1、PUBLISHED DOCUMENTPD CEN/TR 14788:2006Ventilation for buildings Design and dimensioning of residential ventilation systemsICS 91.140.30g49g50g3g38g50g51g60g44g49g42g3g58g44g55g43g50g56g55g3g37g54g44g3g51g40g53g48g44g54g54g44g50g49g3g40g59g38g40g51g55g3g36g54g3g51g40g53g48g44g55g55g40g39g3g37g60g3g38
2、g50g51g60g53g44g42g43g55g3g47g36g58PD CEN/TR 14788:2006This Published Document was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 May 2006 BSI 2006ISBN 0 580 48432 7National forewordThis Published Document is the official English language version of CEN/TR 14788:2
3、006.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee RHE/2, Ventilation for buildings, heating and hot water services, which has the responsibility to: A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary.Cross-referencesThe Br
4、itish Standards which implement international or European publications referred to in this document may be found in the BSI Catalogue under the section entitled “International Standards Correspondence Index”, or by using the “Search” facility of the BSI Electronic Catalogue or of British Standards O
5、nline.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. Compliance with a Published Document does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. aid enquirers to understand the text; present to the respo
6、nsible international/European committee any enquiries on the interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep UK interests informed; monitor related international and European developments and promulgate them in the UK.Summary of pagesThis document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, th
7、e CEN/TR title page, pages 2 to 61 and a back cover.The BSI copyright notice displayed in this document indicates when the document was last issued.Amendments issued since publicationAmd. No. Date CommentsTECHNICAL REPORTRAPPORT TECHNIQUETECHNISCHER BERICHTCEN/TR 14788March 2006ICS 91.140.30English
8、VersionVentilation for buildings - Design and dimensioning of residentialventilation systemsVentilation des btiments - Conception etdimensionnement des systmes de ventilation rsidentielsLftung von Gebuden - Ausfhrung und Bemessung derLftungssysteme von WohnungenThis Technical Report was approved by
9、CEN on 30 January 2006. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee CEN/TC 156.CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France,Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Net
10、herlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania,Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATIONCOMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATIONEUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNGManagement Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels 2006 CEN All rights of exploitation i
11、n any form and by any means reservedworldwide for CEN national Members.Ref. No. CEN/TR 14788:2006: E2 Contents Page Foreword3 1 Scope 4 2 References4 3 Terms and definitions .5 4 Symbols and units.6 5 Need for ventilation in dwellings (residences) .6 6 Design assumptions for residential ventilation9
12、 7 Performance requirements for ventilation systems.10 8 Design rules for residential ventilation systems22 9 Specification and documentation 27 Annex A (informative) Residential pollutant production rates .28 Annex B (informative) The relationship between humidity and temperature and use of the psy
13、chrometric chart 31 Annex C (informative) Method of calculating water vapour absorption effect .33 Annex D (informative) Residential ventilation systems and their interaction with the dwelling.35 Annex E (informative) Calculation methods for ventilation requirements 40 Annex F (informative) Examples
14、 of assumptions and resulting calculated values for ventilation air flow rates 43 Annex G (informative) Noise 52 Annex H (informative) Nomograph for calculating air flow rate to reduce the risk of surface condensation occurring on the inner wall surface for various wall U-values and ambient air cond
15、itions.59 Bibliography 61 CEN/TR 14788:20063 Foreword This Technical Report (CEN/TR 14788:2006) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 156 “Ventilation of buildings”, the secretariat of which is held by BSI. CEN/TR 14788:20064 1 Scope This Technical Report specifies recommendations for the
16、performance and design of ventilation systems which serve single family, multi family and apartment type dwellings during both summer and winter. It is of particular interest to architects, designers, builders and those involved with implementing national, regional and local regulations and standard
17、s. Four basic ventilation strategies are covered; natural ventilation, fan assisted supply air ventilation, fan assisted exhaust air ventilation and fan assisted balanced air ventilation. Combinations of these systems are not excluded and a ventilation system may serve only one dwelling (individual
