1、Information technology Coding of audio-visual objects Part 16: Animation Framework eXtension (AFX)CAN/CSA-ISO/IEC 14496-16:13(ISO/IEC 14496-16:2011, IDT)National Standard of CanadaNOT FOR RESALE. / PUBLICATION NON DESTINE LA REVENTE.Legal Notice for StandardsCanadian Standards Association (operating
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21、a L4W 5N61-800-463-6727 416-747-4044Visit our Online Store at shop.csa.caApproved byStandards Council of CanadaCAN/CSA-ISO/IEC 14496-16:13Information technology Coding of audio-visual objects Part 16: Animation Framework eXtension (AFX)Prepared by International Organization for Standardization/ Inte
22、rnational Electrotechnical CommissionReviewed byCAN/CSA-ISO/IEC 14496-16:13Information technology Coding of audio-visual objects Part 16: Animation Framework eXtension (AFX)CSA/4 2013 CSA Group January 2013CAN/CSA-ISO/IEC 14496-16:13Information technology Coding of audio-visual objects Part 16: Anim
23、ation Framework eXtension (AFX)CSA PrefaceStandards development within the Information Technology sector is harmonized with international standards development. Through the CSA Technical Committee on Information Technology (TCIT), Canadians serve as the Canadian Advisory Committee (CAC) on ISO/IEC J
24、oint Technical Committee 1 on Information Technology (ISO/IEC JTC1) for the Standards Council of Canada (SCC), the ISO member body for Canada and sponsor of the Canadian National Committee of the IEC. Also, as a member of the International Telecommunication Union (ITU), Canada participates in the In
25、ternational Telegraph and Telephone Consultative Committee (ITU-T).This Standard supersedes CAN/CSA-ISO/IEC 14496-16-10 (adoption of ISO/IEC 14496-16:2009).At the time of publication, ISO/IEC 14496-16:2011 is available from ISO and IEC in English only. CSAGroup will publish the French version when i
26、t becomes available from ISO and IEC.This International Standard was reviewed by the TCIT under the jurisdiction of the Strategic Steering Committee on Information Technology and deemed acceptable for use in Canada. From time to time, ISO/IEC may publish addenda, corrigenda, etc. The TCIT will revie
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31、and include “Proposal for change” in the subject line:(a) Standard designation (number);(b) relevant clause, table, and/or figure number;(c) wording of the proposed change; and(d) rationale for the change.Reference numberISO/IEC 14496-16:2011(E)ISO/IEC 2011INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/IEC14496-16Fourt
32、h edition2011-11-01Information technology Coding of audio-visual objects Part 16: Animation Framework eXtension (AFX) Technologies de linformation Codage des objets audiovisuels Partie 16: Extension du cadre danimation (AFX) ISO/IEC 14496-16:2011(E) COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO/IEC 2011 All righ
33、ts reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the
34、 requester. ISO copyright office Case postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20 Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11 Fax + 41 22 749 09 47 E-mail copyrightiso.org Web www.iso.org ii ISO/IEC 2011 All rights reservedCAN/CSA-ISO/IEC 14496-16:13ISO/IEC 14496-16:2011(E) ISO/IEC 2011 All rights reserved iiiContents Page Foreword .
35、v 1 Scope 1 2 Normative references 1 3 Symbols and abbreviated terms 1 4 3D Graphics Primitives . 3 4.1 Introduction 3 4.2 The AFX place within computer animation framework . 4 4.3 Geometry tools 6 4.4 Texture tools 48 4.5 Animation tools . 60 4.6 Rendering tools . 73 5 3D Graphics compression tools
36、 75 5.1 Introduction 75 5.2 Geometry tools 75 5.3 Texture tools 206 5.4 Animation tools . 221 5.5 Generic tools 258 6 AFX object codes 273 7 3D Graphics Profiles . 274 7.1 Introduction 274 7.2 “Graphics“ Dimension 274 7.3 “Scene Graph“ Dimension . 278 7.4 “3D Compression“ Dimension . 282 8 XMT repre
37、sentation for AFX tools . 288 8.1 AFX nodes 288 8.2 AFX encoding hints . 288 8.3 AFX encoding parameters 289 8.4 AFX decoder specific info 292 8.5 XMT for Bone-based Animation . 293 Annex A (normative) Wavelet Mesh Decoding Process . 298 Annex B (normative) MeshGrid Representation 302 Annex C (infor
38、mative) MeshGrid representation . 312 Annex D (informative) Solid representation . 315 Annex E (informative) Face and Body animation: XMT compliant animation and encoding parameter file format . 322 Annex F (normative) Local refinements for MultiResolution FootPrint-Based Representation . 328 Annex
39、G (informative) Partition Encoding for FAMC 330 Annex H (informative) Animation Weights Encoding for FAMC 331 Annex I (normative) Layered decomposition for FAMC . 332 Annex J (normative) Reconstruction of values from decoded prediction errors with LD technique for FAMC 340 Annex K (normative) CABAC
40、definitions, basic functions, and binarizations (as used for FAMC) . 343 CAN/CSA-ISO/IEC 14496-16:13ISO/IEC 14496-16:2011(E) iv ISO/IEC 2011 All rights reservedAnnex L (normative) Node coding tables 349 Annex M (Informative) SC3DMC Encoding Process . 350 Annex N (informative) QBCR Encoding Process 3
41、51 Annex O (informative) SVA Encoding Process . 352 Annex P (informative) TFAN Encoding Process . 356 Annex Q (informative) Prediction Process 363 Annex R (informative) BPC process . 370 Annex S (informative) 4C Process 373 Annex T (informative) AC/EGk Process . 377 Annex U (informative) Patent Stat
42、ements 380 Bibliography . 381 CAN/CSA-ISO/IEC 14496-16:13ISO/IEC 14496-16:2011(E) ISO/IEC 2011 All rights reserved vForeword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) and IEC (the International Electrotechnical Commission) form the specialized system for worldwide standardization. Nat
43、ional bodies that are members of ISO or IEC participate in the development of International Standards through technical committees established by the respective organization to deal with particular fields of technical activity. ISO and IEC technical committees collaborate in fields of mutual interes
44、t. Other international organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO and IEC, also take part in the work. In the field of information technology, ISO and IEC have established a joint technical committee, ISO/IEC JTC 1. International Standards are drafted in accordance with th
45、e rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of the joint technical committee is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the joint technical committee are circulated to national bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard require
46、s approval by at least 75 % of the national bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO and IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO/IEC 14496-16 was prepa
47、red by Joint Technical Committee ISO/IEC JTC 1, Information technology, Subcommittee SC 29, Coding of audio, picture, multimedia and hypermedia information. This fourth edition cancels and replaces the third edition (ISO/IEC 14496-16:2009) which has been technically revised. ISO/IEC 14496 consists o
48、f the following parts, under the general title Information technology Coding of audio-visual objects: Part 1: Systems Part 2: Visual Part 3: Audio Part 4: Conformance testing Part 5: Reference software Part 6: Delivery Multimedia Integration Framework (DMIF) Part 7: Optimized reference software for
49、coding of audio-visual objects Technical Report Part 8: Carriage of ISO/IEC 14496 contents over IP networks Part 9: Reference hardware description Part 10: Advanced Video Coding Part 11: Scene description and application engine Part 12: ISO base media file format Part 13: Intellectual Property Management and Protection (
