1、 National Standard of CanadaCAN/CSA-ISO/IEC 7942-3:02(ISO/IEC 7942-3:1999)International Standard ISO/IEC 7942-3:1999 (first edition, 1999-02-01), has been adopted without modification(IDT) as CSA Standard CAN/CSA-ISO/IEC 7942-3:02, which has been approved as a National Standard of Canadaby the Stand
2、ards Council of Canada.ISBN 1-55324-776-0 March 2002Information technology Computergraphics and image processing Graphical Kernel Systems (GKS) Part 3:Audit trailTechnologies de Iinformation Infographie et traitement dimage Systeme graphique Kernel (GKS) Partie 3: Historique dexpertiseReference numb
3、erISO/IEC 7942-3:1999(E)The Canadian Standards Association (CSA), The Standards Council of Canada is theunder whose auspices this National Standard has been coordinating body of the National Standards system, produced, was chartered in 1919 and accredited by a federation of independent, autonomousth
4、e Standards Council of Canada to the National organizations working towards the furtherStandards system in 1973. It is a not-for-profit, development and improvement of voluntarynonstatutory, voluntary membership association standardization in the national interest.engaged in standards development an
5、d certification The principal objects of the Council are to foster activities. and promote voluntary standardization as a means CSA standards reflect a national consensus of of advancing the national economy, benefiting theproducers and users including manufacturers, health, safety, and welfare of t
6、he public, assisting consumers, retailers, unions and professional and protecting the consumer, facilitating domestic organizations, and governmental agencies. The and international trade, and furthering internationalstandards are used widely by industry and commerce cooperation in the field of stan
7、dards.and often adopted by municipal, provincial, and A National Standard of Canada is a standard whichfederal governments in their regulations, particularly in has been approved by the Standards Council ofthe fields of health, safety, building and construction, Canada and one which reflects a reaso
8、nableand the environment. agreement among the views of a number of capableIndividuals, companies, and associations across individuals whose collective interests provide to theCanada indicate their support for CSAs standards greatest practicable extent a balance ofdevelopment by volunteering their ti
9、me and skills to representation of producers, users, consumers, andCSA Committee work and supporting the Associations others with relevant interests, as may be appropriateobjectives through sustaining memberships. The more to the subject in hand. It normally is a standardthan 7000 committee voluntee
10、rs and the 2000 which is capable of making a significant and timelysustaining memberships together form CSAs total contribution to the national interest.membership from which its Directors are chosen. Approval of a standard as a National Standard ofSustaining memberships represent a major source of
11、Canada indicates that a standard conforms to theincome for CSAs standards development activities. criteria and procedures established by the StandardsThe Association offers certification and testing Council of Canada. Approval does not refer to theservices in support of and as an extension to its te
12、chnical content of the standard; this remains thestandards development activities. To ensure the continuing responsibility of the accreditedintegrity of its certification process, the Association standards-development organization.regularly and continually audits and inspects products Those who have
13、 a need to apply standards arethat bear the CSA Mark. encouraged to use National Standards of CanadaIn addition to its head office and laboratory complex whenever practicable. These standards are subject in Toronto, CSA has regional branch offices in major to periodic review; therefore, users are ca
14、utioned centres across Canada and inspection and testing to obtain the latest edition from the organizationagencies in eight countries. Since 1919, the preparing the standard.Association has developed the necessary expertise to The responsibility for approving National Standards meet its corporate m
15、ission: CSA is an independent of Canada rests with theservice organization whose mission is to provide an Standards Council of Canadaopen and effective forum for activities facilitating the 270 Albert Street, Suite 200exchange of goods and services through the use of Ottawa, Ontario, K1P 6N7standard
16、s, certification and related services to meet Canadanational and international needs.For further information on CSA services, write toCanadian Standards Association178 Rexdale BoulevardToronto, Ontario, M9W 1R3CanadaAlthough the intended primary application of this Standard is stated in its Scope, i
