1、 CEA Standard Standard Method of Measurement for Compact Disc Players CEA-560 R-2011 June 1990 NOTICE Consumer Electronics Association (CEA) Standards, Bulletins and other technical publications are designed to serve the public interest through eliminating misunderstandings between manufacturers and
2、 purchasers, facilitating interchangeability and improvement of products, and assisting the purchaser in selecting and obtaining with minimum delay the proper product for his particular need. Existence of such Standards, Bulletins and other technical publications shall not in any respect preclude an
3、y member or nonmember of CEA from manufacturing or selling products not conforming to such Standards, Bulletins or other technical publications, nor shall the existence of such Standards, Bulletins and other technical publications preclude their voluntary use by those other than CEA members, whether
4、 the standard is to be used either domestically or internationally. Standards, Bulletins and other technical publications are adopted by CEA in accordance with the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) patent policy. By such action, CEA does not assume any liability to any patent owner, nor d
5、oes it assume any obligation whatever to parties adopting the Standard, Bulletin or other technical publication. This CEA Standard is considered to have International Standardization implication, but the International Electrotechnical Commission activity has not progressed to the point where a valid
6、 comparison between the CEA Standard and the IEC document can be made. This Standard does not purport to address all safety problems associated with its use or all applicable regulatory requirements. It is the responsibility of the user of this Standard to establish appropriate safety and health pra
7、ctices and to determine the applicability of regulatory limitations before its use. This document is copyrighted by the Consumer Electronics Association (CEA) and may not be reproduced, in whole or part, without written permission. Federal copyright law prohibits unauthorized reproduction of this do
8、cument by any means. Organizations may obtain permission to reproduce a limited number of copies by entering into a license agreement with IHS (http:/). .Requests to reproduce text, data, charts, figures or other material should be made to the CEA. (Formulated under the cognizance of the CEAs R3 Aud
9、io Systems Committee.) Published by CONSUMER ELECTRONICS ASSOCIATION 2011 Technology this represents the level of the one-third-octave filtered noise alone. Record the voltmeter reading at this point, and let N (dB) represent the reading. (d) Calculate the dynamic range according to the following fo
10、rmula: Dynamic range (dB) = A - N (e) The theoretical maximum value for a 16 bit linear PCM system with the dither and signal specified in Track 20 is 114.3 dB. Any greater value may indicate a design compromise affecting other player characteristics. 4.3.4 Measurement example: - Measurement Paramet
11、er: L : R - Dynamic Range: 105 dB : 106 dB - Test Disc: CD-1 Signal Frequency: 500 Hz Output Terminal: FIXED OUTPUT De-emphasis: OFF Table 3 4.3.5 Indication method: Follow the example below: Example: Dynamic range (EIA): 105 db or better CEA-560Page 10 Notes: 1. The channels need not be indicated.