18、system) or more than one dwelling (central system). The ventilation aspects of combined systems (ventilation with heating and/or cooling) are covered. The ventilation of garages, common spaces, roof voids, sub-floor voids, wall cavities and other spaces in the structure, under, over or around the li
19、ving space are not covered. Ventilation systems covered by this Technical Report may affect the entry and dilution of radon and other gases from the ground but these effects are not covered in this Technical Report. Ventilation systems designed to reduce the entry of radon and other gases from the g
20、round are not covered by this Technical Report. 2 References The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this Technical Report. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any a
21、mendments) applies. EN 779, Particulate air filters for general ventilation Determination of the filtration performance EN 1507, Ventilation for buildings Sheet metal air ducts with rectangular section Requirements for strength and leakage ENV 12097, Ventilation for buildings Ductwork Requirements f
22、or ductwork components to facilitate maintenance of ductwork systems EN 12236, Ventilation for buildings Ductwork hangers and supports Requirements for strength EN 12237, Ventilation for buildings Ductwork Strength and leakage of circular sheet metal ducts EN 12792:2003, Ventilation for buildings Sy
23、mbols, terminology and graphical symbols EN 13141-1, Ventilation for buildings Performance testing of components/products for residential ventilation Part 1: Externally and internally mounted air transfer devices EN 13465, Ventilation for buildings Calculation methods for the determination of air fl
24、ow rates in dwellings EN 14134, Ventilation for buildings Performance testing and installation checks of residential ventilation systems EN 13779, Ventilation for non-residential buildings Performance requirements for ventilation and room conditioning systems EN 20140-10, Acoustics Measurement of so
25、und insulation in building and building elements Part 10: Laboratory measurement of airborne sound insulation of small building elements (ISO 140-10:1991) EN ISO 140-3, Acoustics Measurement of sound insulation in buildings and of building elements Part 3: Laboratory measurement of airborne sound in
26、sulation of building elements (ISO 140-3:1995) EN ISO 10211-1, Thermal bridges in building construction Heat flow and surface temperatures Part 1: General calculation method (ISO 10211-1:1995) CEN/TR 14788:20065 ISO 9972, Thermal insulation Determination of building airtightness Fan pressurization m
27、ethod 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this Technical Report, the terms and definitions given in EN 12792:2003 and the following apply. 3.1 activity room room used for activities such as cooking, washing and bathing which is characterised by relatively high pollutant emission (which may b
28、e intermittent), e.g. a kitchen, bathroom, laundry/utility room, WC 3.2 background pollutants group of indoor pollutants mainly represented by water vapour and carbon dioxide from respiration, but also including a large number of other pollutants emitted by materials, furnishings and products used i
29、n the dwelling. Their source rates are relatively low but continuous and diffuse 3.3 common space corridor, stairway or atrium used for access to a dwelling or dwellings 3.4 cross ventilation (in a natural ventilation system) natural ventilation in which air flow mainly results from wind pressure ef
30、fects on the building facades and in which stack effect in the building is of less importance 3.5 fan assisted balanced ventilation ventilation which employs powered air movement components in both the supply and exhaust air sides in order to achieve a design flow rate/pressure ratio EN 12792:2003,
31、149 3.6 fan assisted exhaust air ventilation ventilation which employs powered air movement components in the exhaust air side only EN 12792:2003, 150 3.7 fan assisted supply air ventilation ventilation which employs powered air movement components in the supply air side only EN 12792:2003, 154 3.8
32、low pollution room room used for dwelling purposes which is characterised by relatively low pollution emission, e.g. a bedroom, living room, dining room, study, but not a space used only for storage 3.9 outdoor air controlled air entering the system or opening from outdoors before any air treatment
33、(coded green) EN 12792:2003, 280 CEN/TR 14788:20066 3.10 natural ventilation system ventilation system which relies on pressure differences without the aid of powered air movement components 3.11 specific pollutants group of indoor pollutants mainly represented by water vapour, carbon dioxide and od
