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39、dards Association,operating as “CSA Group”Prepared byApproved byThermosyphonfoundationsforbuildings in permafrostregionsCAN/CSA-S500-14(approved August 2014)National Standard of CanadaCAN/CSA-S500-14 Thermosyphonfoundations for buildings in permafrost regionsJune 2014 2014 CSA Group1ContentsTechnica
40、l Committee on Northern Built Infrastructure 4Working Group on Thermosyphon Foundations for New Buildings in Permafrost Regions 6Preface 71 Scope, objectives, and application 81.1 Scope 81.2 Objectives 81.3 Application 81.4 Exclusions 81.5 Terminology 92 Reference publications 93 Definitions 104 Per
41、formance and service life requirements 124.1 General 124.2 Basic performance requirements 124.2.1 Maintaining the integrity of the permafrost foundation 124.2.2 Setting the design maximum subgrade temperature 124.3 Fundamental service life requirements 124.3.1 Extending the service life of the therm
42、osyphon system 124.3.2 Ensuring consistency in the service life of all thermosyphon system components 125 Geotechnical site characterization 125.1 General 125.2 Requirement for a geotechnical site characterization 135.3 Requirements for a subsurface investigation 135.4 Phased approach to geotechnica
43、l investigation 135.4.1 General 135.4.2 Information review 135.4.3 Site specific geotechnical investigation 145.4.4 Data analysis and reporting 146 System design 156.1 General 156.2 Assessing the applicability of a thermosyphon foundation for a certain site and building 156.2.1 Presence of permafros
44、t 156.2.2 Presence of surface water 166.2.3 Stability of native subgrade soils 166.2.4 Ensuring suitability of sub-grade before construction 166.2.5 Staging of construction 166.2.6 Buildings with ventilated air spaces 166.2.7 Unheated structures 166.2.8 Constructability of the foundation system 17CA
45、N/CSA-S500-14 Thermosyphonfoundations for buildings in permafrost regionsJune 2014 2014 CSA Group26.3 Thermal analysis and modelling 176.3.1 Requirement to undertake thermal analysis 176.3.2 Thermal analyses responsibility and documentation 176.3.3 Design criteria 176.3.4 Hybrid thermosyphon systems
46、 186.4 Available analytical tools 196.4.1 Thermal analysis models 196.4.2 One- and two-dimensionalheat conduction simulation 196.4.3 Necessaryinput variables 196.4.4 Soil condition 196.4.5 Initial conditions 206.4.6 Boundary conditions 206.5 Derivation of climate parameters needed for thermal analys
47、is 206.5.1 Key climatic parameters 206.5.2 Setting up a site-calibrated model and conducting analysis 206.5.3 Process to develop climate inputs 216.5.4 Calibration of ground thermal models to existing ground temperature data 226.5.5 Testing for extreme weather events 226.6 Design considerations for
48、thermosyphon systems 226.6.1 General 226.6.2 Planning 226.6.3 Design documents 236.6.4 Project documentation 236.6.5 Evaporator layout 236.6.6 Pipes 236.6.7 Radiators 246.6.8 Granular pads 246.6.9 Excavation of a site 246.6.10 Use of gravel 256.6.11 Insulation 256.6.12 Grading 266.6.13 Reducing the
49、potential for seepage 266.6.14 Ancillary design considerations 266.6.15 Use of sumps and underground utilities 266.6.17 Coordination with other ancillary elements of the building design 277 Construction, installation, and commissioning 277.1 Site preparation 277.2 System construction 277.2.1 Development of standard operating procedures 277.2.2 Welding recommendations and requirements 297.2.3 Record drawings recommendationsand requirements 298 Monitoring 298.1 Monitoring plan 298.2 Implementation and operation of the monitoring program 298.2.1 General 298.2.2 Moni