12、2. It is not necessary to indicate that the de-emphasis is off. 4.4 Total Harmonic Distortion + Noise (THD+N) 4.4.1 Definition: The Percentage of Total Harmonic Distortion + Noise (THD+N) of a sine wave is equal to 100 times the ratio of the rms voltage measured with the fundamental component of the
13、 sine wave removed by a notch filter, to the rms voltage of the fundamental component. 4.4.2 Measuring system block diagram: 4.4.3 Test conditions: Total Harmonic Distortion + Noise (THD+N) shall be measured at 32 Hz, 63 Hz, 125 Hz, 250 Hz, 500 HZ, 1 kHz, 2 kHz, 4 kHz, 8 kHz, 10 kHz, 12.5 kHz, 16 kH
14、z, 18 kHz and 20 kHz (14 frequencies) at the O dB level. Total Harmonic Distortion + Noise (THD+N) shall also be measured at 1 kHz at the -30 dB and -60 dB levels. Inclusion of the low-pass filter shown in Figure 4 is optional. However, if a low-pass filter is used, its presence shall be indicated i
15、n the data. 4.4.4 Measurement method (a) Establish the test conditions shown in Figure 4. TEST DISC CD PLAYER BEING MEASURED LOW-PASS FILTER Figure 4 TOTAL HARMONIC DISTORTION METER CEA-560Page 11 (b) Reproducing the signals prepared for measuring THD+N (Tracks 6 through 10 and Track 18, Index 07 an
16、d 10), measure the Total Harmonic Distortion + Noise. (c) Note the presence of the low pass filter if used). CEA-560Page 12 4.4.5 Measurement example: Test Frequency : L : R 32 Hz : 0.005% : 0.005% 63 Hz : 0.005% : 0.005% 125 Hz : 0.005% : 0.005% 250 Hz : 0.005% : 0.005% 500 Hz : 0.005% : 0.005% 1 k
17、Hz : 0.005% : 0.005% 2 kHz : 0.005% : 0.005% 4 kHz : 0.005% : 0.005% 8 kHz : 0.005% : 0.005% 10 kHz : 0.005% : 0.005% 12.5 kHz : 0.007% : 0.007% 16 kHz : 0.01% : 0.01% 18 kHz : 0.02% : 0.02% 20 kHz : 0.02% : 0.02% Test Disc: CD-1 Signal Level: 0 dB Output Terminal: OUTPUT 1 De-emphasis: OFF Low-pass
18、 Filter: Used Table 4A Level : L : R -30 dB : 0.005% : 0.005% -60 dB : 0.20% : .20% Test Disc: CD-1 Signal Frequency: 1 kHz Output Terminal: FIXED OUTPUT 1 De-emphasis: OFF Low-pass Filter: Used Table 4B CEA-560Page 13 4.4.6 Indication method: Follow example below: Examples: THD+N at 0 dB (EIA) : 0.
19、005%, f 10 kHz (Low-pass Filter In) 0.02%, f 20 kH THD+N at 1 kHz (EIA): 0.005% at -30 dB (Low-pass Filter In): 0.20% at -60 dB Notes: 1. The channels need not be indicated. 2. It is not necessary to indicate that de-emphasis is off. 4.5 Channel Separation 4.5.1 Definition: Channel separation is def
20、ined as the ratio of the output signal level on one channel to the level of the fundamental component of that signal measured on the second channel, expressed in decibels. 4.5.2 Measuring system block diagram: 4.5.3 Test frequencies: 125 Hz, 1 khz, 10 kHz and 16 kHz TEST DISC CD PLAYER BEING MEASURE
21、D LOW-PASS FILTER Figure 5 VOLTMETER SPECTRUM ANALYZER CEA-560Page 14 4.5.4 Measurement method (a) Establish the test conditions shown in Figure 5. (b) Reproduce the portions of the Standard Test Disc designed for measuring Channel Separation (Tracks 2 and 3), measure the output of the reference-lev
22、el signal in the first channel, and let A (dB) represent the output reading. Simultaneously, reproduce the zero-level signal in the second channel, measure the level of the fundamental component in the second channel, and let B (dB) represent the reading. (c) Calculate the Channel Separation accordi
