1、raising standards worldwideNO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBSI Standards PublicationPD CEN/TR 13445-9:2011Unfired pressure vesselsPart 9: Conformance of the EN 13445series to ISO 16528PD CEN/TR 13445-9:2011 PUBLISHED DOCUMENTNational forewordThis Published Docum
2、ent is the UK implementation of CEN/TR13445-9:2011. It supersedes PD CEN/TR 13445-9:2007 which iswithdrawn.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee PVE/1, Pressure Vessels.A list of organizations represented on this committee can beobtained on request to its secret
3、ary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessaryprovisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correctapplication. BSI 2011ISBN 978 0 580 73040 5ICS 23.020.30Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity fromlegal obligations.This Published Document was publish
4、ed under the authority of theStandards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 August 2011.Amendments issued since publicationDate Text affectedPD CEN/TR 13445-9:2011TECHNICAL REPORT RAPPORT TECHNIQUE TECHNISCHER BERICHT CEN/TR 13445-9 June 2011 ICS 23.020.30 Supersedes CEN/TR 13445-9:2007English Versio
5、n Unfired pressure vessels - Part 9: Conformance of the EN 13445 series to ISO 16528 Rcipients sous pression non soumis la flamme - Partie 9 : Conformit de la srie EN 13445 lISO 16528 Unbefeuerte Druckbehlter - Gegenberstellung der EN 13445 Normenreihe und ISO 16528 This Technical Report was approve
6、d by CEN on 3 April 2011. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee CEN/TC 54. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,
7、Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2011 CEN All
8、 rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. CEN/TR 13445-9:2011: EPD CEN/TR 13445-9:2011CEN/TR 13445-9:2011 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword 3 1 Scope 4 2 Failure mode summary .5 3 Detailed failure mode checklists 6 4 Detailed technical requ
9、irements checklist . 39 PD CEN/TR 13445-9:2011CEN/TR 13445-9:2011 (E) 3 Foreword This document (CEN/TR 13445-9:2011) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 54 “Unfired pressure vessels”, the secretariat of which is held by BSI. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements
10、 of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This document supersedes CEN/TR 13445-9:2007. The main differences between this edition and CEN/TR 13445-9:2007 are: a) updating on the basis of the
11、2009 edition of EN 13445; b) inclusion of full details for the following failure modes: creep rupture, creep - excessive deformations at mechanical joints or resulting in unacceptable transfer of load, creep instability PD CEN/TR 13445-9:2011CEN/TR 13445-9:2011 (E) 4 1 Scope This CEN Technical Repor
12、t details the conformance of the EN 13445 series for “Unfired pressure vessels“ to ISO 16528-1 “Boilers and pressure vessels Part 1: Performance requirements“. This Technical Report applies to vessels of steel construction. It is envisaged that future editions will include spheroidal graphite cast i
13、ron and aluminium vessels. PD CEN/TR 13445-9:2011CEN/TR 13445-9:2011 (E) 5 2 Failure mode summary Table 1 Failure mode summary STANDARD a : Unfired pressure vessels EN 13445:2009 Parts 1 to 5 and CR 13445-7 FAILURE MODE SUMMARY bFailure modes according to ISO 16528-1 clause 6.2 Addressed(Y / N / P)
14、c Brittle fracture Y Ductile rupture Y Leakage at joints Y Elastic or plastic instability Y Creep rupture Y Additional failure modes according to ISO 16528-1 clause 6.1 Addressed(Y / N / P) cCrack formation or ductile tearing due to excessive local strains Y Creep excessive deformations at mechanica
15、l joints or resulting in unacceptable transfer of load Y Creep instability Y Erosion, corrosion P Environmentally assisted cracking, e.g. stress corrosion cracking, hydrogen induced cracking, etc. P Progressive plastic deformation Y Alternating plasticity Y Fatigue under elastic strains (medium and
16、high cycle fatigue) or under elastic-plastic strains (low cycle fatigue) Y Environmentally assisted fatigue P aProvide full title of the standard and revision or addenda level. bFailure modes addressed by this form (see ISO 16528-1). cY failure mode addressed by standard N failure mode not addressed
17、 by standard P failure mode recognized but details not addressed. PD CEN/TR 13445-9:2011CEN/TR 13445-9:2011 (E) 6 3 Detailed failure mode checklists Table 2 Detailed failure mode checklists STANDARD : Unfired pressure vessels EN 13445:2009FAILURE MODE a : Brittle fracture EXPLICIT DESIGN dReferences
18、 b : EN 13445-2:2009 Unfired pressure vessels Part 2: Materials Annex B “Requirements for prevention of brittle fracture“ Method 1 and Method 2 Comments c : Method 1 a) Technical requirements based on the choice of TR = T27J as specified in harmonised European Material Standards and on the assumptio