34、ours, whose production is related to specific human activities in the dwelling (such as cooking, washing, bathing). Their source rates are relatively high but of short duration, and in specific locations in the dwelling 3.12 stack effect movement of air or gas in a vertical enclosure (e.g. duct, chi
35、mney, building) induced by density difference between the air or gas in the enclosure and the ambient atmosphere 3.13 standard air atmospheric air having density 1,2 kg.m-3at 20 C, 101 325 Pa (1 013,25 mbar) and 65 % relative humidity EN 12792:2003, 340 3.14 ventilation designed supply and removal o
36、f air to and from a treated space EN 12792:2003, 388 3.15 ventilation flow rate volume flow rate at which ventilation air is supplied and removed EN 12792:392 NOTE Normally uses standard air condition. 3.16 ventilation installation combination of the ventilation or air conditioning installation and
37、the building itself 3.17 ventilation system combination of all components required to provide ventilation NOTE The definitions 3.16 and 3.17 are the reverse of those given in EN 12792 and reflect the terms in more common usage in the industry. 4 Symbols and units For the purpose of this Technical Re
38、port, the symbols and units given in EN 12792:2003 apply. 5 Need for ventilation in dwellings (residences) 5.1 General A supply of outdoor air in buildings is normally regarded as being required for one or more of the following purposes: CEN/TR 14788:20067 a) dilution and/or removal of background po
39、llutants such as substances emitted by furnishings and building materials and cleaning materials used in the building, odours, metabolic CO2and water vapour; b) dilution and/or removal of specific pollutants from identifiable local sources such as toilet odours, cooking odours, water vapour from coo
40、king or bathing, environmental tobacco smoke, combustion products from fuel burning appliances; c) provision for occupants for respiration; d) control of internal humidity; e) provision of air for fuel burning appliances. These purposes are all with regard to the health of the occupants and the buil
41、ding. Ventilation is primarily concerned with the first four purposes (a) to d) but it is linked to the last one (e). In providing ventilation it is important to also consider other aspects of performance including thermal comfort, durability, fire safety, noise and energy use. 5.2 Composition of ou
42、tside air The proportions of the three main elements of outside air, oxygen (20,9 %), nitrogen (79,0 %) and carbon dioxide (0,034 %) do not vary significantly in outside air. Carbon dioxide may be found at higher concentrations in built-up areas and may be high enough to affect ventilation provision
43、. The main variable constituent of outside air is water vapour. Across Europe the typical specific moisture ranges from 1,0 g up to 16 g moisture per kg dry air during yearly weather conditions (see Annex B for further information). However, in some situations the concentrations of other outdoor pol
44、lutants (mainly pollutants from motor vehicles in city areas) may reach unacceptable levels. The designer may wish to consider filtration of outdoor air by adding filters to the ventilation system. At present it is generally only practicable to provide filters for particulate matter. 5.3 Dilution an
45、d removal of indoor pollutants A wide range of airborne pollutants is generated by sources within dwellings, including gases, vapours, tobacco smoke, biologically inert particulates (e.g. dusts and fibres) and viable particulates (e.g. fungal spores, viruses and bacteria). Such pollutants may have t
46、he potential to harm the health or comfort of occupants or may lead to damage to the dwelling fabric. Indoor pollutants may be divided into three groups: specific pollutants which can be substantially removed by local ventilation close to identifiable local sources; background pollutants which have
47、diffuse sources or for other reasons cannot be dealt with by local ventilation; and combustion products from fuel burning appliances (combustion products are discussed in 5.6 and 7.3). Production rates of pollutants are best known (or predicable) where the source is combustion or where the pollutant
48、 results from the presence or activities of occupants. Production rates are less well defined where the source is related to the fabric or furnishings of the dwelling. At present there is no consistent approach to setting acceptable indoor concentrations for many of the diverse source pollutants in
49、dwellings, however, in the general case they are believed to be adequately removed by ventilation for those few pollutants whose source rates and acceptable levels are known. The known pollutants are discussed in the following subclauses. 5.4 Human respiration The body requires oxygen for the production of energy at a rate proportional to metabolic rate. However, the main limiting factor is not the supply of oxygen but the build-up of water vapour and carbon dioxide in expired air, whose production rates from hum