23、ng to the following formula: Channel Separation (dB) = A - B (d) It is recommended that a spectrum analyzer be used to measure the level of the fundamental component in the second channel. Use of a bandpass filter to measure the fundamental component in the second channel is permissible provided tha
24、t the accuracy of the reading is maintained. 4.5.5 Measurement example: Test Frequency : L R : R L 125 Hz : 83 dB : 83 dB 1kHz : 83 dB : 83 dB 4kHz : 83 dB : 83 dB 10 kHz : 68 dB : 86 dB 16 kHz : 64 dB : 63 dB Test Disc: CD-1 Signal Frequency: 1 kHz Output Terminal: OUTPUT 1 De-emphasis: OFF Low-pas
25、s Filter: Used Table 5 CEA-560Page 15 TEST DISC CD PLAYER BEING MEASURED Figure 6 VOLTMETER 4.5.6 Indication method: Follow example (A) or (B) below: Examples: (A) Channel separation 80 dB or more (EIA) (B) Channel separation 60 dB or more (10 kHz) (EIA) Notes: 1. The test frequency, than 1 kHz, is
26、indicated. 2. The channels need not be indicated. 3. It is not necessary to indicate that de-emphasis is off. 4.6 De-emphasis Error Measurement 4.6.1 Definition: De-emphasis error is the difference between the measured output level and the theoretical output level when a non-pre-emphasized signal is
27、 reproduced with the de-emphasis circuitry in the CD player turned on. 4.6.2 Measuring system block diagram: 4.6.3 Test frequencies: 125 Hz, 1 kHz, 4 kHz, 10 kHz and 16 kHz 4.6.4 Measurement method (a) Establish the test conditions shown in Figure 6. (b) Using the 1 kHz, -20 dB signal of the Standar
28、d Test Disc (Track 12, Index 01), establish a reference level when CEA-560Page 16 reproducing via an ideal de-emphasis network. Measure the difference in output at all test frequencies of 4.6.3 (Track 12, Index 02 through 05). 4.6.5 Measurement example Test Frequency : L : R 125 Hz : 0dB : 0dB 1kHz
29、: 0dB : 0dB 4kHz : 0dB : 0dB 10 kHz : -0.7 dB : -0.5 dB 16 kHz : -1.0 dB : -1.1 dB 4.7 Wow and Flutter 4.7.1 Definition The weighted value measured with a wow/ flutter meter that reads peak values and has audio compensation characteristics specified in IEC Publication 386. In addition (but not subst
30、itution) any other metering/ weighting method for wow and flutter may be used, provided that any published results indicate which method is used. 4.7.2 Measuring system block diagram: 4.7.3 Test frequency: 3.15 KHz TEST DISC CD PLAYER BEING MEASURED Figure 7 WOW/FLUTTER METER CEA-560Page 17 4.7.4 Me
31、asurement method (a) Establish the test conditions shown in Figure. 7. (b) Using the 3.15 kHz signal of the Standard test disc (Track 14), measure peak wow/flutter. (c) The measurement interval shall be greater than 5 seconds and not greater than 30 seconds. The maximum value of peak wow and flutter
32、 shall be read. Irregular deflections of the meter needle occurring two or fewer times in a 10-second interval shall be ignored. 4.7.5 Indication method: Follow example (A) or (B) below: Examples: (A) Wow/flutter: 0.0005% W. Peak or less (EIA) (B) Wow/flutter: Below measurement threshold ( 0.001% WT
33、D.Peak or less) (EIA) Notes: 1. Any statement similar to “Below measurement threshold“ must also specify that threshold. 2. The “, “W.Peak“, “WTD. Peak“, and any qualifiers such as “and less“ must be included where appropriate. 4.8 Intermodulation Distortion 4.8.1 Definition: The ratio of the effect
34、ive value of all frequency components produced by intermodulation, to the modulated frequency components. Two types of intermodulation distortion measurement are provided for on the Standard Test Disc. For SMPTE-IM measurements, test frequencies of 7 kHz and 60 Hz (Track 13, Index 01) shall be used.
