1、PUBLISHED DOCUMENTPD CEN/TR 15738:2008Petroleum products Heating fuels Need, feasibility and required deliverables for a common European specificationICS 75.160.20; 97.100.40g49g50g3g38g50g51g60g44g49g42g3g58g44g55g43g50g56g55g3g37g54g44g3g51g40g53g48g44g54g54g44g50g49g3g40g59g38g40g51g55g3g36g54g3g
2、51g40g53g48g44g55g55g40g39g3g37g60g3g38g50g51g60g53g44g42g43g55g3g47g36g58PD CEN/TR 15738:2008This Published Document was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 28 February 2009 BSI 2009ISBN 978 0 580 60565 9National forewordThis Published Document is the UK
3、implementation of CEN/TR 15738:2008.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee PTI/2, Liquid fuels.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provis
4、ions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate CommentsTECHNICAL REPORTRAPPORT TECHNIQUETECHNISCHER BERICHTCEN/TR 15738September 2008ICS 97.100.40; 75.160.20English VersionPetroleum products - Heating fuels - Need, feasibilit
5、y andrequired deliverables for a common European specificationProduits ptroliers - Fioul domestique - Besoin, faisabilit etlivrables pour des spcifications europennes communesErdlprodukte - Heizle - Notwendigkeit, Mglichkeit underforderliche Deliverables fr eine allgemeine europischeSpezifikationThi
6、s Technical Report was approved by CEN on 23 March 2008. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee CEN/TC 19.CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland,France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy,
7、 Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal,Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATIONCOMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATIONEUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNGManagement Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brus
8、sels 2008 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reservedworldwide for CEN national Members.Ref. No. CEN/TR 15738:2008: E2 Contents Page Foreword4 Introduction.5 1 Summary.6 2 Scope 6 3 Market information 6 3.1 Definitions 6 3.2 Volumes7 3.3 Market of burner and boiler equipment
9、.11 4 Fuel specifications including alternative components11 4.1 Europe.11 4.2 Alternative components12 4.3 Heating oils.12 5 Legislation12 5.1 Introduction12 5.2 European Directives 12 5.3 National Legislation.13 5.4 Tax regulations 13 6 Distribution systems .15 6.1 General15 6.2 UK, Ireland, Nethe
10、rlands and France.15 6.3 Spain .15 6.4 Norway15 6.5 Germany, Austria, Italy and Greece.16 6.6 Finland 16 6.7 Belgium.16 6.8 Portugal 17 6.9 Denmark17 6.10 Sweden .17 6.11 Poland.17 7 Statement of European Heating Industries.17 8 Discussions and conclusion 18 8.1 General conclusion .18 8.2 LHO volume
11、18 8.3 Market .18 8.4 LHO specifications 19 8.5 LHO qualities19 8.6 LHO distribution systems.19 8.7 National Regulations and taxes / duties20 8.8 European LHO standard or reference fuel20 Annex A (informative) WG 25 “Specification of heating fuel” membership 21 Annex B (informative) LHO Standards ov
12、erview .22 Annex C (informative) Regulations regarding markers and dyes26 Annex D (informative) LHO sulfur content .27 Annex E (informative) Excise duty tables of gas oil28 CEN/TR 15738:20083 Annex F (informative) Excise duty in relation to sulfur content 30 Annex G (informative) Excise duty tables
13、of kerosene.31 Annex H (informative) Excise duty for LHO .33 Annex I (informative) Gas oil quality specification34 Bibliography35 CEN/TR 15738:20084 Foreword This document (CEN/TR 15738:2008) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 19 “Gaseous and liquid fuels, lubricants and related product
14、s of petroleum, synthetic and biological origin”, the secretariat of which is held by NEN. CEN/TR 15738:20085 Introduction In Europe the subject of a common standard for heating fuels is not new. This topic often arises in times of change related to heating fuel qualities or stronger market competit
15、ion. In discussions in the early 2000s on new low-sulfur light heating oil (LHO) qualities the question of a common European standard for LHO was raised again in the mineral oil industry. In 2001, GEME, Non-Road Fuels Task Force of CONCAWE (The Petroleum Companies Organization for Conservation of Cl
16、ean Air and Water in Europe), released a report on fuel specifications 1. This report contains an overview on market volumes, specifications and distribution systems for middle distillates including LHO at that time. The resulting conclusions showed significant differences in the markets and that th
17、e most cost effective solution in 2001 was to adopt the situation as it was, i.e. different approaches in different Member States. In joint meetings of the common Technical Board (TB) of the Association of European Heating Industries (EHI) and Eurofuel (The European Heating Oil Association) the ques
