1、BSI Standards PublicationPD CEN/TR 15728:2016Design and use of inserts forlifting and handling of precastconcrete elementsPD CEN/TR 15728:2016 PUBLISHED DOCUMENTNational forewordThis Published Document is the UK implementation of CEN/TR 15728:2016. It supersedes PD CEN/TR 15728:2008 which is withdra
2、wn.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee B/524, Precast concrete products.A list of organizations represented on this committee can beobtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessaryprovisions of a contract. Use
3、rs are responsible for its correctapplication. The British Standards Institution 2016. Published by BSI StandardsLimited 2016ISBN 978 0 580 89849 5ICS 91.100.30Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity fromlegal obligations.This Published Document was published under the authority of
4、 theStandards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 March 2016.Amendments issued since publicationDate Text affectedPD CEN/TR 15728:2016TECHNICAL REPORT RAPPORT TECHNIQUE TECHNISCHER BERICHT CEN/TR 15728 February 2016 ICS 91.100.30 Supersedes CEN/TR 15728:2008English Version Design and use of inserts
5、for lifting and handling of precast concrete elements Conception et utilisation dinserts pour le levage et la manutention du bton prfabriqu - lments Bemessung und Anwendung von Transportankern fr Betonfertigteile - Elemente This Technical Report was approved by CEN on 27 July 2015. It has been drawn
6、 up by the Technical Committee CEN/TC 229. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Lux
7、embourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey andUnited Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Bruss
8、els 2016 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. CEN/TR 15728:2016 EPD CEN/TR 15728:2016CEN/TR 15728:2016 (E) 2 Contents Page European foreword . 4 1 Scope 5 1.1 General 5 1.2 Types of inserts for lifting and handling . 5 1.3
9、Minimum dimensions 5 2 Normative references 5 3 Terms and definitions and symbols . 6 3.1 Definitions . 6 3.2 Symbols . 8 3.2.1 Action and resistance 8 3.2.2 Concrete and steel . 8 3.2.3 Inserts 9 4 Basis of design 9 4.1 General 9 4.2 Required verifications . 9 4.3 Design Principles . 9 4.3.1 Limit
10、state design 9 4.3.2 Ultimate limit state . 9 4.3.3 Admissible load design 10 4.4 Verification . 11 4.4.1 General . 11 4.4.2 Partial factor method (Ultimate limit state) 11 5 Actions on inserts . 12 5.1 General . 12 5.2 Effect of lifting procedures on load directions 13 5.3 Actions from adhesion and
11、 form friction 14 5.4 Dynamic actions 15 5.5 Combined actions . 16 6 Design of lifting inserts and anchorage in concrete by calculation . 16 6.1 General conditions . 16 6.2 Types of inserts covered 17 6.2.1 Inserts independently placed on the market . 17 6.2.2 Inserts made by the precaster . 19 6.3
12、General design . 19 6.3.1 Failure modes 19 6.3.2 Design procedures . 20 6.3.3 Unreinforced concrete . 20 6.3.4 Reinforced concrete 22 6.4 Lifting inserts . 24 6.4.1 General design . 24 6.4.2 Lifting loops of smooth bars . 24 6.4.3 Lifting loops of strands . 26 6.4.4 Lifting loops of steel wire ropes
13、 26 6.5 Lifting of walls and linear elements 27 PD CEN/TR 15728:2016CEN/TR 15728:2016 (E) 3 6.5.1 General . 27 6.5.2 Minimum thickness of wall or element 28 6.5.3 Anchorage reinforcement 28 6.6 Lifting of slabs and pipes 30 6.6.1 Minimum edge distances . 30 6.6.2 Anchorage reinforcement 30 7 Design
14、of lifting inserts and anchorage in concrete by testing 31 7.1 General conditions . 31 7.2 Specification of specimens 32 7.2.1 Areas of application . 32 7.2.2 Design of test specimen 32 7.2.3 Age of concrete specimen at testing . 34 7.2.4 Specification of inserts 34 7.3 Loading conditions . 34 7.3.1
15、 Load and support conditions 34 7.3.2 Loading history 35 7.3.3 Measurements . 35 7.4 Test programs 35 7.4.1 General . 35 7.4.2 Tests to verify prior knowledge 36 7.4.3 Tests utilizing no prior knowledge Determination of properties for one insert used for specific applications . 36 7.5 Assessment of
16、the test results 36 7.6 Test report 36 7.6.1 General information 36 7.6.2 Test members 37 7.6.3 Installation of the insert . 37 7.6.4 Measured values . 37 7.6.5 Evaluation report 38 8 Lifting and handling instructions . 38 Annex A (informative) Information to be given by the insert supplier . 39 A.1
17、 Information on the content of an operational manual 39 Annex B (informative) Use of Suppliers recommendations 42 Bibliography . 43 PD CEN/TR 15728:2016CEN/TR 15728:2016 (E) 4 European foreword This document (CEN/TR 15728:2016) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 229 “Precast concrete pr
