1、raising standards worldwideNO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBSI Standards PublicationPD CEN/TR 16220:2011Construction products Assessment of release ofdangerous substances Complement to samplingPD CEN/TR 16220:2011 PUBLISHED DOCUMENTNational forewordThis Publishe
2、d Document is the UK implementation of CEN/TR16220:2011.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee B/557, Construction products - Assessment of dangeroussubstances.A list of organizations represented on this committee can beobtained on request to its secretary.This p
3、ublication does not purport to include all the necessaryprovisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correctapplication. BSI 2011ISBN 978 0 580 57322 4ICS 13.020.70; 91.100.01Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity fromlegal obligations.This Published Document was publis
4、hed under the authority of theStandards Policy and Strategy Committee on 30 September 2011.Amendments issued since publicationDate Text affectedPD CEN/TR 16220:2011TECHNICAL REPORT RAPPORT TECHNIQUE TECHNISCHER BERICHT CEN/TR 16220 August 2011 ICS 91.100.01; 13.020.70 English Version Construction pr
5、oducts - Assessment of release of dangerous substances - Complement to sampling Produits de construction - Evaluation de lmission de substances dangereuses - Complment relatif lchantillonnage Bauprodukte - Bewertung der Freisetzung von gefhrlichen Substanzen - Ergnzung zur Probenahme This Technical
6、Report was approved by CEN on 24 April 2011. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee CEN/TC 351. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy,
7、 Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 B
8、russels 2011 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. CEN/TR 16220:2011: EPD CEN/TR 16220:2011CEN/TR 16220:2011 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword 40 Introduction 50.1 Objective .50.2 Terminology .50.3 Relation with the deliverables
9、of CEN/TC 351/WG 1 and WG 2 50.4 Users of this CEN/TR .60.5 Two sampling domains .60.6 Uncertainty and statistical testing .60.7 Structure of this CEN/TR .71 Scope 82 Key concepts 82.1 Introduction 82.1.1 Key terms 82.1.2 Representativeness .82.1.3 Uncertainty 102.1.4 Sampling under various stages f
10、or CE-marking . 112.1.5 Series of steps 112.2 Objective of sampling 132.3 Preparation of a sampling plan . 132.4 Considerations on sampling strategy 152.4.1 General . 152.4.2 Sampling approach. 152.4.3 Population and sub-population . 152.4.4 Scale . 162.4.5 Size of increments and samples . 192.4.6 S
11、ampling location and moment 232.5 Application of sampling techniques . 232.6 On site sub-sampling / on site sample pre-treatment . 242.7 Packaging, preservation, storage and transport . 252.7.1 Packaging 252.7.2 Preservation 262.7.3 Storage . 262.7.4 Transport . 272.8 Sampling report and chain of cu
12、stody report 273 Recommendations to CEN/TC 351/WG 1, CEN/TC 351/WG 2 and product TCs . 273.1 Introduction . 273.2 Objective of sampling 283.3 Preparation of a sampling plan . 283.4 Considerations on sampling strategy 283.4.1 General . 283.4.2 Sampling approach. 283.4.3 Population and sub-population
13、. 293.4.4 Scale . 293.4.5 Size of increments and samples . 303.4.6 Sampling location and moment 313.5 Application of sampling techniques . 323.6 On site sub-sampling / on site sample pre-treatment . 323.7 Packaging, preservation, storage and transport . 333.7.1 Packaging 333.7.2 Preservation 33PD CE
14、N/TR 16220:2011CEN/TR 16220:2011 (E) 3 3.7.3 Storage . 333.7.4 Transport 343.8 Sampling report and chain of custody report 34Annex A (informative) Terminology 35Annex B (informative) Assessment of uncertainty resulting of sampling activities as part of the overall test procedure . 38B.1 General . 38
15、B.2 Determining factors . 38B.3 Variability of the product 39B.4 Variability caused by sampling and testing 39B.5 Determination of the overall uncertainty 39B.6 Accepted level of uncertainty 40Annex C (informative) Minimum increment and sample size mass (mass/volume) in case of probabilistic samplin
16、g 41C.1 General . 41C.2 Estimation of increment and sample size . 41C.2.1 General . 41C.2.2 Determination of the minimum increment size 41C.2.3 Determination of the minimum sample size . 43C.2.4 Determination of the number of increments and/or samples . 44C.3 Calculation of the actual increment and/
17、or sample size . 44C.3.1 General . 44C.3.2 Taking individual samples 44C.3.3 Composite sampling . 45Annex D (informative) Calculation of the required number of increments and samples in case of probabilistic sampling 46D.1 General . 46D.2 Symbols 46D.3 Estimating a mean concentration 47D.3.1 Using c
