1、CAN/CSA-Z796-98Accident InformationA National Standard of CanadaPrepared byCanadian Standards AssociationApproved byStandards Council of CanadaISSN 0317-5669Published in June 1998 by Canadian Standards Association178 Rexdale Boulevard, Etobicoke, Ontario, Canada M9W 1R3Technical Editor: Brian WeirMa
2、naging Editor: Gary BurfordSenior Project Editor: Ann MartinEditors: Maria AdragnaPublishing System Coordinators: Ursula Das/Grace Da Silva/Tarsem Suri Canadian Standards Association 1998All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form whatsoever without the prior permi
3、ssion of the publisher.General Instruction No. 1CAN/CSA-Z796-98June 1998Title: Accident InformationPagination: 40 pages (vi preliminary and 34 text), each dated June 1998To register for e-mail notification about any updates to this publicationgo to shop.csa.caclick on CSA Update ServiceThe List ID t
4、hat you will need to register for updates to this publication is 2007014.If you require assistance, please e-mail techsupportcsagroup.org or call 416-747-2233.Visit CSA Groups policy on privacy at csagroup.org/legal to find out how we protect your personal information.CAN/CSA-Z796-98 CSAiiJune 1998C
5、ontentsTechnical Committee on Workplace Accidents ivPreface vii1. Scope and Purpose 11.1 General 11.2 Purpose 11.3 Focus 11.4 Limitations 21.5 Links to Other Standards 21.6 Use of the Standard 32. Definitions and Reference Publications 42.1 Definitions 42.2 Reference Publications 43. General Require
6、ments 63.1 Confidentiality 64. The Z796 Accident Information Model Multifactorial 64.1 General 64.2 Accident Information and Prevention 64.3 Understanding the Accident Process 74.4 The Accident Information Model 74.4.1 General 74.4.2 Information Collection and Analysis 74.5 Scope of Accident Analysi
7、s 115. Accident Investigation Process 125.1 General 125.2 Guiding Principles for Accident Investigation 125.3 Steps in Accident Investigation 125.4 Sources of Information 136. Accident Investigation Tools 136.1 What is an Accident Investigation Tool? 136.2 Criteria for the Selection of Accident Inve
8、stigation Tools 136.3 Links to the Accident Information Model 146.4 Choice of Tools 146.5 Where Can These Tools be Found? 147. Developing and Implementing Solutions 147.1 Identification of Effective Prevention Strategies General 147.2 Arrange a Problem-Solving Meeting to Review Accident Information
9、147.3 Identify Preventive Measures and Draw Up Recommendations 147.4 Implement Agreed-Upon Actions 157.5 Evaluate/Monitor Effectiveness 158. Collecting and Using Information from Multiple Investigations 16AppendicesA Sample Accident Investigation Procedure (AI) 17B Sample Accident Investigation Tool
10、s 22 CSA Accident InformationiiiJune 1998Technical Committee on Workplace AccidentsB. Whitfield Department of Justice, ChairFredericton, New BrunswickR. Allingham Workers Compensation Board,Toronto, OntarioP. Benson Building and Construction Trades,Ottawa, OntarioY. Brissette Commission de la sant e
11、t de la Associatescurit du travail du Qubec,Qubec, QubecA. Brooker Institute for Work and Health,Toronto, OntarioA. Campbell Alberta Department of Labour,Edmonton, AlbertaW. Chan Workers Compensation Board,Toronto, OntarioE. Cloutier Institut de recherche en sant et enscurit du travail,Montral, Qube
12、cL. Cook Du Pont Canada Inc.,Whitby, OntarioM. David Health Canada, AssociateOttawa, OntarioL. Donner Ontario Federation of Labour,Don Mills, OntarioF. Emond Commission de la sant et de lascurit du travail du Qubec,Qubec, QubecJ. Harkins Ministry of Labour,Mississauga, OntarioL. Hicks Canadian Assoc
13、iation of Chief Inspectors Associateof Mines,Sydney, Nova ScotiaCAN/CSA-Z796-98 CSAivJune 1998I. Howcroft Alliance of Manufacturers (b) provide an explanation of circumstances surrounding the actual field condition; and(c) be phrased where possible to permit a specific “yes” or “no” answer.Committee
14、 Interpretations are processed in accordance with the CSA Directives and guidelines governingstandardization and are published in CSAs periodical Info Update. For subscription details, write to CSA SalesPromotion, Info Update, at the address given above. CSA Accident Information1June 1998CAN/CSA-Z79
15、6-98Accident Information1. Scope and Purpose1.1 GeneralThis Standard provides a framework for the collection and analysis of information about accidents,incidents, and harmful exposures. All accidents, whether or not they result in injury, are within the scopeof this Standard. While the Standard pro
16、vides the starting point for the statistical analysis of sets ofaccidents, it does not deal with the development of classification systems and related databases whichwould be necessary for such analyses.1.2 PurposeThe purpose of this Standard is to facilitate the identification of effective preventi
17、on strategies. Itprovides a framework for the consistent, reliable collection and investigation of information about factorscontributing to accidents and harmful exposures in the workplace.This Standard can be used for the investigation of a single accident. (The collection of informationabout singl
