1、Reference numberISO/IEC 16485:2000(E)ISO/IEC 2000Information technology Mixed RasterContent (MRC)Technologies de linformation Contenu des rasters-multiples (MRC)National Standard of CanadaCAN/CSA-ISO/IEC 16485:04(ISO/IEC 16485:2000)International Standard ISO/IEC 16485:2000 (first edition, 2000-09-15
2、) has been adopted withoutmodification (IDT) as CSA Standard CAN/CSA-ISO/IEC 16485:04, which has been approved as a NationalStandard of Canada by the Standards Council of Canada.ISBN 1-55397-752-1 December 2004The Canadian Standards Association (CSA), under whose auspices this National Standard has
3、been produced, was chartered in 1919 and accredited by the Standards Council of Canada to the National Standards system in 1973. It is a not-for-profit, nonstatutory, voluntary membership association engaged in standards development and certification activities. CSA standards reflect a national cons
4、ensus of producers and users including manufacturers, consumers, retailers, unions and professional organizations, and governmental agencies. The standards are used widely by industry and commerce and often adopted by municipal, provincial, and federal governments in their regulations, particularly
5、in the fields of health, safety, building and construction, and the environment. Individuals, companies, and associations across Canada indicate their support for CSAs standards development by volunteering their time and skills to CSA Committee work and supporting the Associations objectives through
6、 sustaining memberships. The more than 7000 committee volunteers and the 2000 sustaining memberships together form CSAs total membership from which its Directors are chosen. Sustaining memberships represent a major source of income for CSAs standards development activities. The Association offers ce
7、rtification and testing services in support of and as an extension to its standards development activities. To ensure the integrity of its certification process, the Association regularly and continually audits and inspects products that bear the CSA Mark. In addition to its head office and laborato
8、ry complex in Toronto, CSA has regional branch offices in major centres across Canada and inspection and testing agencies in eight countries. Since 1919, the Association has developed the necessary expertise to meet its corporate mission: CSA is an independent service organization whose mission is t
9、o provide an open and effective forum for activities facilitating the exchange of goods and services through the use of standards, certification and related services to meet national and international needs.For further information on CSA services, write toCanadian Standards Association5060 Spectrum
10、Way, Suite 100Mississauga, Ontario, L4W 5N6CanadaThe Standards Council of Canada is the coordinating body of the National Standards system, a federation of independent, autonomous organizations working towards the further development and improvement of voluntary standardization in the national inter
11、est. The principal objects of the Council are to foster and promote voluntary standardization as a means of advancing the national economy, benefiting the health, safety, and welfare of the public, assisting and protecting the consumer, facilitating domestic and international trade, and furthering i
12、nternational cooperation in the field of standards. A National Standard of Canada is a standard which has been approved by the Standards Council of Canada and one which reflects a reasonable agreement among the views of a number of capable individuals whose collective interests provide to the greate
13、st practicable extent a balance of representation of producers, users, consumers, and others with relevant interests, as may be appropriate to the subject in hand. It normally is a standard which is capable of making a significant and timely contribution to the national interest. Approval of a stand
14、ard as a National Standard of Canada indicates that a standard conforms to the criteria and procedures established by the Standards Council of Canada. Approval does not refer to the technical content of the standard; this remains the continuing responsibility of the accredited standards development
15、organization. Those who have a need to apply standards are encouraged to use National Standards of Canada whenever practicable. These standards are subject to periodic review; therefore, users are cautioned to obtain the latest edition from the organization preparing the standard.The responsibility
16、for approving National Standards of Canada rests with theStandards Council of Canada270 Albert Street, Suite 200Ottawa, Ontario, K1P 6N7CanadaAlthough the intended primary application of this Standard is stated in its Scope, it is importantto note that it remains the responsibility of the users to j