19、n that it is possible to achieve these minimum properties after fabrication. Calculated from the principles of fracture mechanics used for method 2 for C and CMn steels with yield strength 460 MPa and b) based on operating experience for Ni-alloyed steels with Ni 3 % up to 9 %, for austenitic steels
20、 and for bolts and nuts. Method 2 Method developed from the principles of fracture mechanics and from operating experiences. A more flexible approach than method 1 for derivation of technical requirements applicable to C, CMn and low alloy ferritic steels with a specified minimum yield strength 500
21、MPa and for austenitic-ferritic steels with a specified minimum yield strength 550 MPa. This method can be applied for these steels to a wider range of thicknesses and temperatures than method 1 because TR shall not be equal to T27J (see Figures B.2-1 to B.2-11). In addition, for ferritic steels wit
22、h max 355 MPa in PWHT condition operation experience was considered for higher thicknesses. IMPLICIT DESIGN References: EN 13445-2:2009 Unfired pressure vessels Part 2: Materials Annex B “Requirements for prevention of brittle fracture“ Method 3. Comments: Method 3 is the application of a fracture m
23、echanics analysis. PD CEN/TR 13445-9:2011CEN/TR 13445-9:2011 (E) 7 FABRICATION DETAILS eReferences: Design requirements for construction details are given in: EN 13445-3:2009 Unfired pressure vessels Part 3: Design and in Annex A “Design requirements for pressure bearing welds“ of this Part. Manufac
24、turing tolerances are given in: EN 13445-4:2009 Unfired pressure vessels Part 4: Fabrication Clause 5: “Manufacturing tolerances“ Comments: Reference thickness is given in: EN 13445-2:2009 Unfired pressure vessels Part 2: Materials Annex B “Requirements for prevention of brittle fracture“ Table B.4-
25、1: “Reference thickness“ MATERIAL REQUIREMENTS fReferences: EN 13445-2:2009 Unfired pressure vessels Part 2: Materials Clause 4.1.6: Specified minimum impact energy measured on a Charpy-V-notch specimen at a test temperature in accordance with Annex B. EN 13445-4:2009 Unfired pressure vessels Part 4
26、: Fabrication Clause 8: “Manufacture and testing of welds Production test“ Testing of coupon plates with the same required impact energy as above. Comments: Impact requirements are also specified for sub-sized Charpy-V-notch specimen if the base material is less than 10 mm thick. EXAMINATION REQUIRE
27、MENTS gReferences: EN 13445-5:2009 Unfired pressure vessels Part 5: Inspection and testing Clause 6: “Inspection and testing during fabrication“, 6.6 “Non-destructive testing of welded joints“. Comments: There are four testing (examination) groups: 1 (full NDE), 2 (full NDE and reduction with succes
28、sful experience, fully mechanised and/or automatic welding process), 3 (spot testing), 4 (visual examination only and higher test pressure). Acceptance criteria are based on EN ISO 5817:2007, level C (level B in critical areas when vessels are subjected to cyclic loads, see Annex G of EN 13445-5:200
29、9). PD CEN/TR 13445-9:2011CEN/TR 13445-9:2011 (E) 8 TESTING REQUIREMENTS hReferences: EN 13445-5:2009 Unfired pressure vessels Part 5: Inspection and testing Clause 10: “Final assessment“, 10.2.3 “Proof test“. Comments: Higher pressure test for vessels with visual NDE only. USE / FAILURE HISTORY iRe
30、ferences: Comments: a Failure mode addressed by this form (See Table 1). b Provide specific clause or paragraph references (including the title, if any) indicating where relevant rules can be found. These references need not be exhaustive, but should be detailed enough to establish that the standard
31、 adequately addresses the selected failure mode. c Provide explanatory comments indicating the background for the approach employed or other material that might be useful. For example, brief description of failure theor(ies) used should be provided. References to academic papers and empirical testin
32、g methods used to establish rules are encouraged. d Reference(s) to rules or requirements that directly affect how the standard addresses the selected failure mode, e.g. formulas for sizing wall thickness of components for resisting ductile burst. e This section may be used to provide references and
33、 comments when design tables, empirically based rules or other approaches are employed whose derivation is not obvious. It may also be used to provide general information on design margins (safety factors) on material properties, etc. Many successful standards do not provide explicit design rules fo
34、r certain failure modes yet do employ combinations of material control, temperature limits or other means to provide adequate protection against failure. This section may be used to provide information on how his standard indirectly addresses certain failure modes when explicit rules are not provide