18、e accidents may, in turn, provide the foundation for the development of classification systemsand related databases about accidents over time.)1.3 FocusThe focus of this Standard is effective collection of information about an accident, incident, or harmfulexposure. To achieve this, the Standard ado
19、pts an accident information model that focuses on what ledto the event, rather than on the result of the event. This model goes well beyond the immediate causesof the injury. It encompasses information about factors associated with the events leading up to theevent that resulted in, or might have re
20、sulted in, an injury. It is important to note that the collection of accident /incident information focuses on fact-finding, notfault-finding.Specifically, this Standard(a) establishes a framework for investigating accidents, incidents, and harmful exposures;(b) establishes a framework for the consi
21、stent collection and recording of accident information;(c) sets out guidelines to assist users with the analysis and evaluation of accident information;(d) provides guidelines for the use of accident information in prevention programmes; and(e) facilitates the collection of accident information that
22、 can be used as the basis of studies.Figure 1 illustrates an accident information cycle and the relationship of accident information toprevention strategies. InvestigateaccidentsReview/improveaccident informationchecklistDevelop preventionmeasuresIdentify trends,significant factors,prioritiesCorrect
23、 problemsMonitor,evaluateCAN/CSA-Z796-98 CSA2June 1998Figure 1Accident Information Cycle1.4 LimitationsThis Standard deals with information about the factors contributing to, or which underlie, accidents,incidents, exposures, or possible exposures that result, or could result, in injury or disease.
24、It does notprovide a classification or a coding structure. The framework and the guidance provided in the Standardare flexible, to enable it to be adapted to the specific circumstances of individual workplaces or particularindustries. This Standard is most directly applicable to acute accidents in w
25、hich it is clear that the injury wasrelated to work and in which the energy transfer that resulted in the injury can be readily identified. Forcases in which these conditions are not satisfied, epidemiological research may be required to identifycontributory factors. This may be the case, for exampl
26、e, with occupational diseases and illnesses thatinvolve latency periods. However, the results of epidemiological research could be applied to and usedfor the accident information model in this Standard. To some extent, the model may be less applicableto cumulative trauma cases and occupational disea
27、ses in which the injury or harm results from exposureover time and for which special tools, such as ergonomic workstation analysis and ergonomic taskanalysis, may need to be applied in the final instance.This Standard does not deal in detail with the development and use of databases for the purpose
28、ofanalyzing information from multiple accidents, nor does it provide a hierarchical coding structure. However, adherence to the Standard will provide organizations with a foundation for the development ofcomprehensive databases. 1.5 Links to Other StandardsThis Standard is designed to complement the
29、 information collected, coded, and classified in accordancewith CSA Standard Z795. For example, information coded according to CSA Standard Z795 can beanalyzed and used to identify problem areas, which can be further studied using the guidelines andaccident information procedures outlined in this St
30、andard. CSA Accident Information3June 19981.6 Use of the StandardThis Standard may be used by persons or organizations who need information about actual or potentialworkplace accidents resulting in injury or disease. They may use it to identify trends, to estimate the sizeof problems, or to identify
31、 specific targets for prevention strategies. In addition, this Standard can beused to conduct special studies of certain types of workplaces or industries.Workers Compensation Boards (WCBs) and OSH Regulators may also use this Standard, inconjunction with CSA Standard Z795, for conducting special st
32、udies of industry groups, since detailedchecklists of the topics suggested in this Standard need to be prepared by particular workplaces orindustries. WCBs and OSH Regulatory Agencies may also wish to consider collecting some of thesuggested items, on a more general level, when accidents are reporte
33、d to them. All or parts of this Standard may be used by(a) employers;(b) design engineers;(c) trade/labour unions;(d) industry associations;(e) labour federations;(f) researchers;(g) occupational health and safety professionals and organizations;(h) workers compensation boards/organizations;(i) inju
