1、Reference numberISO/IEC 13660:2001(E)ISO/IEC 2001Information technology Officeequipment Measurement of imagequality attributes for hardcopy output Binary monochrome text and graphicimagesTechnologies de linformation quipement de bureau Mesurage desattributs de qualit dimage pour copies papier Texte
2、monochromebinaire et images graphiquesNational Standard of CanadaCAN/CSA-ISO/IEC 13660:02(ISO/IEC 13660:2001)International Standard ISO/IEC 13660:2001 (first edition, 2001-09-01) has been adopted withoutmodification (IDT) as CSA Standard CAN/CSA-ISO/IEC 13660:02, which has been approved as a Nationa
3、lStandard of Canada by the Standards Council of Canada.ISBN 1-55324-973-9 December 2002The Canadian Standards Association (CSA), The Standards Council of Canada is theunder whose auspices this National Standard has been coordinating body of the National Standards system, produced, was chartered in 1
4、919 and accredited by a federation of independent, autonomousthe Standards Council of Canada to the National organizations working towards the furtherStandards system in 1973. It is a not-for-profit, development and improvement of voluntarynonstatutory, voluntary membership association standardizati
5、on in the national interest.engaged in standards development and certification The principal objects of the Council are to foster activities. and promote voluntary standardization as a means CSA standards reflect a national consensus of of advancing the national economy, benefiting theproducers and
6、users including manufacturers, health, safety, and welfare of the public, assisting consumers, retailers, unions and professional and protecting the consumer, facilitating domestic organizations, and governmental agencies. The and international trade, and furthering internationalstandards are used w
7、idely by industry and commerce cooperation in the field of standards.and often adopted by municipal, provincial, and A National Standard of Canada is a standard whichfederal governments in their regulations, particularly has been approved by the Standards Council ofin the fields of health, safety, b
8、uilding and Canada and one which reflects a reasonableconstruction, and the environment. agreement among the views of a number of capableIndividuals, companies, and associations across individuals whose collective interests provide to theCanada indicate their support for CSAs standards greatest prac
9、ticable extent a balance ofdevelopment by volunteering their time and skills to representation of producers, users, consumers, andCSA Committee work and supporting the Associations others with relevant interests, as may be appropriateobjectives through sustaining memberships. The to the subject in h
10、and. It normally is a standardmore than 7000 committee volunteers and the 2000 which is capable of making a significant and timelysustaining memberships together form CSAs total contribution to the national interest.membership from which its Directors are chosen. Approval of a standard as a National
11、 Standard ofSustaining memberships represent a major source of Canada indicates that a standard conforms to theincome for CSAs standards development activities. criteria and procedures established by the StandardsThe Association offers certification and testing Council of Canada. Approval does not r
12、efer to theservices in support of and as an extension to its technical content of the standard; this remains thestandards development activities. To ensure the continuing responsibility of the accreditedintegrity of its certification process, the Association standards-development organization.regula
13、rly and continually audits and inspects products Those who have a need to apply standards arethat bear the CSA Mark. encouraged to use National Standards of CanadaIn addition to its head office and laboratory complex whenever practicable. These standards are subject in Toronto, CSA has regional bran
14、ch offices in major to periodic review; therefore, users are cautioned centres across Canada and inspection and testing to obtain the latest edition from the organizationagencies in eight countries. Since 1919, the preparing the standard.Association has developed the necessary expertise to The respo
15、nsibility for approving National Standards meet its corporate mission: CSA is an independent of Canada rests with theservice organization whose mission is to provide an Standards Council of Canadaopen and effective forum for activities facilitating the 270 Albert Street, Suite 200exchange of goods a
16、nd services through the use of Ottawa, Ontario, K1P 6N7standards, certification and related services to meet Canadanational and international needs.For further information on CSA services, write toCanadian Standards Association5060 Spectrum Way, Suite 100Mississauga, Ontario, L4W 5N6CanadaAlthough t