18、omposite samples 47D.3.2 Using individual samples . 48D.4 Estimating a standard deviation 49Annex E (informative) Sample containers, preservation and storage conditions for different parameters for the determination of the release to soil and water 51Annex F (informative) Example forms for the sampl
19、ing plan, the field report and the chain of custody report . 52F.1 Example of a form for the sampling plan 52F.2 Example of a form for the sampling report . 53F.3 Example form for a chain of custody report . 55Annex G (informative) Checklist for product TCs to be used for the evaluation of their sam
20、pling standard or sampling paragraph . 56Bibliography 57PD CEN/TR 16220:2011CEN/TR 16220:2011 (E) 4 Foreword This document (CEN/TR 16220:2011) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 351 “Construction products: Assessment of release of dangerous substances”, the secretariat of which is held
21、by NEN. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN (or CENELEC) by t
22、he European Commission and the European Free Trade Association. PD CEN/TR 16220:2011CEN/TR 16220:2011 (E) 5 0 Introduction 0.1 Objective This CEN/TR provides a complement to the sampling of construction products. Sampling of construction products for other characteristics than the release or emissio
23、n of regulated dangerous substances is described in product standards and ETAs1). This CEN/TR is based on mandate M366 of the European Commission2). It provides requirements which are specific for the sampling of construction products for the determination of the release or emission of regulated dan
24、gerous substances. The mandate implies that existing sampling standards from product TCs, or sampling instruction in product standards from product TCs, are to be used as much as possible. Consequently this CEN/TR and the sampling parts of the standards prepared by WG 1 and WG 2 of CEN/TC 351 (see b
25、elow 0.3) should be used as a complement to the sampling of construction products as described in existing standards and ETAs. It does not provide full guidance to sampling of construction products. NOTE 1 As a consequence of the fact that this CEN/TR is a complement to existing standards of product
26、 TCs, some instructions that would be an integral part of a full sampling standard, are missing in this CEN/TR. An obvious example thereof is the fact that this CEN/TR contains no instructions for actually taking a sample. Existing sampling standards and instructions3)for the sampling of constructio
27、n products are to be compared with this CEN/TR, in order to determine if the requirements recommendations for sampling as described in this CEN/TR can be met with the existing sampling standards and instructions. If not, product TCs may have to adapt their sampling standards and instructions followi
28、ng appropriate provisions included in the standards to be produced by WG 1 and WG 2. For this purpose this CEN/TR contains a checklist in Annex G. NOTE 2 Product TCs should be aware of the fact that sampling for the determination of the emission and/or release of dangerous substances, might differ f
29、rom their current sampling procedures which are used to determine product characteristics. 0.2 Terminology It is essential that a number of key terms, as mentioned in Clause 2, are well understood when working with this CEN/TR. These key terms are defined in Annex A, which annex also contains Figure
30、 A.1 that depicts the relation between these key terms. 0.3 Relation with the deliverables of CEN/TC 351/WG 1 and WG 2 At the time that this CEN/TR is developed, CEN/TC 351 comprises two Working Groups (WGs): CEN/TC 351/WG 1: Release from construction products into soil, ground water and surface wat
31、er and CEN/TC 351/WG 2: Emissions from construction products into indoor air. Both WGs have to, within their scope, deliver a complete test procedure of which sampling is just a part. The interface between these sampling parts, product standards and this TR have been defined in TC 351 resolution 814
32、). The test results are to be used for CE-marking (and corresponding AoC) and are produced according to WG 1 and WG 2 1) ETA: European Technical Approval issued by the European Organisation for Technical Approvals (EOTA). 2) Mandate M366 “Development of horizontal standardised assessment methods for
33、 harmonized approaches relating to dangerous substances under the Construction Products Directive”; European Commission, DG Enterprise, Brussels 16 March 2005. 3) This document refers both to sampling standards as published by product TCs as well as to product standards that contain sampling instruc
34、tions as part of an overall test procedure. 4) Resolution 81 taken by CEN/TC 351 on 23-24 April 2008 reads: CEN/TC 351 confirms the recommendation 1 of TG 4 taken at its March 2008 meeting as given in document N 149, which is “It is the responsibility of product TCs to specify the detailed procedure