34、red workers groups;(j) government OSH regulators and other agencies and departments;(k) Joint Health and Safety Committees and/or health and safety representatives;(l) insurers;(m) educators;(n) suppliers and manufacturers of safety equipment; and(o) standards developers.Table 1 provides examples of
35、 possible users of and uses for this Standard.Table 1Users and Uses*Users UsesRegulators: OSH Agencies; WCBs G6 investigation of serious accidentsG6 identification of problem areasG6 identification of significant contributing factors through specialstudiesG6 foundation for database developmentG6 ide
36、ntification of trendsEmployers, unions, employers G6 pooling of information and development of databases over timeassociations, researchers G6 identification of trends and problem areas for further investigation(Uses depend on size of theorganization)G6 prediction and assessment of riskG6 investigat
37、ion of accidentsG6 identification and correction of deviations from standardsG6 determination of frequency of contributing factors and significanceover timeG6 fulfilment of reporting requirementsG6 provision of data for company or industry database developmentG6 special studies *CSA Standard Z795 ma
38、y also be applied for some of these uses.CAN/CSA-Z796-98 CSA4June 19982. Definitions and Reference Publications2.1 DefinitionsThe following definitions apply in this Standard:Accident a preventable, unplanned, work-related event or exposure or series of events/exposuresthat result in personal harm a
39、nd/or damage to things. For purposes of this Standard, the term “accident”may generally also include incidents. See Incident below.Accident information model a theoretical framework for the collection and analysis of informationabout accidents that can be used to help determine prevention strategies
40、. An accident model is basedon assumptions about how accidents happen and the related contributory factors.Accident information system an organized approach to the collection, analysis, and use of accidentinformation for purposes of prevention. The main components of an accident information system a
41、recollection, reliability, feedback and consultation, decision-making, and action.Accident investigation tools analytical techniques that are applied to accident information in orderto achieve a comprehensive consideration of all the facts associated with the accident.Accident process the sequence o
42、f events and factors leading up to and contributing to the accident.Contributory factors any factor organizational, environmental, technical, or human thatcontributes to the events which result in an accident. Also includes factors whose removal from thechain of events leads to an accidents not occu
43、rring, and any situations, conditions, or things that enablethose factors in the chain to be present.Deviation a departure from the normal course of action or normal conditions.Harmful exposure exposure of workers to chemicals, substances, conditions, or organizational orenvironmental factors in a w
44、orkplace that result in injury, disease, illness, or disorder in the workers soexposed. Incident an accident that does not result in injury or illness but which has the potential to do so underslightly different circumstances.Note: It is important to define the types of unplanned or accidental event
45、s or exposures that are to be reported andinvestigated in a particular workplace. For example, in a warehouse, the collapse of a stack of containers might bedefined as a reportable “incident”. All employees need to be encouraged to report defined types of incidents. TheJoint Health and Safety Commit
46、tee, where one exists in the workplace, could perform a useful role in identifyingreportable types of incidents. Possible criteria to use in identifying such incidents are potential severity, likelihood ofrecurrence, employee concerns, and situations where rules are persistently disregarded.Norm the
47、 optimum safe method or procedure.2.2 Reference PublicationsThis Standard refers to the following publications and where such reference is made it shall be to theedition listed below:CSA StandardsCAN/CSA-Q830-96,Model Code for the Protection of Personal Information;Z795-96,Coding of Work Injury or D
48、isease Information.Other Publications CSA Accident Information5June 1998Canadian Centre for Occupational Health and Safety. 1980. A Review of the Literature on Attitudes andRoles and Their Effects on Safety in the Workplace . Canadian Centre for Occupational Health andSafety.Carter, Ned, and Menckel
49、, Eva. 1985. “Near-accident reporting: A review of Swedish research.” Journalof Occupational Accidents 10 (1985): 191-8.Cloutier, Esther. 1994a. “The effect of age on safety and work practices among domestic trash collectorsin Quebec.” Safety Science 17 (1994): 291-308.Cloutier, Esther. 1994b. Model for the Investigation of Occupational Accidents and Incidents. IRSST.Cloutier, Esther. 1996. Lanalyse des circonstances des accidents du travail comme outil de prvention. I