35、 For twin-tone, high-frequency intermodulation distortion measurements (CCIF IM), test signals of 11 kHz and 12 kHz (Track 13, Index 02) shall be used. CEA-560Page 18 4.8.2 Measuring system block diagram: 4.8.3 Test frequencies: 60. Hz + 7 kHz (4: 1) 11 kHz + 12 kHz (1:1) 4.8.4 Measurement method (a
36、) Establish the test conditions shown in Figure 8. (b) Reproducing either of the intermodulation distortion test signals found on the Standard Test Disc, measure intermodulation distortion using an appropriate intermodulation distortion analyzer. It is desirable to examine the distortion components
37、using a spectrum analyzer. 4.8.5 Measurement example: Test Frequencies: L : R 60 Hz + 7 Hz (4:1) 0.03% : 0.03% 11 kHz + 12 kHz (1:1) 0.02% : 0.02% Test Disc: CD-1 Output Terminal: LEFT or RIGHT De-emphasis: OFF Table 7 4.8.6 Indication method: Follow example (A) or (B) below: TEST DISC CD PLAYER BEI
38、NG MEASURED LOW-PASS FILTER Figure 8 INTERMODULATION DISTORTION METER SPECTRUM ANALYZER CEA-560Page 19 Examples: (A) Intermodulation distortion 0.03% or less (EIA) (B) Twin-tone intermodulation distortion, 11 kHz + 12 kHz, 0.01% or less (EIA) Notes: 1. The test frequencies need not be indicated if t
39、hey are 60Hz and 7 kHz. 2. The channels need not be indicated. 3. It is not necessary to indicate that de-emphasis is off. 4.9 Phase Difference between Channels 4.9.1 Definition: Phase difference between the Left channel and Right channel outputs at a specified frequency. 4.9.2 Measuring system bloc
40、k diagram: 4.9.3 Test frequency: 20 kHz 4.9.4 Measurement method (a) Establish the test conditions shown in Figure 9. (b) Reproduce the 20-kHz signal recorded on the Standard Test Disc (Track 10) . Measure the phase difference between the output of the R channel with reference to the L channel with
41、the phase difference meter. Note: Phase difference may be measured at other frequencies, if desired. TEST DISC CD PLAYER BEING MEASURED Figure 9 PHASE DIFFERENCE METER CEA-560Page 20 TEST DISC CD PLAYER BEING MEASURED Figure 10 VOLTMETER 4.9.5 Measurement Example Test Frequency: : Phase Difference i
42、n reference to L channel 20 kHz : 81.6 degrees Test Disc: CD-l Output Terminal: OUTPUT 1 De-emphasis: OFF Table 8 4.9.6 Indication method: Follow the example shown below: Example: Phase difference between channels: 82 degrees or less (EIA) Notes: 1.The test frequency need not be indicated if it is 2
43、0 kHz. 2. It is not necessary to indicate that the de-emphasis is off. 3. Indicate the phase difference as the absolute value. 4.10 Level Difference between Channels 4.10.1 Definition: Level difference of the R channel output with reference to the L channel output at a specified frequency. 4.10.2 Me
44、asuring system block diagram: CEA-560Page 21 4.10.3 Test frequency: 1 kHz 4.10.4 Measurement method (a) Establish the test conditions shown in Figure 10. (Set level to the rated value in the L channel). (b) Reproduce the reference signal from the Standard Test Disc (Track 1), and measure the differe
45、nce of the R channel output level with reference to the L channel output level with the voltmeter. 4.10.5 Measurement example: Test Frequency: : Level Difference with reference to L channel 1 kHz : +0.4 dB Test Disc: CD-l Output Terminal: OUTPUT 1 De-emphasis: OFF Table 9 4.10.6 Indication method Fo
46、llow the example below: Example: Level difference between channels 0.5 dB or less (EIA) Note: Indicate the level difference as the absolute value. 4.11 Output Voltage 4.11.1 Definition: The output voltage when the reference signal is produced. CEA-560Page 22 TEST DISC CD PLAYER BEING MEASURED Figure
47、 11 VOLTMETER 4.11.2 Measuring system block diagram: 4.11.3 Test frequency: 1 kHz 4.11.4 Measurement method (a) Establish the test conditions shown in Figure 11. (b) Reproduce the reference signal of the Standard Test Disc (Track 1). (c) If a volume control is provided, adjust the control to maximum
48、 except that, if output clipping occurs with the control set to maximum, adjust the control to the maximum setting at which clipping does not occur. (d) Measure the output voltage Note: If a mark indicating a reference level is placed on the player, adjust the level control to the mark. 4.11.5 Indic
49、ation method: Follow examples (A) or (B) below: Examples: (A) Output voltage 2 0.5 V (EIA) (B) Output voltage 5 0.5 V maximum (EIA) Note: If Output Voltage is measured at the clipping point, this fact shall be noted by adding the words “At Clipping“ to the specification. CEA-560Page 23 TEST DISC CD PLA