17、t is importantto note that it remains the responsibility of the users to judge its suitability for their particular purpose.Registered trade-mark of Canadian Standards AssociationInformation technology Computer graphics and imageCAN/CSA-ISO/IEC 7942-3:02 processing Graphical Kernel Systems (GKS) Par
18、t 3: Audit trailMarch 2002 Canadian Standards Association CSA/1CAN/CSA-ISO/IEC 7942-3:02Information technology Computergraphics and image processing Graphical Kernel Systems (GKS) Part 3: Audit trailCSA PrefaceStandards development within the Information Technology sector is harmonized with internat
19、ionalstandards development. Through the CSA Technical Committee on Information Technology (TCIT),Canadians serve as the Canadian Advisory Committee (CAC) on ISO/IEC Joint Technical Committee 1 onInformation Technology (ISO/IEC JTC1) for the Standards Council of Canada (SCC), the ISO memberbody for C
20、anada and sponsor of the Canadian National Committee of the IEC. Also, as a member of theInternational Telecommunication Union (ITU), Canada participates in the International Telegraph andTelephone Consultative Committee (ITU-T).This International Standard was reviewed by the CSA TCIT under the juri
21、sdiction of the StrategicSteering Committee on Information Technology and deemed acceptable for use in Canada. (Acommittee membership list is available on request from the CSA Project Manager.) From time to time,ISO/IEC may publish addenda, corrigenda, etc. The CSA TCIT will review these documents f
22、or approvaland publication. For a listing, refer to the CSA Information Products catalogue or CSA Info Update orcontact a CSA Sales representative. This Standard has been formally approved, without modification, bythese Committees and has been approved as a National Standard of Canada by the Standar
23、ds Council ofCanada.March 2002 Canadian Standards Association 2002All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form whatsoever without the prior permission ofthe publisher. ISO/IEC material is reprinted with permission. Where the words “this International Standard” appea
24、r in thetext, they should be interpreted as “this National Standard of Canada”. Inquiries regarding this National Standard of Canada should be addressed to Canadian Standards Association 178 Rexdale Boulevard, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M9W 1R31-800-463-6727 416-747-4044www.csa.caINTERNATIONAL STANDAR
25、D ISOAEC 7942-3 First edition 1999-02-01 Information technology - Computer graphics and image processing - Graphical Kerne1 Systems (GKS) - Part 3: Audit trail Technologies de Iinforma tion - Infographie et traitement dimage - Systeme graphique Kerne/ (GKS) - Partie 3: Historique dexpertise ISO/IEC
26、7942-3: 1999(E) Contents Foreword . 111 In troduc tion iv 1 Scope . . 1 2 Normative references . 2 3 Definitions . . 3 4 Concepts . 4 4.1 The structure of a GISS-94 audit trail 4 4.2 Representation of data values 4 4.2.1 Introduction 4 4.2.2 Representation of constants 4 4.2.3 Representation of set
27、types . 4 4.2.4 Representation of tuple types . 5 4.2.5 Representation of function types 5 4.2.6 Representation of discriminated Union types 6 4.2.7 Representation of sequence types . 6 5 Audit Trail Grammar . 7 5.1 Notation . 7 5.2 Audit trail . . 7 5.3 Audit trail elements . 10 5.4 Basic type defi
28、nitions . 18 5.5 Derived type definitions . 19 5.6 The types AuditFuncName and FuncParams 33 0 ISO/IEC 1999 All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronie or mechanical, including photocopying and mic
29、ro- film, without permission in writing from the publisher. ISO/IEC Copyright Office l Case postale 56 l CH- 12 1 1 Genke 20 0 Switzerland Printed in Switzerland ii 0 ISO/IEC ISO/IEC 7942-3: 1999(E) Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) and IEC (the International Electrot
30、echnical Commis- sion) form the specialized System for worldwide standardization. National bodies that are members of ISO or IEC participate in the development of International Standards through technical committees established by the respective organization to deal with particular fields of technic
31、al activity. ISO and IEC technical committees collaborate in fields of mutual interest. Other international organizations, governmental and non- governmental, in liaison with ISO and IEC, also take part in the work. In the field of information technology, ISO and IEC have established a joint technic
32、al committee, ISO/IEC JTCl. Draft International Standards adopted by the joint technical committee are circulated to national bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75% of the national bodies casting a vote. International Standard ISO/IEC 7942-3 was
33、 prepared by Joint Technical Committee ISO/IEC JTC 1, Informa- tion technology , Subcommittee SC24, Computer graphics and image processing. ISO/IEC 7942 consists of the following Parts, under the general title Information technology - Computer graphics and image processing - Graphical Kernel System
