1、raising standards worldwideNO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBSI Standards PublicationAutomotive fuels Ethanol (E85) automotive fuel Background to the parametersrequired and their respective limits and determinationPD CEN/TR 15993:2013National forewordThis Publish
2、ed Document is the UK implementation of CEN/TR 15993:2013. Itsupersedes PD CEN/TR 15993:2010 which is withdrawn.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical CommitteePTI/2, Liquid Fuels.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained onrequest to its secre
3、tary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of acontract. Users are responsible for its correct application. The British Standards Institution 2013Published by BSI Standards Limited 2013ISBN 978 0 580 74273 6ICS 71.080.60; 75.160.20Compliance with a British Standar
4、d cannot confer immunity fromlegal obligations.This Published Document was published under the authority of theStandards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 March 2013.Amendments issued since publicationAmd. No. Date Text affectedPUBLISHED DOCUMENTPD CEN/TR 15993:2013TECHNICAL REPORT RAPPORT TECHNIQ
5、UE TECHNISCHER BERICHT CEN/TR 15993 February 2013 ICS 75.160.20; 71.080.60 Supersedes CEN/TR 15993:2010English Version Automotive fuels - Ethanol (E85) automotive fuel - Background to the parameters required and their respective limits and determination Carburants pour automobiles - Essence pour aut
6、omobile Ethanol (E85) - Informations sur les paramtres requis et leurs limites et dtermination respectives Kraftstoffe fr Kraftfahrzeuge - Ethanol-Kraftstoff (E85) - Hintergrund der geforderten Parameter und deren jeweiligen Grenzwerte und Bestimmung This Technical Report was approved by CEN on 21 M
7、ay 2011. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee CEN/TC 19. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Ital
8、y, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17
9、, B-1000 Brussels 2013 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. CEN/TR 15993:2013: EPD CEN/TR 15993:2013CEN/TR 15993:2013 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword . 3 1 Scope 4 2 Summary of the ethanol fuel (E85) taskforce work . 4 3 Recor
10、d of the work to date 4 3.1 Context . 4 3.2 The Ethanol (E85) automotive fuel Task Force . 5 3.3 Planning 7 4 The draft ethanol (E85) automotive fuel specification 8 4.1 Parameters included 8 4.2 Considerations on the parameters 9 4.2.1 Denaturants 9 4.2.2 RON MON . 9 4.2.3 Ethanol content and highe
11、r alcohols 10 4.2.4 Vapour pressure . 12 4.2.5 Density 13 4.2.6 Sulfur content . 13 4.2.7 Oxidation stability 14 4.2.8 Existent gum content (solvent washed) 14 4.2.9 Oxygenates content . 14 4.2.10 Phosphorus 16 4.2.11 Water content . 16 4.2.12 Chloride content . 17 4.2.13 Copper strip corrosion . 18
12、 4.2.14 Total acidity 18 4.2.15 Copper content . 18 4.2.16 Sulfate content . 19 4.2.17 Conductivity . 19 4.2.18 pHe 20 4.2.19 High boiling components. 20 4.2.20 Additives . 20 4.2.21 Biologically sourced ethanol . 20 4.2.22 Guidelines 21 4.3 Parameters considered and not included in the draft specif
13、ication 21 4.3.1 Appearance 21 4.3.2 Chlorine as chlorides . 21 4.3.3 Lead 21 5 Acknowledgement 21 Bibliography 22 PD CEN/TR 15993:2013CEN/TR 15993:2013 (E) 3 Foreword This document (CEN/TR 15993:2013) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 19 “Gaseous and liquid fuels, lubricants and relat
14、ed products of petroleum, synthetic and biological origin”, the secretariat of which is held by NEN. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such
15、patent rights. This document supersedes CEN/TR 15993:2010. The original Technical Report presented all decisions that led to the proposed draft of prCEN/TS 15293:2009 in order to support the enquiry ballot. This document includes all decisions that have been made following comments and further inves
16、tigations leading to the effective publication of the ethanol (E85) automotive fuel specification as CEN/TS 15293:2011. In addition, it presents all further details leading to the effective revision of that CEN/TS into a full European Standard. PD CEN/TR 15993:2013CEN/TR 15993:2013 (E) 4 1 Scope Thi
17、s Technical Report explains the requirements and test methods for marketed and delivered ethanol (E85) automotive fuel according to CEN/TS 15293 3. It provides background information to judge the (approval of the) final text of the standard and gives guidance and explanations to the producers, blend
18、ers, marketers and users of ethanol (E85) automotive fuel. NOTE 1 This document is directly related to CEN/TS 15293:2011 3 and will be updated once further publications take place. NOTE 2 For the purposes of this document, the terms “% (m/m)” and “% (V/V)” are used to represent the mass fraction, ,