18、tion of a common European LHO standard was again discussed. The reason for pursuing the discussion about standardization work on LHO was argued by EHI in the context of harmonization within the European markets. Therefore the need for a common European standard analogous to EN 590 2 for automotive d
19、iesel fuel was envisaged. Furthermore, the finalization of standardization work for FAME in 2003 as a blending component for heating fuels, and as a heating fuel itself, supported the question “Why doesnt European standard exist for LHO?” This question was pushed by some market participants mainly b
20、y members of Eurofuel but also by some members of the mineral oil industry. Based on this the subject of a common European standard for heating fuels was discussed at the CEN/TC 19 plenary meeting in Oslo, 1-3 June 2005. The result of the discussion is reported in CEN/TC 19 document N 1254 as resolu
21、tion 51: “CEN/TC 19 requests the WG 25 convenor to report back on requirements, feasibility and needed deliverables concerning a European Standard on liquid (heating) fuel before July 2006”. Receiving that request, CEN/TC 19/WG 25 started, after reconvening the group in April 2006 (see Annex A), to
22、collect information and data. The conclusions of the report were presented at the CEN/TC 19 plenary meeting in May 2007 and thereafter being balloted for Technical Committee Approval. The text being accepted, some of the informative data on taxes were updated to the most recently available informati
23、on. Within this report the ideas of the European mineral oil industry and those from EHI have been considered. CEN/TR 15738:20086 1 Summary Although the EUROSTAT definition of “medium distillates” includes residual fuel oil, the technical experts in CEN/TC 19/WG 25 (see Annex A) decided that this wa
24、s outside of the scope of the study and that it was not necessary to develop a CEN standard for residual fuel oils. Technically it would be ambitious, although not impossible, to establish a common European LHO standard. However, other considerations must be taken into account when deciding on a com
25、mon LHO standard. The majority of the WG 25 members see no real benefit or necessity for standardising LHO on a European level. Multiple uses of LHO qualities in some countries is well serviced by the existing supply chain, while for other countries it would require separate processing or additional
26、 infrastructure installation. The impact on refinery process technology as well as on refinery economics has to be evaluated on a European level (crude selection, investments in plant technology, separated storage facilities). A cost benefit analysis would be needed to justify such a large investmen
27、t. A common European LHO standard could affect national legislation/regulation in many Member States. Therefore a political decision applying an EC Mandate may be required giving a clear indication that the necessary changes in national legislation/regulation will be applied by each member state. Th
28、is question is far beyond WG 25 working content limits. The scope of WG 25 is limited to deal with standardisation of heating fuels and related technical questions. There is a belief that harmonisation of LHO standards could reduce production costs for oil heating equipments. It could ease export of
29、 oil heating equipment within Europe and open up new markets to manufacturers. However, the vast majority of experts of WG 25, based on the information made available by EHI, do not accept these as enough justification to establish a European LHO standard as it will not fully address the concerns ex
30、pressed. It is the WG 25 opinion that improving the reference fuel specification described in EN 267 3 for this application would assist in type approval for the equipment manufacturers. Thus, it would address the concern of the heating equipment industry. 2 Scope This report gives background inform
31、ation about LHO market volumes, fuel specifications, regulations, taxes, duties, logistics and distribution systems for LHO in different European countries. It assesses the necessity, and whether it is appropriate, to recommend the development of a CEN standard for liquid heating fuels. 3 Market inf
32、ormation NOTE All market statistical data submitted in this report are based on publications of the International Energy Agency (IEA) and Eurostat. Data reported for Switzerland were submitted by the Swiss Federal Statistical Office. All data had been summarized by the Austrian Energy Agency (AEA) i
33、n a special report 4. 3.1 Definitions According to the European Energy Balances1, the group “medium distillates” covers three main product groups: 1Definitions taken from “The Eurostat Concepts and Definitions Database“. CEN/TR 15738:20087 a) gas oil / diesel: primarily a middle distillate with a di
34、stillation range of 180 C to 380 C, used as transport diesel (road and non-road diesel), for heating and for other gas oil purposes (marine, rail traffic, agriculture and petrochemical feed stock), blending components are included. b) kerosene / jet fuels: covers kerosene-type jet fuels and other ke
