the integrity of its certification process, the Association regularly and continually audits and inspects products that bear the CSA Mark. Toronto, CSA
8、 has regional branch offices in major centres across Canada and inspection and testing agencies in eight countries. Since 191 9, the Association has developed the necessary expertise to meet its corporate mission: CSA is an independent service organization whose mission is to provide an open and eff
9、ective forum for activities facilitating the exchange of goods and services through the use of standards, certification and related services to meet national and international needs. For futher information on CSA services, write to CSA International 178 Rexdale Boulevard Toronto, Ontario, M9W 1 R3 C
10、anada CSA standards reflect a national consensus of producers Individuals, companies, and associations across Canada The Association offers certification and testing services In addition to its head office and laboratory complex in The Standards Council of Canada is the coordinating body of the Nati
11、onal Standards system, a federation of independent, autonomous organizations working towards the further development and improvement of voluntary standardization in the national interest. The principal objects of the Council are to foster and promote voluntary standardization as a means of advancing
12、 the national economy, benefiting the health, safety, and welfare of the public, assisting and protecting the consumer, facilitating domestic and international trade, and furthering international cooperation in the field of standards. has been approved by the Standards Council of Canada and one whic
13、h reflects a reasonable agreement among the views of a number of capable individuals whose collective interests provide to the greatest practicable extent a balance of representation of producers, users, consumers, and others with relevant interests, as may be appropriate to the subject in hand. It
14、normally is a standard which is capable of making a significant and timely contribution to the national interest. Approval of a standard as a National Standard of Canada indicates that a standard conforms to the criteria and procedures established by the Standards Council of Canada. Approval does no
15、t refer to the technical content of the standard; this remains the continuing responsibility of the accredited standards-development organization. Those who have a need to apply standards are encouraged to use National Standards of Canada whenever practicable. These standards are subject to periodic
16、 review; therefore, users are cautioned to obtain the latest edition from the organization preparing the standard. The responsibility for approving National Standards of Canada rests with the Standards Council of Canada 45 OConnor Street, Suite 1200 Ottawa, Ontario, K1 P 6N7 Canada A National Standa
17、rd of Canada is a standard which CSA INTERNATIONAL c . Les normes nationales du Canada sont publi6es en versions frangaise et anglaise. Although the intended primary application of this Standard is stated in its Scope, it is important to note that it remains the responsibility of the users to judge
18、its suitability for their particular purpose. Information technology - Digital compression and coding of continuous-tone still imaqes: Extensions CAN/CSA-ISO/IEC 7091 8-3-00 CAN/CSA-ISO/IEC 1091 8-3-00 Information technozow - Di.taZ compression and coding of continuous-tone still images: Extensions
19、CSA Preface Standards development within the Information Technology sector is harmonized with international standards development. Through the CSA Technical Committee on Information Technology (TCIT), Canadians serve as the Canadian Advisory Committee (CAC) on ISO/IEC joint Technical Committee 1 on
20、Information Technology (ISO/IEC JTC1) for the Standards Council of Canada (SCC), the IS0 member body for Canada and sponsor of the Canadian National Committee of the IEC. Also, as a member of the International Telecommunication Union (ITU), Canada participates in the International Telegraph and Tele
21、phone Consultative Committee (ITU-T). This International Standard was reviewed by the CSA TCIT under the jurisdiction of the Strategic Steering Committee on Information Technology and deemed acceptable for use in Canada. (A committee membership list is available on request from the CSA Project Manag
22、er.) From time to time, ISO/IEC may publish addenda, corrigenda, etc. The CSA TCIT will review these documents for approval and publication. For a listing, refer to the CSA Information Products catalogue or CSA Info Update or contact a CSA Sales representative. This Standard has been formally approv
23、ed, without modification, by these Committees and has been approved as a National Standard of Canada by the Standards Council of Canada. March 2000 0 CSA lnternational - 2000 All rights resewed. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form whotsoever without the prior permission of the
24、publisher. ISO/lfC material is reprinted with permission. lnquiries regarding this National Standard of Canada should be addressed to CSA International, 7 78 Rexdale Boulevard, Toronto, Ontario, M9W 7 R3. March 2000 CSA/I INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISOAEC 1091 8-3 First edition 1997-05-01 Information te
25、chnology - Digital compression and coding of continuous-tone stili images: Extensions Technologies de linformation - Compression numenque et codage des images fixes de nature phofographique: Extensions Reference number ISOAEC 1091 8-37 997( E) ISOIIEC 10918-3:1997(E) Contents Page Scope .- ._._ ._ .