19、and the volume fraction, , respectively. 2 Summary of the ethanol fuel (E85) taskforce work At the 2007 plenary meeting, CEN/TC 19 decided to register the following work item as described in its active programme of work: “Automotive fuels Ethanol E85 Requirements and test methods“, under responsibil
20、ity of WG 21. The scope was to develop a CEN Standard on the basis of CWA 15293 4and existing related national standards and to check for the most appropriate wording of the title of the standard. The work on the specification was developed during a series of Ethanol (E85) automotive fuel Task Force
21、 (TF E85) meetings between October 2007 and May 2009, and is presented by means of this Technical Report. The draft standard, referenced by the identification CEN/TS 15293, comprised a set of properties and limit values to define an adequate quality of the ethanol (E85) automotive fuel and recommend
22、ations for precautions to be taken (see Table 1 in CEN/TS 15293:2011 3). The draft standard was presented to CEN/TC 19/WG 21 in November 2008, together with a request to allow the TF some additional time to finalise discussions and to study data that still needed to be generated from field experienc
23、e, both of refinery and ethanol production. Following that November meeting, a draft enquiry text was developed and this was presented in January 2009 to WG 21 and thereafter to CEN/CCMC. It should be noted that the draft standard had been considered on the basis of the ethanol blend component speci
24、fication EN 15376 2007 2 and the former version of the EN 228 (unleaded petrol) standard 1. Revision discussion on those documents has been included in the discussions in the last two years. However, CEN/TS 15293 still contains some pending issues, which are noted as such in the text. Many of the te
25、st methods proposed by the test methods experts are being examined to determine their applicability to ethanol (E85) fuel and to determine if their precision is sufficient to support the limit values proposed. This activity is being undertaken in several other CEN working groups where the specialist
26、s in methods are present. An automatic link has been established between the gasoline and ethanol (EN 228 and EN 15376 respectively) standards and the ethanol (E85) automotive fuel (CEN/TS 15293) standard so that modifications to one will be coherent with the other. 3 Record of the work to date 3.1
27、Context The European Commission is following a policy of promoting renewable energy use in Europe, and to this end is encouraging the extension of automotive gasoline fuel with a proportion of renewably-sourced ethyl alcohol (referred to in this document as ethanol). PD CEN/TR 15993:2013CEN/TR 15993
28、:2013 (E) 5 In order to facilitate a transparent and stable market in ethanol, it is necessary to establish an ethanol (E85) automotive fuel standard for Europe that will ensure a uniform high quality fuel for problem-free ethanol use as a gasoline fuel. To this end, the Comit Europen de Normalisati
29、on (CEN) Technical Committee 19, responsible for Automotive Fuels Standards, accepted the CWA revision as a work item on its programme to be developed in Working Group 21, responsible for Automotive Gasoline management. The intention of CEN/TC 19 was to redraft the CWA into a CEN standard based on t
30、he publication of EN 15376 and EN 228, also taking into account the developments in Sweden, France and Germany. Discussion in WG 21 had indicated that there were still test method questions to be solved and thus national initiatives were not halted. CEN/TC 19, having considered the proposal for a ne
31、w work item, as documented in N 1318 and supported by WG 21, noting the request from UPEI in document N 1326R, decided to register the following work item as described in N 1318 in its active programme of work: “Automotive fuels Ethanol E85 Requirements and test methods“, under the responsibility of
32、 WG 21. The scope was to develop a CEN Standard on the basis of CWA 15293 and existing related national standards and to check for the most appropriate wording of the title of the standard. The Task Force E85 was created. The aim of the CWA was to keep the specification simple and straightforward, a
33、llowing cars to be introduced into the market. The original idea was to ensure basic car functionality, for which the existing CWA succeeded. However, as flexi-fuel vehicles were soon to fall under the Emission Legislation, more stringent fuel requirements were needed. The existing CWA was not able
34、to support EURO V vehicles. CWA 15293 and its successor(s) should specify requirements and test methods for marketed and delivered Ethanol (E85) automotive fuel. It is applicable to Ethanol (E85) for use in spark ignition engine vehicles designed to run on Ethanol (E85). Ethanol (E85) is a mixture o
