1、PUBLISHED DOCUMENT PD CEN/TR 14489:2005 Fire-resistant hydraulic fluids Classification and specification Guidelines on selection for the protection of safety, health and the environment ICS 75.120 PD CEN/TR 14489:2005 This Published Document was published under the authority of the Standards Policy
2、and Strategy Committee on 11 January 2006 BSI 11 January 2006 ISBN 0 580 46393 1 National foreword This Published Document is the official English language version of CEN/TR 14489:2005. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted by Technical Committee MCE/18, Fluid power systems, to Subco
3、mmittee MCE/18/-/16, Hydraulic fluids, which has the responsibility to: A list of organizations represented on this subcommittee can be obtained on request to its secretary. Cross-references The British Standards which implement international or European publications referred to in this document may
4、 be found in the BSI Catalogue under the section entitled “International Standards Correspondence Index”, or by using the “Search” facility of the BSI Electronic Catalogue or of British Standards Online. This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users a
5、re responsible for its correct application. Compliance with a Published Document does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. aid enquirers to understand the text; present to the responsible international/European committee any enquiries on the interpretation, or proposals for change,
6、and keep UK interests informed; monitor related international and European developments and promulgate them in the UK. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, the CEN/TR title page, pages 2 to 38, an inside back cover and a back cover. The BSI copyright notice
7、displayed in this document indicates when the document was last issued. Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. Date CommentsTECHNICALREPORT RAPPORTTECHNIQUE TECHNISCHERBERICHT CEN/TR14489 October2005 ICS75.120 EnglishVersion FireresistanthydraulicfluidsClassificationandspecification Guidelines
8、onselectionfortheprotectionofsafety,healthand theenvironment FluidesdifficilementinflammablesClassificationet spcificationPrincipesdirecteursdeslectiondefluides etdeconsidrationdesrisquesdescuritet denvironnement SchwerentflammbareDruckflssigkeitenKlassifikation undSpezifikationAuswahlrichtlinienurG
9、ewhrleistung vonSicherheit,GesundheitundUmweltschutz ThisTechnicalReportwasapprovedbyCENon24September2005.IthasbeendrawnupbytheTechnicalCommitteeCEN/TC19. CENmembersarethenationalstandardsbodiesofAustria,Belgium,Cyprus,CzechRepublic,Denmark,Estonia,Finland,France, Germany,Greece,Hungary,Iceland,Irel
10、and,Italy,Latvia,Lithuania,Luxembourg,Malta,Netherlands,Norway,Poland,Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia,Spain,Sweden,SwitzerlandandUnitedKingdom. EUROPEANCOMMITTEEFORSTANDARDIZATION COMITEUROPENDENORMALISATION EUROPISCHESKOMITEEFRNORMUNG ManagementCentre:ruedeStassart,36B1050Brussels 2005CEN Allrightsofe
11、xploitationinanyformandbyanymeansreserved worldwideforCENnationalMembers. Ref.No.CEN/TR14489:2005:ECEN/TR 14489:2005 2 Contents Page Foreword 3 Introduction4 1 Scope .5 2 Normative references .5 3 Terms and definitions.5 4 General requirements .6 5 Classification of fire-resistant fluids .7 6 Compli
12、ance with essential health and safety requirements (EHSR).8 7 Hazard identification.10 8 Risk estimation .13 9 Hazard control measures .14 10 Continuity of properties .16 Annex A (informative) Examples for local regulations applying to the approval and use of hydraulic fluids .17 Annex B (informativ
13、e) Fire-resistance tests and guidance on performance18 Annex C (informative) Examples of fire risk assessment procedures for hydraulic fluids 22 Annex D (informative) Tests suitable for monitoring the condition of hydraulic fluids in service.35 Bibliography.37 CEN/TR 14489:2005 3 Foreword This CEN T
14、echnical Report (CEN/TR 14489:2005) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 19 “Petroleum products, lubricants and related products”, the secretariat of which is held by NEN. This document has been prepared under mandate M/238 given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Tra
15、de Association along with other standards on fire-resistant hydraulic fluids to be complementary to the regulatory measures contained in various EU Directives. The mandated work of CEN/TC 19 is to develop European Standards for specifications and testing conditions applicable to fire-resistant hydra
16、ulic fluids. 4 Introduction The function of this Technical Report is to provide suppliers and users of equipment guidance on how compliance with the essential health and safety requirements (EHSRs) incorporated in both Product (Article 95) and User (Article 137/138) Directives issued by the European
17、 Union may be achieved in respect of the use of fire-resistant hydraulic fluids. It builds upon the guidance provided in EN 1050 on the principles of risk assessment. EN 1050 in turn supports Directive 92/104/EEC 1. The document was considered necessary because the specialised nature of fire-resista
18、nt fluids and the tests used to quantify their properties may not in general be familiar to prospective machinery manufacturers and users. Because several Directives deal with the prevention of fire it is necessary to consider other aspects in addition to the tests used to quantify fire properties.