18、oducts”, the secretariat of which is held by AFNOR. This document supersedes CEN/TR 15728:2008. To ensure the performance of the precast concrete products, lifting and handling should be taken into account in the design of the product. Inserts are used for lifting and handling of precast elements. T
19、hey should meet an appropriate degree of reliability. They should sustain all actions and influences likely to occur during execution and use. This Technical Report deals with lifting inserts cast into precast concrete elements. The intent of this document is to give information to precast product d
20、esigners. The failure of inserts for lifting and handling could cause risk to human life and/or lead to considerable economic consequences. Therefore inserts for lifting and handling should be selected and installed properly by skilled personnel according to the lifting and handling instructions. Th
21、is Technical Report based on current practices gives recommendations for correct choice and design of lifting inserts according to the lifting capacity of their part embedded in the concrete. It is based on EN 1992-1-1 (Eurocode 2), EN 1993-1-1 (Eurocode 3), CEN/TS 1992-4-1 and on published supplier
22、s data. Safety levels should be determined nationally. In the Technical Report numerical values for safety factors as used in different CEN member states are given for information and are recommended as basic values that provide an acceptable level of reliability. They have been selected assuming th
23、at an appropriate level of workmanship and of quality management (Factory Production Control) applies. They may be applied in the absence of national regulations. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC
24、shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. PD CEN/TR 15728:2016CEN/TR 15728:2016 (E) 5 1 Scope 1.1 General This Technical Report provides recommendations for the choice and use of cast-in steel lifting inserts, hereafter called inserts for the handling of precast co
25、ncrete elements. They are intended for use only during transient situations for lifting and handling, and not for the service life of the structure. The choice of insert is made according to the lifting capacity of their part embedded in the concrete, or may be limited by the capacity of the insert
26、itself and the corresponding key declared by the insert manufacturer. The report covers commonly used applications (walls/beams/columns and solid slabs and pipes). The range of these applications is further limited to prevent other types of failure than concrete breakout failure (cone failure), bond
27、 failure, failure of reinforcement or failure in the steel insert. Due to lack of information this report does not cover double shell walls, floor plates and beams for beam-and-block floor systems. The safety levels are given for information and are intended for short-term-handling and transient sit
28、uations. This Technical Report applies only to precast concrete elements made of normal weight concrete and manufactured in a factory environment and under a factory production control (FPC) system (in accordance with EN 13369:2013, 6.3) covering the insert embedment. This Technical Report does not
29、cover: the design of the lifting inserts independently placed on the market; lifting inserts for permanent and repeated use. This Technical Report is prepared based on the fact that the anchorage in the concrete of parts of the lifting assembly is governed by the Construction Products Regulation. Li
30、fting accessories independently placed on the market are governed by the Machinery Directive. 1.2 Types of inserts for lifting and handling This Technical Report applies to the embedment of lifting inserts. Devices made by the precaster may consist of smooth bars, prestressing strands, steel plates
31、with anchorage or steel wire ropes. The system devices may be e.g. internal threaded inserts, flat steel inserts and headed inserts. Lifting loops of ribbed bars are not covered. 1.3 Minimum dimensions This Technical Report applies in general to inserts with a minimum nominal diameter of 6 mm or the
32、 corresponding cross section. In general, the minimum anchorage depth should be hef= 40 mm. Wire ropes of diameter less than 6 mm are not covered. 2 Normative references The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its applicatio
33、n. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 1990:2002, Eurocode - Basis of structural design PD CEN/TR 15728:2016CEN/TR 15728:2016 (E) 6 EN 1992-1-1:2004, Eurocode 2: Design of c
34、oncrete structures - Part 1-1: General rules and rules for buildings EN 1993-1-1:2005, Eurocode 3: Design of steel structures - Part 1-1: General rules and rules for buildings EN 10025-2, Hot rolled products of structural steels - Part 2: Technical delivery conditions for non-alloy structural steels