35、rosene, these fuels are atmospheric distillates having a volatility intermediate between those of gasoline and gas oil, with a distillation range generally between the limits of 100 C and 300 C, includes kerosene blending components. c) residual fuel oil: covers heavy fuel oils including residual co
36、mponents with a kinematic viscosity above 10 cSt at 80 C (6 cSt/100 C), the flash point is always above 50 C, the density higher than 0,9 g/cm. For the product range concerned in this document the term light heating oil, LHO, is used. Although the definition of “medium distillates” includes residual
37、 fuel oil, the technical experts in CEN/TC 19/WG 25 decided that this was outside of the scope of the study and that it was not necessary to develop a CEN standard for residual fuel oil. Therefore, the data for residual fuel oils has not been included in this report (for details of justification see
38、 also 7 and 8). The product groups “gas oil/diesel” and “kerosene/jet fuels” are described further on as “middle distillates” (MD) in this report. The data from Eurostat is referenced both by sectors and on country basis. The definition of the different sectors from Eurostat is given below2: househo
39、lds: covers the consumption of fuels used for space heating, cooking and water heating; road transport: covers diesel used in passenger cars, commercial vehicles and public service vehicles, including those operated by railway companies; inland navigation: covers the consumption of fuels used by inl
40、and commercial shipping and leisure craft; rail transport: covers the consumption by railways and urban transport systems; air transport: covers quantities consumed in aircraft in national and international air traffic; industry: covers the consumption of MD in all industrial sectors with the except
41、ion of the “Energy sector”; services: covers the consumption by public administration and private services; agriculture: covers the quantities consumed by agriculture, including engines used for agricultural transportation. 3.2 Volumes The different uses of MD cannot be compared directly by country
42、in detail as each country has its own classification system due to differing usage, tax and national specifications. Therefore the Eurostat statistics can only provide an approximate overview of the different uses of MD in Europe. The data from 2004 is the latest complete data set reported. Table 1
43、shows the final energy consumption of the product groups “gas oil / diesel” and “kerosene / jet fuels” in 2004 within the EU 25. A split into different consumption sectors allows some allocations of the fuels used and is shown in Table 2. The European Energy Balances do not provide separate statisti
44、cs for gas oil and diesel. In order to estimate the consumption of diesel and gas oil for each sector some assumptions have to 2Definitions taken from “The Eurostat Concepts and Definitions Database“. CEN/TR 15738:20088 be made. Energy stream analysis allows rough estimations. As the use of LHO in t
45、he sectors agriculture and industry are not reported separately, the amount could only be estimated. Table 1 MD 2004 consumption in the EU 25 MD 2004 kt % kerosene / jet fuels 51 398 16,5 gas oil / diesel 260 821 83,5 total 312 219 100,0 After some discussion the experts of WG 25 decided to share th
46、e use of MD in the sectors of agriculture and industry between diesel and gas oil in a ratio of 80/20 as the best assumption on the basis of all available information. The amount of MD for the sector services will be shared between diesel and gas oil in the ratio of about 40/60. Table 2 MD consumpti
47、on during 2004 in the EU25 within different sectors (kt) Sector Diesel kt Gas oil kt Kerosene kt Road transport3164 671 - - Households - 41 336 3 495 Services 7 669 10 810 617 Agriculture 12 362 3 091 - Industry 11 768 2 942 1 645 Inland navigation 3 711 - - Railway 2 461 - -Air transport - - 45 641
48、 Total 202 642 58 179 51 398 Using the above assumptions, the total consumption of MD (gas oil and kerosene) for heating purposes can be allocated to the consumer groups: households, partially agriculture, industry and services. The total amount within EU 25 in 2004 is therefore about 58 000 kt, tha
49、t is a share within MD of about 18 % (i.e. Figure 1) 4. As Switzerland is not a member of EU 25 but a significant user of LHO, 5 051 kt must be added to the consumption tables in 2004. Similarly for Norway an additional 595 kt LHO and 125 kt kerosene for heating purposes 5 has to be considered. Summarising the assessed data, heating oils within Europe in 2004 on the product bases of kerosene and LHO had a total market share of about 20 % within the MD segment or an estimated quantity of about 64 000 kt. 3Some small amounts are used a
