1、BSI Standards PublicationPD CEN/TR 15449-1:2012Geographic information Spatial data infrastructuresPart 1: Reference modelPD CEN/TR 15449-1:2012 PUBLISHED DOCUMENTNational forewordThis Published Document is the UK implementation of CEN/TR 15449-1:2012. Together with PD CEN/TR 15449-2:2012, PD CEN/TR
2、15449-3:2012 and PD CEN/TR 15449-4, it supersedes PD CEN/TR 15449:2011, which will be withdrawn upon publication of all parts of the series.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee IST/36, Geographic information.A list of organizations represented on this committe
3、e can be obtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. The British Standards Institution 2013. Published by BSI Standards Limited 2013ISBN 978 0 580 77500 0 ICS 07.040;
4、35.240.70 Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations.This Published Document was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 July 2013.Amendments issued since publicationDate T e x t a f f e c t e dPD CEN/TR 15449-1:2012TEC
5、HNICAL REPORT RAPPORT TECHNIQUE TECHNISCHER BERICHT CEN/TR 15449-1 October 2012 ICS 07.040; 35.240.70 Supersedes CEN/TR 15449:2011English Version Geographic information - Spatial data infrastructures - Part 1: Reference model Information gographique - Infrastructures de donnes spatiales - Partie 1:
6、Modle de rfrence Geoinformation - Geodateninfrastrukturen - Teil 1: Referenzmodell This Technical Report was approved by CEN on 27 May 2012. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee CEN/TC 287. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech
7、 Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom. EUR
8、OPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2012 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. CEN/TR 15449-1:2012: EPD CEN/T
9、R 15449-1:2012CEN/TR 15449-1:2012 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword 41 Scope 72 Normative references 73 Terms and definitions .74 Abbreviated terms .85 SDI interoperability 95.1 Interoperability Standards 95.2 Challenges . 105.2.1 Costs 105.2.2 Quality 105.2.3 Impact and checkpoints . 115.3 The European
10、Interoperability Framework (EIF) . 115.4 The Architectural reference model . 135.4.1 Data 135.4.2 Services . 145.5 Combining EIF and the Architectural service reference model . 165.6 SDI as a dynamic framework . 176 Reference Model for a SDI . 197 SDI Components . 217.1 SDI core component . 217.2 Ap
11、plication and Geo-portal components . 227.3 Relations among service components . 238 Standards to implement the Core components . 248.1 Framework standards 248.2 Relevant standards . 24Annex A EU policy documents relevant to standardisation and interoperability . 26A.1 Introduction . 26A.2 Policy do
12、cuments . 26A.3 Strategy and framework documents. 26Annex B Directive 2007/2/EC Infrastructure for Spatial Information in the European Community 27B.1 General . 27B.2 Legal acts 27B.3 Metadata Implementing Rules . 27B.3.1 Legal acts 27B.3.2 Guidance Documents . 28B.4 Data Specifications Implementing
13、 Rules . 28B.4.1 Legal acts 28B.4.2 Guidance Documents . 28B.4.2.1 Framework documents 28B.5 Network Services Implementing Rules 30B.5.1 Legal acts 30B.5.2 Guidance Documents . 30B.6 Spatial Data Services Implementing Rules 30B.7 Data and service sharing Implementing Rules 30B.7.1 Legal acts 30B.7.2
14、 Guidelines and good practice documents . 30B.8 Monitoring and reporting Implementing Rules 31PD CEN/TR 15449-1:2012CEN/TR 15449-1:2012 (E) 3 B.8.1 Legal acts . 31B.8.2 Guidelines, justification document and templates 31Annex C Description of referenced ISO standards . 32Annex D CEN/TC 287 and ISO/T
15、C 211 standards 34Annex E Open Geospatial Consortium specifications . 37PD CEN/TR 15449-1:2012CEN/TR 15449-1:2012 (E) 4 Foreword This document (CEN/TR 15449-1:2012) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 287 “Geographic information”, the secretariat of which is held by BSI. Attention is dra
16、wn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This document supersedes CEN/TR 15449:2011. The present standard comprises the following parts: CEN/TR
17、 15449-1, Geographic information Spatial data infrastructures Part 1: Reference model (the present part); CEN/TR 15449-2, Geographic information Spatial data infrastructures Part 2: Best practices; CEN/TR 15449-3, Geographic information Spatial data infrastructures Part 3: Data centric view; CEN/TR
18、15449-4, Geographic information Spatial Data Infrastructure (SDI) Part 4: Service centric view. PD CEN/TR 15449-1:2012CEN/TR 15449-1:2012 (E) 5 Introduction Spatial data infrastructure (SDI) is a general term for the computerised environment for handling data that relates to a position on or near th
19、e surface of the earth. It may be defined in a range of ways, in different circumstances, from the local up to the global level. This Technical Report focuses on the technical aspects of SDIs, thereby limiting the term SDI to mean an implementation neutral-technological infrastructure for geospatial