26、 ._ ._ . . _. . . . ._. ._ . .,. . . . . . . . ._. _._. . . . . ._. . . . . Normative references . . . . . ._. _. . ._. . -. . . . . . . _. . . . . . .- . . . ._. . . _. . . . . .-. . . ._ . ._. . . . ._. ._. _._. Definitions, abbreviations, symbols and conventions . General _._. ._ . _.-. ._. . . .
27、 . . ._ . _. . _ . . . . . ._ ._ . . . . 5 Compressed data format requirements . . . . . . ._. . . . _. . , . . . ._ ._ . ._ . . 6 Encoder requirements . _. . . _. . .,. . _. . .- . . ._. . ._. . . . * . . , ._. _. . _. . 7 Decoder requirements _._. ._._.I.I. . Annex A - Mathematical definitions . A
28、nnex 3 - Compressed data formats . Annex C -Variable quantization . Annex D - Selective refinement -.-.,.-.-.,.*.- Annex E - Tiling ._._._.-*.-_.-,.-.-.-,.-.-.-.-. Annex F - StiII Picture Interchange File Format (SPIFF) -.*. Annex G - Compliance testing . Annex H - Examples and guidelines ._._.I._._
29、._._. Annex 1 - Bibliography . - - . . . . . . . . . 0 ISOflEC 1997 All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means. electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing fr
30、om the publisher. lSOlIEC Copyright Office - Case postale 56 CH-121 1 Gentve 20 Switzerland i 1 2 6 10 10 11 12 14 28 31 34 39 57 72 80 11 0 ISO/IEC ISO/IEC 10918-3:1997(E) Foreword IS0 (the International Organization for Standardization) and IEC (the International Electrotechnical Commission) form
31、the specialized system for worldwide standardization. National bodies hat are members of IS0 or IEC participate in the development of International Standards through technical committees established by the respective organization to deal with particular fields of technical activity. IS0 and IEC tech
32、nical committees collaborate in fields of mutual interest. Other international organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with IS0 and IEC, also take part in the work. In the field of information technology, IS0 and IEC have established a joint technical committee, ISO/IEC JTC 1. D
33、raft International Standards adopted by the joint technical committee are circulated to national bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the national bodies casting a vote. International Standard ISO/IEC 109 18-3 was prepared by Joint Technic
34、al Committee ISO/IEC JTC 1, Information technology, Subcommittee SC 29, Coding of audio, picture, multimedia and hypermedia information, in collaboration with ETU-T. The identical text is published as ITU-T Rec. T.84. ISO/IEC 10418 consists of the following parts. under the general title Information
35、 technology - Digital compression and coding of continuous-tone still images: - Part I : Requirements and guidelines - Part 2: Compliance testing - Parr 3: Exrensions - Parr 4: Regisrration procedures for JPEG profile, APPn marker and SPIFF profile ID marker - Purr 5: MHEG subsei for base level impl
36、ementation Annexes A to C form an integral part of this part of ISOflEC 10918. Annexes H and I are for information onfy. ISO/IEC 10918-3:1997(3) ISOrnC Introduction This Recornmendation I International Standard, Digital compression and coding of continuous-tone still images, is published as three pa
37、rts: - - - CCITT Rec. T.8 1 I ISOEC I09 18- 1 : Requirements and guidelines; ITU-T Rec. T.83 1 ISOilEC 10918-2: Compliance testing; ITU-T Rec. T.84 1 ISO/IEC 10918-3: Extensions. This Recommendation International Standard sets out requirements and guidelines for encoding and decoding extensions to t
38、he processes defined by CCITT Rec. T.81 I ISODEC 10918-1, and for the coded representation of compressed image data of these extensions. This Recommendation j lnternational Standard aIso defines tests for determining whether implementations comply with the requirements for the various encoding and d