17、udge its suitability for their particular purpose.Registered trade-mark of Canadian Standards AssociationCAN/CSA-ISO/IEC 16485:04 Information technology Mixed Raster Content (MRC)December 2004 Canadian Standards Association CSA/1CAN/CSA-ISO/IEC 16485:04Information technology Mixed Raster Content (MR
18、C)CSA PrefaceStandards development within the Information Technology sector is harmonized with international standards development. Through the CSA Technical Committee on Information Technology (TCIT), Canadians serve as the Canadian Advisory Committee (CAC) on ISO/IEC Joint Technical Committee 1 on
19、 Information Technology (ISO/IEC JTC1) for the Standards Council of Canada (SCC), the ISO member body for Canada and sponsor of the Canadian National Committee of the IEC. Also, as a member of the International Telecommunication Union (ITU), Canada participates in the International Telegraph and Tel
20、ephone Consultative Committee (ITU-T).This International Standard was reviewed by the CSA TCIT under the jurisdiction of the Strategic Steering Committee on Information Technology and deemed acceptable for use in Canada. (A committee membership list is available on request from the CSA Project Manag
21、er.) From time to time, ISO/IEC may publish addenda, corrigenda, etc. The CSA TCIT will review these documents for approval and publication. For a listing, refer to the CSA Information Products catalogue or CSA Info Update or contact a CSA Sales representative. This Standard has been formally approv
22、ed as a National Standard of Canada by the Standards Council of Canada.December 2004 Canadian Standards Association 2004All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form whatsoever without the prior permission ofthe publisher. ISO/IEC material is reprinted with permissio
23、n. Where the words “this International Standard” appear in the text, they should be interpreted as “this National Standard of Canada”.Inquiries regarding this National Standard of Canada should be addressed toCanadian Standards Association5060 Spectrum Way, Suite 100, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada L4
24、W 5N61-800-463-6727 416-747-4044www.csa.caReference numberISO/IEC 16485:2000(E)ISO/IEC 2000INTERNATIONALSTANDARDISO/IEC16485First edition2000-09-15Information technology Mixed RasterContent (MRC)Technologies de linformation Contenu des rasters-multiples (MRC)ISO/IEC 16485:2000(E)PDF disclaimerThis P
25、DF file may contain embedded typefaces. In accordance with Adobes licensing policy, this file may be printed or viewed but shall notbe edited unless the typefaces which are embedded are licensed to and installed on the computer performing the editing. In downloading thisfile, parties accept therein
26、the responsibility of not infringing Adobes licensing policy. The ISO Central Secretariat accepts no liability in thisarea.Adobe is a trademark of Adobe Systems Incorporated.Details of the software products used to create this PDF file can be found in the General Info relative to the file; the PDF-c
27、reation parameterswere optimized for printing. Every care has been taken to ensure that the file is suitable for use by ISO member bodies. In the unlikely eventthat a problem relating to it is found, please inform the Central Secretariat at the address given below. ISO/IEC 2000All rights reserved. U
28、nless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronicor mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member bodyin the country of the requester.ISO c
29、opyright officeCase postale 56 Gb7 CH-1211 Geneva 20Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11Fax + 41 22 749 09 47E-mail copyrightiso.chWeb www.iso.chii ISO/IEC 2000 All rights reservedISO/IEC 16485:2000(E) ISO/IEC 2000 All rights reserved iiiCONTENTSPageForeword ivIntroduction and background. v1 Scope 12 References 1
30、3 Definitions 24 Conventions 35 Image representation 36 Stripe structure . 46.1 Three-layer stripe (3LS) .46.2 Two-layer stripe (2LS) .46.3 One-layer stripe (1LS) 57 Image coding 57.1 Spatial resolution 57.2 Stripe width and layer width 57.3 Stripe height and layer height. 67.4 Layer combination 68
31、Layer transmission order 69 Data format. 69.1 Overview 69.2 Page data structure . 79.2.1 Start of page marker segment. 79.2.2 Optional marker segments 99.2.2.1 Layer base colour gamut range marker segment (OMSg), MRC10 entry . 99.2.2.2 Layer base colour illuminant marker segment (OMSi), MRC11 entry
32、109.2.2.3 MRC3 to MRC9 and MRC12 to MRC254 entry for future extensions. 119.2.3 TN (Termination Number) . 119.3 Stripe data structure 119.4 EOP (End of Page) .139.5 Layer data structure 139.6 Data format summary. 139.6.1 High-level data format summary 139.6.2 Detail data format summary. 13Annex A -
33、Mixed Raster Content (MRC) Modes 2 and 3. 22ISO/IEC 16485:2000(E)iv ISO/IEC 2000 All rights reservedForewordISO (the International Organization for Standardization) and IEC (the International ElectrotechnicalCommission) form the specialized system for worldwide standardization. National bodies that