35、f nominally 85 % ethanol and 15 % petrol, but it also includes the possibility of having different seasonal grades containing more than 50 % ethanol. This document is the report on the work to date carried out by the TF E85 (see 3.2) towards establishing a European Standard for Ethanol (E85) automot
36、ive fuel. 3.2 The Ethanol (E85) automotive fuel Task Force CEN, in anticipation of a mandate from the Commission, requested TC 19/WG 21 to convene a task force and begin work on a draft ethanol (E85) automotive fuel standard. A call was made to the industries concerned by the mandate for experts to
37、participate in the TF E85. The experts who have contributed to the work over the years are listed in Table 1. Revision work on CEN/TS 15293 had been discussed from meeting 9 onwards, whereas the former version of this document had been finalised at meeting 8. PD CEN/TR 15993:2013CEN/TR 15993:2013 (E
38、) 6 Table 1 Membership of the taskforce Name Organisation Country Auger Celine (from meetings 2 to 9) Renault France Baldini Luca ENI Italy Bennett John Afton Chemical United Kingdom Bernard Joerg Suedzuecker Germany Betlejewski Marek (from meetings 2 to 7) PKN Orlen Poland Colbert Dane Ethanol Unio
39、n France Costenoble Ortwin (TF Secretary) NEN Netherlands Crpeau Gerald (Convenor) PSA Peugeot Citron France Elliott Nigel Exxon Mobil United Kingdom Engelen Benoit Total Belgium Feuerhelm Tom DIN/FAM Germany Gameson Thomas Abengoa Bioenergia Spain Gibarroux Germain (since meeting 10) Renault France
40、 Grand Jean-Gabriel (until meeting 2) Renault France Hermans Pierre (until meeting 10) Exxonmobil Belgium Jeuland Nicolas (since meeting 5) IFP France King Stan (until meeting 9) Afton Chemical CEFIC-ATC Koppen Piet (since meeting 8) PAC Netherlands Kronstrm Brje Svenska Shell Sweden Lloyd Robin (un
41、til meeting 4) Argent Energy United Kingdom Leber Edwin (until meeting 8) Opel Germany Manuelli Pascal Total France Mirabella Walter Lyondell Italy Nilsson Magnus (until meeting 10) General Motors Powertrain Sweden Olofsson Mathias (until meeting 10) SEKAB Sweden Pollak Vanda (since meeting 6) Hungr
42、ana Hungary Rantanen Kolehmainen Leena (since meeting 6) Nesteoil Finland Rappange Aly (until meeting 10) Royal Nedalco Netherlands Suanders Bob (since meeting 8) EI United Kingdom Schuermans Kurt (since meeting 7) Chevron Netherlands Sijben Jo (from meetings 4 to 10) Proces Design Center Netherland
43、s Skret Iwona (until meeting 6) Instytut Technologii Nafty Poland Sniegula Agnieska (since meeting 8) PKN Orlen Poland Spaans Han (until meeting 9) AC Analytical Controls Netherlands Tittarelli Paolo SSC Italy PD CEN/TR 15993:2013CEN/TR 15993:2013 (E) 7 Following his retirement as TF project leader,
44、 due to his change of profession, Mr. Bennett handed over the work to Mr. Crpeau during the 2ndmeeting and his contribution to the work and initiatives of this TF is hereby warmly acknowledged. The task force has met on the following occasions: a) 30thOctober 2007 Brussels, 1stmeeting, b) 15thJanuar
45、y 2008 Brussels, 2ndmeeting, c) 5thMarch 2008 Hamburg, 3rdmeeting, d) 18thApril 2008 London, 4thmeeting, e) 3rdJuly 2008 Brussels, 5thmeeting, f) 11thSeptember 2008 Brussels, 6thmeeting, g) 4th/5thDecember 2008 Paris, 7thmeeting, h) 23rdApril 2009 Paris, 8th meeting, i) 23rdSeptember 2009 Paris, 9th
46、meeting, j) 18thFebruary 2010 Brussels, 10thmeeting. Following the finalisation of the ethanol specification at the level of 10 % blending, it was debated and concluded to merge the TF 85 with the Ethanol TF. At the end of 2010, both taskforces were disbanded. 3.3 Planning The initial planning was:
47、enquiry text ready in August 2008, the comments known in April 2009 and the final text to be delivered to CEN/CCMC in November 2009. WG 21 had advised the use of EN 228 as the blending component and had supported a six month extension allowance for the E85 specification for the necessary updating of
48、 test methods and seasonal grades. Next, it agreed that no shortened procedure, such as a UAP, should be used. Thus, renewed planning was pursued and prEN 15239 was published for ballot in May 2009. However, the TF encountered several open issues due to the uncertainty of the guarantee of the octane
49、 in the future with the integration of Blending Oxygenate Base-stock (BOB) in all European markets and its impact on ethanol (E85) fuels. In addition, the test methods precision for chlorine content at 1 mg/kg or below and the high-boiler requirement were under evaluation. Furthermore, time was required to collect data on the current market, resulting in a better specification proposal. At the end of 2009, the TF still planned to aim at a submission for formal vote halfway through 2010; although being revised, this CEN Techni