39、ecoding extensions. This Recommendation International Standard: defines extensions including variable quantization, selective refinemen 1, the order of intedeaved components in the MCU is Csl first, Cs2 second, etc. If Ns 1, the following restriction shall be placed on the image components contained
40、 in the scan: For compressed data streams which do not Recommendation I International Standard: Ns c 3x5 j= I For compressed data streams which use Recommendation I International Standard: Ns 4x5 j= 1 - Tdj: - Ta,: - ss: - Se: use the 20 blocks per MCU extension defined in this 5 10 the 20 blocks pe
41、r MCU extension defined in this s 20 where Hj and Vj are the horizontal and vertical sampling factors for scan component j. These sampling factors are specified in the frame header for component i, where i is the frame component index for which kame component identifier Ci matches scan component sel
42、ector Cs,. As an example, consider an image having 3 components with maximum dimensions of 512 lines and 5 12 samples per line, and with the following sampling factors: Component 0 HO = 4, vo = 1 Component 1 H1 = 1, V = 2 Component2 H2 = 2, v2 = 2 Then the summation of Hj x Vj is (4 x 1) + (1 x 2) +
43、 (2 x 2) = 10. The value of Cs, shall be different fiom the values of Csl to CSj - 1, DC entropy coding table destination selector - Specifies one of four possible DC entropy coding table destinations fiom which the entropy table needed for decoding of the DC coefficients of component CSj is retriev
44、ed. The DC enrropy table shall have been installed in this destination (see B.2.4.2 and B.2.4.3 in CCITTRec. T.81 I ISODEC 10918-1) by the time the decoder is ready to decode the current scan. This parameter specifies the entropy coding table destination for the lossless processes. AC entropy coding
45、 table destination selector - Specifies one of four possible AC entropy coding table destinations fiom which the entropy table needed for decoding of the AC coefficients of component Cs, is retrieved. The AC entropy table selected shalI have been installed in this destination (see B.2.4.2 and B.2.4.
46、3 CCITT Rec. T.81 I ISO/IEC 10918-1) by the time the decoder is ready to decode the current scan. This parameter is zero for the lossless processes. Start of spectral or predictor selection - In the DCT modes of operation, this parameter specifies the first DCT coefficient in each block in zigzag or
47、der which shall be coded in the scan. This parameter shall be set to zero for the sequential DCT processes. In the lossless mode of operations this parameter is used to select the predictor. End of spectral selection - Specifies the last DCT coefficient in each block in zigzag order whch shall be co
48、ded in the scan. This parameter shall be set to 63 for the sequential DCT processes. In the lossless mode of operations this parameter has no meaning. It shall be set to zero. ITU-T Rec. T.84 (1996 E) 17 ISO/IEC 10918-3 : 1997 ) Ls Ns C sj Tdj Taj ss Se Ah A! - Ah: Values Sequential DCT Progressive
49、DCT Lossless Baseline Extended 16 6+2rNs 8 I -4 8 0-2Sa) 4 0- 1 0-3 0-3 0-3 4 0- I 0-3 0-3 0 8 0 0 0-63 1 -7b) 8 63 63 SS-63) 0 4 0 0 0-13 0 4 0 0 0-13 0-15 J - Al: Successive approximation bit position high - This parameter specifies the point rransfom used in the preceding scan (i.e. successive approximation bit position low in the preceding scan) for the band of coefficients specified by SS and Se. This parameter shall be set to zero for the first scan of each band of coefficients. In the lossless mode of operations this