19、The use of fire-resistant hydraulic fluids is a fire protection measure. A fire occurs if combustible materials or explosive gases, oxygen and an ignition source are all present at the same time. If there is a danger of an ignition source being present when hydraulic installations are in use, one me
20、thod of improving safety may be to replace more combustible mineral oil by a fire-resistant hydraulic fluid. Fire-resistant fluids provide fire protection. Their use, however, shall not jeopardise other safety measures as, in addition to requirements for fire resistance, there are additionally requi
21、rements for assessing effects on the health of workers and, increasingly, on potential effects on the environment. Guidance on the information needed is contained in this Technical Report. IMPORTANT This document does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with the use of hydra
22、ulic systems. It is concerned with the use of fire-resistant fluids as a means of reducing the risk of fire. It is the responsibility of the user of this document to establish appropriate safety and health practices to reduce other safety risks and to determine the applicability of regulatory regime
23、s. CEN/TR 14489:20055 1 Scope This Technical Report gives guidance on the achievement of compliance with Essential Health and Safety Requirements (EHSR) by the selection of fire-resistant fluids or by other means. It includes consideration of the selection of fluids with lower levels of fire resista
24、nce and of mineral oil, with appropriate additional safety measures, where this option may be considered to be most satisfactory during operation. This Technical Report is concerned with assessing the fire resistance, health properties and effects on the environment, but does not cover requirements
25、for their general physical and chemical properties, which are detailed in EN ISO 12922. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition o
26、f the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 1050:1996, Safety of machinery - Principles for risk assessment. EN ISO 2592, Determination of flash and fire points Cleveland open cup method (ISO 2592:2000). EN ISO 6743-4, Lubricants, industrial oils and related products (class L) C
27、lassification Part 4: Family H (Hydraulic systems) (ISO 6743-4:1999). EN ISO 12922, Lubricants, industrial oils and related products (class L) - Family H (Hydraulic systems) - Specifications for categories HFAE, HFAS, HFB, HFC, HFDR and HFDU (ISO 12922:1999, including Technical Corrigendum 1:2001).
28、EN ISO 14935, Petroleum and related products Determination of wick flame persistence of fire-resistant fluids (ISO 14935:1998). ISO 3448, Industrial liquid lubricants - ISO viscosity classification. ISO 7745, Hydraulic fluid power Fire-resistant (FR) fluids Guidelines for use. 3 Terms and definition
29、s For the purposes of this Technical Report, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 safety freedom from unacceptable risk ISO/IEC Guide 51:1999 3.2 risk combination of the probability of occurrence of harm and the severity of that harm ISO/IEC Guide 51:1999 3.3 harm physical injury or damage
30、 to the health of people, or damage to property or the environment CEN/TR 14489:20056 ISO/IEC Guide 51:1999 3.4 hazard potential source of harm ISO/IEC Guide 51:1999 3.5 hazardous event event that can cause harm 3.6 safety measure means that eliminates a hazard or reduces a risk 3.7 risk assessment
31、overall process comprising a risk analysis and a risk evaluation ISO/IEC Guide 51:1999 3.8 risk analysis systematic use of available information to identify hazards and to estimate the risk ISO/IEC Guide 51:1999 3.9 risk evaluation procedure based on the risk analysis to determine whether the tolera
32、ble risk has been achieved ISO/IEC Guide 51:1999 3.10 environmental properties chemical or physical properties of a hydraulic fluid which may interact with the environment 3.11 fire resistance ability of a fluid to fulfil an expected duty in standard fire resistance tests 3.12 fire-resistant having
33、the property of fire resistance according to one or more standard test methods 4 General requirements In circumstances where it is necessary to use hydraulic fluids, an assessment is needed as to whether fire- resistant fluids may be the best option for reducing the risk of fire starting and spreadi
34、ng. Where fire-resistant fluids are chosen they shall make an overall contribution towards improving safety. Hence they shall not only meet requirements for fire resistance but also for the protection of the health of workers and the environment and, shall not jeopardise other safety measures that m