17、he intended primary application of this Standard is stated in its Scope, it is importantto note that it remains the responsibility of the users to judge its suitability for their particular purpose.Registered trade-mark of Canadian Standards AssociationCAN/CSA-ISO/IEC 13660:02 attributes for hardcop
18、y output Binary monochrome text and graphic imagesInformation technology Office equipment Measurement of image qualityDecember 2002 Canadian Standards Association CSA/1CAN/CSA-ISO/IEC 13660:02Information technology Officeequipment Measurement of imagequality attributes for hardcopyoutput Binary mono
19、chrome textand graphic imagesCSA PrefaceStandards development within the Information Technology sector is harmonized with internationalstandards development. Through the CSA Technical Committee on Information Technology (TCIT),Canadians serve as the Canadian Advisory Committee (CAC) on ISO/IEC Joint
20、 Technical Committee 1 onInformation Technology (ISO/IEC JTC1) for the Standards Council of Canada (SCC), the ISO memberbody for Canada and sponsor of the Canadian National Committee of the IEC. Also, as a member of theInternational Telecommunication Union (ITU), Canada participates in the Internati
21、onal Telegraph andTelephone Consultative Committee (ITU-T).This International Standard was reviewed by the CSA TCIT under the jurisdiction of the StrategicSteering Committee on Information Technology and deemed acceptable for use in Canada. (Acommittee membership list is available on request from th
22、e CSA Project Manager.) From time to time,ISO/IEC may publish addenda, corrigenda, etc. The CSA TCIT will review these documents for approvaland publication. For a listing, refer to the CSA Information Products catalogue or CSA Info Update orcontact a CSA Sales representative. This Standard has been
23、 formally approved, without modification, bythe Technical Committee and has been approved as a National Standard of Canada by the StandardsCouncil of Canada.December 2002 Canadian Standards Association 2002All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form whatsoever with
24、out the priorpermission of the publisher. ISO/IEC material is reprinted with permission. Where the words “thisInternational Standard” appear in the text, they should be interpreted as “this National Standard ofCanada”. Inquiries regarding this National Standard of Canada should be addressed to Canad
25、ian Standards Association 5060 Spectrum Way, Suite 100, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada L4W 5N6 1-800-463-6727 416-747-4044www.csa.caReference numberISO/IEC 13660:2001(E)ISO/IEC 2001INTERNATIONALSTANDARDISO/IEC13660First edition2001-09-01Information technology Officeequipment Measurement of imagequalit
26、y attributes for hardcopy output Binary monochrome text and graphicimagesTechnologies de linformation quipement de bureau Mesurage desattributs de qualit dimage pour copies papier Texte monochromebinaire et images graphiquesISO/IEC 13660:2001(E)PDF disclaimerThis PDF file may contain embedded typefa
27、ces. In accordance with Adobes licensing policy, this file may be printed or viewed but shall notbe edited unless the typefaces which are embedded are licensed to and installed on the computer performing the editing. In downloading thisfile, parties accept therein the responsibility of not infringin
28、g Adobes licensing policy. The ISO Central Secretariat accepts no liability in thisarea.Adobe is a trademark of Adobe Systems Incorporated.Details of the software products used to create this PDF file can be found in the General Info relative to the file; the PDF-creation parameterswere optimized fo
29、r printing. Every care has been taken to ensure that the file is suitable for use by ISO member bodies. In the unlikely eventthat a problem relating to it is found, please inform the Central Secretariat at the address given below. ISO/IEC 2001All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part
30、of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronicor mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member bodyin the country of the requester.ISO copyright officeCase postale 56 Gb7
31、CH-1211 Geneva 20Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11Fax + 41 22 749 09 47E-mail copyrightiso.chWeb www.iso.chii ISO/IEC 2001 All rights reservedISO/IEC 13660:2001(E) ISO/IEC 2001 All rights reserved iiiContents PageForewordvIntroductionvi1 Scope 12 Normative references 13 Terms and definitions .24 Report of resu
32、lts and sampling scheme .44.1 Report of results 44.1.1 Test identification information .44.1.2 Instrument system.44.1.3 Compliance.44.1.4 Sampling scheme 44.1.5 Results 44.2 Sampling of pages.54.3 Sampling of images.64.3.1 Discretionary sampling .64.3.2 Random sampling64.3.3 Whole page sampling75 At
33、tributes and their measures85.1 Schema of attributes .85.2 Large area density attributes85.2.1 Darkness, large area85.2.2 Background haze.95.2.3 Graininess 105.2.4 Mottle 115.2.5 Extraneous marks, background.115.2.6 Voids .125.3 Character and line attributes125.3.1 Blurriness .135.3.2 Raggedness135.