35、d. f References for fabrication details relevant to the selected failure mode, e.g. control of cylinder ovality, weld profiling, control of tolerances, etc. For example, control of cylinder ovality is important for prevention of buckling of externally loaded vessels. This section should be used to d
36、escribe such fabrication controls relevant for the designated failure mode. g Relevant requirements for base and welding materials, e.g. control of YS/UTS ratios, provisions for addressing strain hardening, applications of heat treatment, etc. Assuring that fabrication processes have not adversely a
37、ffected material properties beyond acceptable limits can be important for preventing certain types of failures. This section should be used to describe such controls. h References for NDT or visual inspection relevant to the selected failure mode. (If NDT is correlated to design factors, this should
38、 be noted). i Provisions for final testing, i.e. hydrostatic or leak tests should be noted with specific information on normal test pressures and control of test lower and upper test pressures. j An explanation shall be provided defining the limitations in the standards scope or application relative
39、 to ISO 16528-1:2007, Clause 6.2 failure mode(s) not addressed. References to data quantifying failure rates and other relevant experience may be provided. Likely sources include regulatory authorities, trade associations and insurers. PD CEN/TR 13445-9:2011CEN/TR 13445-9:2011 (E) 9 STANDARD : Unfir
40、ed pressure vessels EN 13445:2009FAILURE MODE a: Ductile rupture EXPLICIT DESIGN dReferences b : EN 13445-3:2009 Unfired pressure vessels Part 3: Design Clause 6: “Maximum allowed values of the nominal design stress for pressure parts“ Comments c : IMPLICIT DESIGN dReferences: EN 13445-3:2009 Unfire
41、d pressure vessels Part 3: Design Annex B “Design by Analysis Direct Route“, Clause B.8.2: “Gross Plastic Deformation“ Annex C “Design by Analysis Method based on stress categories“ Comments: In Annex B, limit analysis is used. For ferritic steels, this analysis allows the use of a reduced safety fa
42、ctor versus the tensile strength at 20 C. FABRICATION DETAILS eReferences: EN 13445-4:2009 Unfired pressure vessels Part 4: Fabrication Clause 5: “Manufacturing tolerances“ Comments: PD CEN/TR 13445-9:2011CEN/TR 13445-9:2011 (E) 10 MATERIAL REQUIREMENTS fReferences: EN 13445-2:2009 Unfired pressure
43、vessels Part 2: Materials Clause 4: “Requirements for materials to be used for pressure-bearing parts“ Comments: Requirements on ductility. EXAMINATION REQUIREMENTS gReferences: EN 13445-5:2009 Unfired pressure vessels Part 5: Inspection and testing Clause 6: “Inspection and testing during fabricati
44、on“, 6.6 “Non-destructive testing of welded joints“ Comments: Acceptance criteria are based on EN ISO 5817: 2007, level C (level B in critical areas when vessels are subjected to cyclic loads, see Annex G). TESTING REQUIREMENTS hReferences: EN 13445-5:2009 Unfired pressure vessels Part 5: Inspection
45、 and testing Clause 10: “Final assessment“, 10.2.3 “Proof test“, 10.2.3.3 “Standard pressure test“, 10.2.3.9 “Acceptance criteria“ Comments: During the proof test the vessel shall show no signs of general plastic yielding. No leaks from the pressure envelope. USE / FAILURE HISTORY iReferences: Comme
46、nts: PD CEN/TR 13445-9:2011CEN/TR 13445-9:2011 (E) 11 STANDARD : Unfired pressure vessels EN 13445:2009FAILURE MODE a: Leakage at joints EXPLICIT DESIGN dReferences b : EN 13445-3:2009 Unfired pressure vessels Part 3: Design Clause 11: “Flanges“ Comments c : Requirements for circular bolted flanged
47、connections. The requirements are based on the Taylor Forge rules. Suggested values of the gasket factors are given in Annex H: “Gasket factors m and y“. IMPLICIT DESIGN dReferences: EN 13445-3:2009 Unfired pressure vessels Part 3: Design Annex G “Alternative design rules for flanges and gasketed fl
48、ange connections“ Comments: The purpose of these rules is to ensure structural integrity and leaktightness. They are most appropriate when a) thermal cycling is important b) bolt stress is controlled by the use of a defined tightening procedure c) there are significant additional loadings (forces or
49、 moments) d) leaktightness is a special importance (requirement of a specified leaktightness). Gasket factor values are provided for use with this annex. FABRICATION DETAILS eReferences: EN 13445-4:2009 Unfired pressure vessels Part 4: Fabrication Clause 5: “Manufacture tolerances“ Comments: PD CEN/TR 13445-9:2011CEN/TR 13445-9:2011 (E) 12 MATERIAL REQUIREMENTS fReferences: EN 13445-2:2009 Unfired pressure vessels Part 2: Materials Clause 4: “Requirements for materials to be used for pressure-bearing parts“.