34、(GKS): Part 1: Functional description Part 2: NIX metafile Part 3: Audit trail Part 4: Picture part archive . . . 111 ISO/IEC 7942-3: 1999(E) OISO/IEC Introduction The GKS-94 audit trail provides a file format for capturing the sequence of GKS functions invoked by an application for subsequent playb
35、ack. The file format consists of a set of elements that tan be used to describe the functions invoked and their Parameters. iv INTERNATIONAL STANDARD 0 ISO/IEC ISO/IEC 7942-3: 1999(E) Information technology - Computer graphics and image processing - Graphical Kerne1 System (GKS) - Part 3: Audit trai
36、l 1 Scope This part of ISO/IEC 7942 provides a file format for capturing the sequence of GKS functions and their param- eters invoked by an application, for subsequent playback. ISQ/IE 7942-3: 1999(E) OISO/IEC 2 Normative references The following Standards contains provisions which, through referenc
37、e in this text, constitute provisions of this part of ISO/IEC 7942. At the time of publication, the editions indicated were valid. All Standards are subject to revision, and Parties to agreements based on this part of ISOLIEC 7942 are encouraged to investigate the possi- bility of applying the most
38、recent editions of the Standards indicated below. Members of IEC and ISO maintain registers of currently valid International Standards. ISO/IEC 7942- 1: 1994, Information technology - Computer graphics and image processing - Graphical Kerne1 System (GKS,) - Part 1: Functional description ISO/IEC 794
39、2-2: 1997, Information technology - Computer graphics and image processing - Graphical Kerne1 System (GKS) - Part 2: NDC metafile ISO/IEC 7942-3: 1999(E) 0 ISO/IEC 3 Definitions For the purposes of this part of ISO/IEC 7942, the definitions given in ISO/IEC 7942-1 apply. ISOiIEC 7942-3: 1999(E) OISO
40、/IEC 4 Concepts 4.1 The structure of a GKS-94 audit-trail The purpose of the GISS-94 audit trail is to record the sequence executed by an application. Both input and output Parameters are of functions and their associated Parameters recorded. An audit trail consists of a sequence of audit trail elem
41、ents, delimited by begin audit trail and end audit trail elements. There is one audit trail element for each function defined in Part 1 of ISO/IEC 7942 which tan be recorded in an audit trail. Elements consist of an element name, derived from the name of the corresponding GKS-94 function by replac-
42、ing spaces in the function name with the Character -. The element name is followed by a Parameter value list, delimited by the Symbols ( and ). Functions with no Parameters have an empty Parameter list, represented as 0. Parameter values are separated by commas ). Esch Parameter value is self-delimi
43、ted. Keywords in the audit trail are case sensitive. 4.2 Representation of data values 4.2.1 Introduction Part 1 of ISOLIEC 7942 describes the Parameters of the GKS-94 functions in terms of abstract data types con- structed from basic types with a number of type constructors. These Same abstract dat
44、a types form the basis for the representations of Parameter values recorded in the audit trail. In a binding of the GKS-94 functions to a programming language, these abstract data types are given concrete representations in terms of the type structure supported by the programming language. One of th
45、e consequences of this is that the Situation may arise where different programming languages represent a GKS-94 basic type in different ways, for example, a name could be represented as a string or an integer. In this audit trail, concrete representations for the basic types are not defined, the rep
46、resentation of basic types is left implementation dependent. The audit trail records function invocations in such a way that they tan be played back by the same GKS-94 implementation; issues of portability of audit trails between different implernentations of GKS-94 are not addressed by this part of
47、 ISO/IEC 7942. 4.2.2 Representation of constants The simplest kind of data type in GKS-94 consists of a choice between constant values, for example: RouteDir = NDC I BACKDROP Constant values are represented by Character strings, in this case NDC and BACKDROP. 4.2.3 Representation of set types Data t
48、ypes which consist of sets of values of another type are defined in Part 1 of ISOLIEC 7942 using the powerset constructor, P, for example: NameSet = P GenName means that values of type NameSet consist of sets of values, each of type GenName. Values of such types are represented by the string PSET, f
49、ollowed by a list of values enclosed between brackets ( and ) and separated by commas ,. A value of type NameSet, for example, would be represented as: PSET(, , . . . ) where denotes the representation of a value of type cGenName. 0 ISO/IEC ISO/IEC 7942-3: 1999(E) Concepts Representation of data values 4.2.4 Representation of tuple types Ordered tuples are defined in Part 1 of ISO/IEC 7942 using the Cartesian product constructor x. For exam- ple: FontPrec = FontInd x Prec defines values of the type FontPrec to consist of pairs of