35、 for sampling. However, they have to follow the general requirements provided by WG 1 and WG 2 that are to be based on the technical report prepared by TG 4.“ The decision was taken by unanimity. PD CEN/TR 16220:2011CEN/TR 16220:2011 (E) 6 standards. Since it is not possible to test all possible con
36、ditions, WG 1 and WG 2 establish reference conditions under which the test results are expressed. 0.4 Users of this CEN/TR This CEN/TR is intended to be used by two principal users: CEN/TC 351/WG 1 (Release from construction products into soil, ground water and surface water) and CEN/TC 351/WG 2 (Em
37、issions from construction products into indoor air). CEN/TCs and EOTA committees responsible for the development and maintenance of standards for products under the Construction Products Directive (CPD). These CEN product TCs fall under the framework of mandate M366 on the “Emission of dangerous sub
38、stances from construction products into indoor air, soil, surface water and ground water“. This mandate is a “horizontal complement” to the construction product mandates. Additionally, this CEN/TR might for instance be used as a reference document by individual producers when indirect test procedure
39、s are derived e.g. for Factory Production Control (FPC). 0.5 Two sampling domains Two different sampling domains are relevant to regulated dangerous substances: sampling of the construction product to obtain a quantity of the product which is used in a test; sampling of the air (emission) or water (
40、release) with which a quantity of the product has been in contact. This CEN/TR is only of relevance to the first sampling domain, the sampling of the construction product. At the same time, restrains which result from the second sampling domain might impose boundary conditions on the first sampling
41、domain. NOTE To avoid confusion, this Technical Report often uses the term product sampling for the first sampling domain. 0.6 Uncertainty and statistical testing The number and type of samples to be taken relates directly to the accepted uncertainty of the test result(s). A number of individual sou
42、rces of uncertainty can be identified, which can be clustered in three groups: the variability of the product, the variability introduced due to sampling activities and the variability introduced by the laboratory activities. NOTE 1 In most situations the uncertainty caused by the variability of the
43、 product dominates the other sources of uncertainty. NOTE 2 The variability of the release or emission of dangerous substances often differs from the other characteristics tested by product TCs. Variability of the product results in uncertainty of the obtained test result(s). By taking account of th
44、e variability when sampling, a representative test result can be obtained. Representative within the context of this CEN/TR means the acceptance of a certain level of uncertainty. The level of uncertainty should at least be such that the chance that another sample would result in another assessment
45、of conformity than the original sample is acceptably small. NOTE 3 This means that the test result obtained from the sample can be used to assess the sampled product, while the uncertainty of that assessment is sufficiently small: the risk of false positive or false negative results is acceptable. T
46、his CEN/TR focuses on obtaining an individual laboratory sample that is representative for a defined quantity of the construction product. Implementation of the guidance of this CEN/TR provides individual samples which are sufficiently representative. Whenever repetitive sampling is necessary, for e
47、xample to quantify the risk of PD CEN/TR 16220:2011CEN/TR 16220:2011 (E) 7 exceeding a limit value, a second source of variability in the product is introduced. This is the variability of the relevant product properties over a period of (production) time. This CEN/TR does not provide the necessary g
48、uidance to deal with that level of uncertainty, nor does it provide the tools to define the statistical testing that does. NOTE 4 Considering the fact that the uncertainty of the actual test and measurement often is much smaller than the uncertainty that is due to the heterogeneity of the sampled co
49、nstruction product, it is important to realise that the quantity of the product represented by the test portion / test specimen should be sufficiently large to incorporate that heterogeneity. In Annex B, more information is provided with respect to the assessment of the uncertainty related to sampling activities as part of the overall test procedure. 0.7 Structure of this CEN/TR This CEN/TR con