35、 EN 12385-4, Steel wire ropes Safety Part 4: Stranded ropes for general lifting applications EN 13369:2013, Common rules for precast concrete products EN 13414-1, Steel wire rope slings Safety Part 1: Slings for general lifting service 3 Terms and definitions and symbols For the purposes of this doc
36、ument, the following terms and definitions and symbols apply. 3.1 Definitions 3.1.1 concrete breakout failure concrete cone separated from the base material by loading the insert 3.1.2 concrete breakout resistance resistance corresponding to a concrete cone surrounding the insert or group of inserts
37、 separating from the member 3.1.3 edge distance distance from the edge of the concrete surface to the centre of the nearest insert 3.1.4 anchorage length for cast-in headed insert bolts and splayed inserts is illustrated in Figure 1 Figure 1 Examples of anchorage length for different types of insert
38、s 3.1.5 embedment depth distance from the concrete surface to the farthest point of insert, measured perpendicular to the concrete surface PD CEN/TR 15728:2016CEN/TR 15728:2016 (E) 7 3.1.6 Factory Production Control FPC quality system satisfying the requirements in EN 13369:2013, 6.3 3.1.7 headed in
39、sert steel insert with a head for anchorage installed before placing concrete 3.1.8 insert steel unit cast into concrete and used for lifting of precast elements 3.1.9 insert loading axial, shear or combined - Loads applied to the insert 3.1.10 insert resistance load capacity (characteristic value)
40、of the part of the insert embedded in the concrete (different from maximum working load of the insert see 3.1.13). In this report, the wording “characteristic resistance” is sometimes used 3.1.11 lifting system system of lifting key and appropriate insert 3.1.12 maximum working load maximum load gua
41、ranteed by the supplier before steel failure, reduced by application of the relevant safety coefficient and marked on a lifting key or system (from Machinery Directive 2006/42/EC) 3.1.13 precaster producer of precast concrete elements in a factory environment 3.1.14 pullout failure failure mode in w
42、hich the insert pulls out of the concrete without a steel failure and without a concrete breakout failure 3.1.15 side-face blow-out resistance resistance of inserts with deeper embedment but thinner side cover corresponding to concrete spalling on the side face around the embedded head while no majo
43、r breakout occurs at the top concrete surface 3.1.16 insert steel failure failure mode characterised by fracture of one of the steel insert parts 3.1.17 minimum reinforcement reinforcement required by EN 1992-1-1 or in national annex (Nationally Determined Parameter) PD CEN/TR 15728:2016CEN/TR 15728
44、:2016 (E) 8 3.1.18 anchorage reinforcement reinforcement designed to resist the full load in case of a concrete failure 3.1.19 supplier manufacturer of lifting inserts brought to the market or its authorized distributor 3.2 Symbols 3.2.1 Action and resistance Eddesign value of actions acting on a si
45、ngle insert; NRkcharacteristic value of resistance of a single insert; NRddesign value of resistance of a single insert; qadh adhesion; dyndynamic coefficient; loadpartial factor for loads; l+hpartial factor for lifting and handling effects; cpartial factor for concrete; spartial factor for steel. 3
46、.2.2 Concrete and steel Asstressed cross section of steel; fckcharacteristic compressive strength of concrete (strength class) measured on cylinders (150 x 300) mm; fykcharacteristic steel yield strength or steel proof strength respectively; ftkcharacteristic ultimate strength of steel; f0,1kcharact
47、eristic strength at the 0,1 limit for prestressing steel; Fp0,1specified characteristic value of 0,1 % proof force, defined by prEN 101383:2000; FminFminis the minimum breaking force of the rope, in kilonewtons, defined by EN 134141; fydand fcd design values of stress; Fpddesign value of force in pr
48、estressing strand; fpddesign value of stress in prestressing strand; Fyddesign value of force in wire ropes. PD CEN/TR 15728:2016CEN/TR 15728:2016 (E) 9 3.2.3 Inserts Notation and symbols frequently used in this technical report are given below. Other notation and symbols are given in the text. a ed
49、ge distance from the axis of an insert. diameter of insert bolt or thread diameter. hdiameter of insert head (headed inserts). sdiameter of reinforcing bar. hefanchorage length (Figure 1). 4 Basis of design 4.1 General Inserts for lifting and handling should sustain all actions and influences likely to occur during execution and use, thus preventing any structural failure (ultimate limit state). They should not deform to an inadmissible degree (serviceability limit state). Long term effects such as corrosion of the insert should be taken into ac