20、 data and services, based upon standards and specifications. It does not consider an SDI as a carefully designed and dedicated information system; rather, it is viewed as a collaborative framework of disparate information systems that contain resources that stakeholders desire to share. The common d
21、enominator of SDI resources, which can be data or services, is their spatial nature. It is understood that the framework is in constant evolution, and that therefore the requirements for standards and specifications supporting SDI implementations evolve continuously. SDIs are becoming more and more
22、linked and integrated with systems developed in the context of e-Government. Important drivers for this evolution are the Digital Agenda for Europe, and related policies (cf. Annex A). This Technical Report takes these developments into account. By sharing emerging requirements at an early stage wit
23、h the standardization bodies, users of SDIs can help influence the revision of existing or the conception of new standards. The users of an SDI are considered to be those individuals or organisations that, in the context of their business processes, need to share and access geo-resources in a meanin
24、gful and sustainable way. Based on platform- and vendor-neutral standards and specifications, an SDI aims at assisting organisations and individuals in publishing, finding, delivering, and eventually, using geographic information and services over the internet across borders of information communiti
25、es in a more cost-effective manner. Existing material about SDIs abounds. The criteria used for determining if a given standard or specification is referred to in this report are that the publication addresses an aspect of an SDI; and the publication is non- proprietary in nature. Based on these con
26、siderations, the following reports have been taken into account: legal texts and guidelines produced in the context of INSPIRE; documents produced by ISO/TC 211 (and co-published by CEN); documents produced by the Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC), including the OpenGIS Reference Model (ORM) (OGC, 20
27、03); the European Interoperability Framework and related documents; deliverables from the European Union-funded projects (e.g. GIGAS, SANY). Considering the complexity of the subject and the need to capture and formalise different conceptual and modelling views, CEN/TR 15449 is comprised of multiple
28、 parts: Part 1: Reference model: this provides a general context model for the other Parts, applying general IT architecture standards. Part 2: Best Practices: this provides best practices guidance for implementing SDI, through the evaluation of the projects in the frame of the European Union fundin
29、g programmes. PD CEN/TR 15449-1:2012CEN/TR 15449-1:2012 (E) 6 Part 3: Data centric view: this addresses concerns related to the data, which includes application schemas and metadata. Part 4: Service centric view (in preparation): this includes the taxonomy of services, concepts of interoperability,
30、service architecture, service catalogue, and the underlying IT standards. Further parts may be created in the future. PD CEN/TR 15449-1:2012CEN/TR 15449-1:2012 (E) 7 1 Scope This part of the Technical Report provides a reference model for a Spatial Data Infrastructure (SDI). It covers framework stan
31、dards and identifies the relevant standards, technical specifications, technical reports and guidelines. This part of the Technical Report provides a context model for the other parts of this Technical Report applying general architecture standards. The intended readership of this Technical Report a
32、re those people who are responsible for creating frameworks for SDIs, experts contributing to INSPIRE, experts in information and communication technologies and e-government that need to familiarise themselves with geographic information and SDI concepts, and standards developers and writers. 2 Norm
33、ative references Not applicable. 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 conceptual formalism set of modelling concepts used to describe a conceptual model EXAMPLE UML meta model, EXPRESS meta model. Note 1 to entry: One conceptual fo
34、rmalism can be expressed in several conceptual schema languages. SOURCE: EN ISO 19101:2005 3.2 conceptual model model that defines concepts of a universe of discourse SOURCE: EN ISO 19101:2005 3.3 conceptual schema formal description of a conceptual model SOURCE: EN ISO 19101:2005 3.4 conceptual sch
35、ema language formal language based on a conceptual formalism for the purpose of representing conceptual schemas EXAMPLE UML, EXPRESS, IDEF1X. Note 1 to entry: A conceptual schema language may be lexical or graphical. Several conceptual schema languages can be based on the same conceptual formalism.