35、ay be in use. The primary reason for selecting fire- resistant fluids is to protect against the risk of fire: protection of the environment may be achieved by methods other than the properties of the fluids. CEN/TR 14489:20057 In some countries in the European Union (EU) and European Free Trade Asso
36、ciation (EFTA) governments operate approval schemes for hydraulic fluids or impose local regulations, which require that particular levels of performance be met in specific tests to allow fluids to be used in certain industrial situations (see Annex A). Compliance with these schemes and regulations
37、is considered by the regulatory authorities in those countries to constitute compliance with the appropriate EU Directives for the application of hydraulic fluids. It should be noted that such regulations take precedence over CEN standards, and potential suppliers and users of hydraulic fluids shoul
38、d establish whether approval schemes or local regulations exist. Annex A contains a list of the countries that operate approval schemes for hydraulic fluids or impose local regulations. Fire-resistant hydraulic fluids shall conform to the specifications laid down for the various industries by the Eu
39、ropean Authorities and/or the certification authorities of each member state according to the risks arising in each industry, distinguishing if necessary between installations giving rise to greater or lesser hazards. Certification shall be carried out with reference to the specifications and standa
40、rds issued by the European or national authorities and should be based on the tests contained in Annex B and C of this Technical Report. 5 Classification of fire-resistant fluids Table 1 lists the main categories of fire-resistant fluids as found in EN ISO 6743-4, their compositions and applications
41、. Fire-resistant fluids in accordance with EN ISO 6743-4 are hydraulic fluids which are classified as fire-resistant in accordance with particular fire test procedures. They achieve their fire resistance either because they contain water or because their chemical composition confers fire resistance.
42、 Only water and fire-resistant fluids of type HFA with water content above 90 % are considered to be non-combustible. Fire-resistant fluids do, however, require a substantially greater input of energy to cause ignition than conventional mineral oil hydraulic fluids and may not sustain combustion aft
43、er leaving the ignition source. The level of fire resistance shall be established by the use of a range of standard protocols (for guidance see Annex B). In the event that a test representing the particular circumstance of use is not included in EN ISO 12922 then data from other fire-resistance test
44、s having adequate precision may be invoked, subject to local regulations. CEN/TR 14489:20058 Table 1 Categories of fire-resistant fluids, their compositions and applications according to EN ISO 6743-4 Type aSymbol Composition Typical applications and operating temperature range b1. AQUEOUS FLUIDS eH
45、FAE bOil-in-water emulsions. Emulsifying oil content less than 20 % by mass and typically in the range 1 % to 5 % by mass. Hydraulic systems in continuous casting plant, mine roof supports. Operating temperature range 5 C to 50 C. HFAS cChemical solutions in water. Concentrate content less than 20 %
46、 by mass and typically 1 % to 5 % by mass. Hydraulic systems in continuous casting plant, mine roof supports. Operating temperature range 5 C to 50 C. HFB and HFB LT Water-in-oil emulsions. Mineral oil content approximately 60 % by mass, “LT” designation indicates emulsions that are stable at low te
47、mperatures Hydrostatic systems in coal mines. Operating temperature range 5 C to 50 C. HFC Water polymer solutions. Water content not less than 35 % by mass Hydrostatic systems in steel plant and coal mines. Operating temperature range 20 C to 50 C. 2. ANHYDROUS FLUIDS HFDR Synthetic fluids containi
48、ng no water and consisting of phosphate esters Hydrodynamic couplings, operating temperature up to 150 C and hydrostatic transmissions, operating temperature range 20 C to 70 C. HFDU dSynthetic fluids containing no water and of other composition Hydrostatic transmissions operating temperature range 20 C to 70 C. a Viscosity grade according to ISO 3448. The viscosity grades most commonly encountered are 32, 46, 68 and 100. bSee ISO 7745 for additional information. c The viscosity of HFAE and HFAS fluids that contain 95 % or more of water is very close to that of water