34、3.3 Line width .145.3.4 Darkness, character 145.3.5 Contrast 155.3.6 Fill155.3.7 Extraneous marks, character field.165.3.8 Background haze, character field 176 System compliance .186.1 Compliance standard 186.2 Instrument 186.3 Test objects186.3.1 Specification for production of lines .186.4 Goal Va
35、lues 19Annex A (normative) Bitmaps for compliance test lines 20Annex B (normative) Hardware compliance test .24B.1 Density measurements .24B.1.1 Compliance standard 24B.1.2 Test objects24B.2 Spatial measurements.24B.2.1 Compliance standard 24ISO/IEC 13660:2001(E)iv ISO/IEC 2001 All rights reservedB.
36、2.2 Test objects 24Annex C (informative) How to use this International Standard 25C.1 Conditions 25C.2 Procedure .25C.3 Sample programs.27ISO/IEC 13660:2001(E) ISO/IEC 2001 All rights reserved vForewordISO (the International Organization for Standardization) and IEC (the International Electrotechnic
37、al Commission)form the specialized system for worldwide standardization. National bodies that are members of ISO or IECparticipate in the development of International Standards through technical committees established by therespective organization to deal with particular fields of technical activity
38、. ISO and IEC technical committeescollaborate in fields of mutual interest. Other international organizations, governmental and non-governmental, inliaison with ISO and IEC, also take part in the work.International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, P
39、art 3.In the field of information technology, ISO and IEC have established a joint technical committee, ISO/IEC JTC 1.Draft International Standards adopted by the joint technical committee are circulated to national bodies for voting.Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at l
40、east 75 % of the national bodies casting a vote.Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this International Standard may be the subject ofpatent rights. ISO and IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.International Standard ISO/IEC 13
41、660 was prepared by Joint Technical Committee ISO/IEC JTC 1, Informationtechnology, Subcommittee SC 28, Office equipment.Annexes A and B form a normative part of this International Standard. Annex C is for information only.ISO/IEC 13660:2001(E)vi ISO/IEC 2001 All rights reservedIntroductionThis Inte
42、rnational Standard is designed to help a quality control engineer evaluate the quality of prints from officeimaging systems.In traditional imaging systems (such as ink-on-paper printing), an image is evaluated by comparison to an originalor master version of that image. In many electronic imaging sy
43、stems, however, the image is created digitally withinthe system. There is no hardcopy master and so there can be no evaluation by comparison in the ordinary way.Often, those who operate electronic imaging systems ensure good image quality by controlling the imagingprocess. They use test targets and
44、reference images to evaluate the performance of the system.If it is not possible to control image quality by controlling the imaging process and if no test target or referenceimage is available, we can rely only on direct evaluation of properties of the image itself.To perform intrinsic evaluations
45、of image quality, we must consider the nature of an image that is output. An imageis some organization of information in space. We assume that these signals have some purpose or are makingsome attempt at communication. Good image quality means that the image is legible (the organization andinformati
46、on can be interpreted) and that it has a pleasing appearance.Our goals in developing this International Standard were to compile a list of image attributes that (taken together)correlate to human perception of print quality and to develop measurement methods for these attributes that can beautomated
47、 and carried out on a simple system.Legibility and appearance have several aspects:Detail can be detected easily.Image elements are well isolated from the background.The image has a minimum of gross defects.The imaging system has good geometric fidelity.Not all these factors can be covered by evalua
48、tion of intrinsic, quantitative image quality attributes. Many of themhave a large psychological or cultural component that is difficult to evaluate.A print made with large optical reduction or one that is out of focus might still have excellent edge quality (and betotally lacking in gross defects,
49、banding, noise, etc.) and yet be illegible. This could occur primarily because of thehigh process gamma (contrast) that is characteristic of many xerographic processes. Thus, the process canproduce apparently sharp edges in spite of the loss in resolution. Without a resolution target of some kind, theextent of the resolution loss, and hence legibility, may not be known.The purpose of this International Standard is to present a set of objective, measurable attributes that give somecorrelation to the perceived qu