36、SOURCE: EN ISO 19101:2005 PD CEN/TR 15449-1:2012CEN/TR 15449-1:2012 (E) 8 3.5 conformance fulfilment of specified requirements SOURCE: EN ISO 19113:2005 3.6 identifier linguistically independent sequence of characters capable of uniquely and permanently identifying that with which it is associated S
37、OURCE: ISO/IEC 11179-3:2003 3.7 interoperability capability to communicate, execute programs, or transfer data among various functional units in a manner that requires the user to have little or no knowledge of the unique characteristics of those units SOURCE: ISO/IEC 2382-1:1993 3.8 reference frame
38、 aggregation of the data needed by different components of an information system 3.9 resource asset or means that fulfils a requirement SOURCE: EN ISO 19115:2005 3.10 Spatial Data Infrastructure SDI metadata, spatial data sets and spatial data services; network services and technologies; agreements
39、on sharing, access and use; coordination and monitoring mechanisms, processes and procedures, established, operated or made available in an interoperable manner SOURCE: INSPIRE Note 1 to entry: In the context of this report the term SDI is restricted to a platform- and implementation-neutral technol
40、ogical infrastructure for geospatial data and services, based upon standards and specifications. 3.11 use case specification of a sequence of actions, including variants, that a system (or other entity) can perform, interacting with actors of the system SOURCE: ISO/IEC 19501:2005 4 Abbreviated terms
41、 API application programming interface CORBA Common Object Request Broker Architecture EIF European Interoperability Framework PD CEN/TR 15449-1:2012CEN/TR 15449-1:2012 (E) 9 EN European Standard (CEN deliverable) INSPIRE Infrastructure for Spatial Information in Europe GI geographic information GML
42、 Geography Markup Language ISO International Organization for Standardization ICT information and communications technology ODP Open Distributed Processing OGC Open Geospatial Consortium OLE/COM Object linking and embedding/ Component Object Model OMG Object Management Group OSE Open Systems Environ
43、ment RM-ODP Reference Model of Open Distributed Processing SDI Spatial Data Infrastructure SLD Styled Layer Descriptor SOA Service Oriented Architecture UML Unified Modelling Language WAI Web Accessibility Initiative WCS Web Coverage Service interface specification WFS Web Feature Service interface
44、specification WMS Web Map Service interface specification W3C World Wide Web Consortium XML eXtensible Markup Language XSL eXtensible Stylesheet Language 5 SDI interoperability 5.1 Interoperability Standards A Spatial Data Infrastructure (SDI) relies on standards and specifications in the field of g
45、eographic information and information technology. This chapter systematically identifies standards that are of particular relevance to SDI development and implementation. A necessary condition for the successful establishment of a SDI is that the software industry supports relevant standards in comm
46、ercial products. At the same time, public authorities are to request the support of standards in public procurement processes. PD CEN/TR 15449-1:2012CEN/TR 15449-1:2012 (E) 10 Many of the standards and specifications are already available. There is, however, a need to systematically identify these s
47、tandards and to determine whether or not they are sufficiently precise and unambiguous so that their implementation provides interoperability and fulfils requirements of an SDI in Europe. Standards should make interoperability as easy, simple and reliable as possible. The ISO 19100-series of standar
48、ds both individually and collectively are quite complex. The risk of different interpretations of the same standard in different implementations exists and has to be minimised as much as possible. The aim must be to establish implementations of the standards which are as unambiguous and precise as p
49、ossible. Avoiding variations of interpretation can be achieved through the use of suitable, standard based tools for data modelling, interface description, data transfer and quality control. Recent EU initiatives have brought Interoperability to centre-stage of the European Unions ICT governance framework. A rang