34、aremembers of ISO or IEC participate in the development of International Standards through technicalcommittees established by the respective organization to deal with particular fields of technical activity.ISO and IEC technical committees collaborate in fields of mutual interest. Other internationa
35、lorganizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO and IEC, also take part in thework.International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 3.In the field of information technology, ISO and IEC have established a joint technical co
36、mmittee,ISO/IEC JTC 1. Draft International Standards adopted by the joint technical committee are circulated tonational bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % ofthe national bodies casting a vote.Attention is drawn to the possibility that some
37、of the elements of this International Standard may be thesubject of patent rights. ISO and IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patentrights.International Standard ISO/IEC 16485 was prepared by the International Telecommunication Union(ITU) (as ITU-T Recommendation T.44)
38、 and was adopted, under a special “fast-track procedure”, byJoint Technical Committee ISO/IEC JTC 1, Information technology, in parallel with its approval bynational bodies of ISO and IEC.Annex A forms a normative part of this International Standard.ISO/IEC 16485:2000(E) ISO/IEC 2000 All rights rese
39、rved vIntroduction and backgroundThe Mixed Raster Content (MRC) Recommendation is a way of describing raster-oriented (scannedand/or rasterized synthetic images) documents with both bi-level (text and/or line-art) and multi-level(colour/continuous-tone) data within a page. The goal of this MRC Recom
40、mendation is to make exchangeof raster-oriented mixed content colour documents among users with varied communication systemspossible with higher speed, higher image quality and modest computing resources (memory, storage andprocessing power).The dramatic increase in exchange of electronic documents
41、has raised customer expectations andrequirements for raster-oriented documents. Colour must be exchanged just as graceful and efficiently asblack image quality in a scan anywhere - print anywhere environment is directly related to theexchange of device independent data forms and the rendering compro
42、mises made by the outputengine;fast printing with modest resources is related to low complexity of the format.The best approach to achieve high compression ratios and retain quality is to compress the differentsegments of the raster data according to their individual attributes. Text and line-art da
43、ta (bi-level data)would be compressed with an approach that puts high emphasis on maintaining the detail and structure ofthe input. Pictures and colour gradients (multi-level data) would be compressed using an approach thatputs a high emphasis on maintaining the smoothness and accuracy of the colour
44、s. These different datatypes (bi-level and multi-level) are often conceptualized as being on separate layers/planes within thepage.This separation of the data by importance of content (spatial detail vs. colour) also directly implies that itis advantageous to use different resolutions for the differ
45、ent data, with a high spatial resolution used fortext/line-art and high colour resolution for images/gradients.This concept of data separation by importance of content has led to development of the base mode 3-layermodel on which the MRC Recommendation is built. Provisions to extend the model beyond
46、 the basemode are defined in Annexes to this Recommendation. The base mode 3-layer model identifies threebasic data types that may be contained within a page. These are multi-level data associated with contonecolour (continuous-tone and/or palletized colour) image for which mid-to-low spatial and hi
47、gh colourresolution is typically appropriate for good reproduction; bi-level data associated with high detail oftext/line-art for which high spatial and low colour resolution is typically appropriate for goodreproduction; multi-level data associated with multi-level colours of the text/line-art data
48、 for which mid-to-high spatial and mid-colour resolution is typically appropriate for good reproduction. Each page withinthe MRC model is processed independently. The data types within each page are represented in distinctlayers (also referred to as planes) to be image processed, compressed and tran
49、smitted independently.Multi-level contone data may be represented in the lower layer, bi-level in the middle layer and multi-level data of text/line-art colours in the upper layer. The lower and upper layers will from here on bereferenced as the background and foreground layers respectively, see Figure 1. The process of imageregeneration is controlled by the middle bi-level layer that acts as a mask or selector to select whetherpixels from the background contone layer or foreground text/line-art colour layer will be reproduced. Dueto its selectio
