1、raising standards worldwideNO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBSI Standards PublicationCharacterization of waste Sampling of waste from extractive industriesPD CEN/TR 16365:2012National forewordThis Published Document is the UK implementation of CEN/TR 16365:2012.T
2、he UK participation in its preparation was entrusted by Technical CommitteeB/508, Waste Management, to Subcommittee B/508/3, Characterization ofwaste.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained onrequest to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the
3、necessary provisions of acontract. Users are responsible for its correct application. The British Standards Institution 2012Published by BSI Standards Limited 2012ISBN 978 0 580 64064 3ICS 13.030.10; 73.020 Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity fromlegal obligations.This Publishe
4、d Document was published under the authority of theStandards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 January 2013.Amendments issued since publicationAmd. No. Date Text affectedPUBLISHED DOCUMENTPD CEN/TR 16365:2012TECHNICAL REPORT RAPPORT TECHNIQUE TECHNISCHER BERICHT CEN/TR 16365 October 2012 ICS 13.03
5、0.10; 73.020 English Version Characterization of waste - Sampling of waste from extractive industries Caractrisation des dchets - Echantillonnage des dchets issus des industries extractives Charakterisierung von Abfllen - Probenahme von Abfllen der mineralgewinnenden Industrie This Technical Report
6、was approved by CEN on 13 May 2012. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee CEN/TC 292. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hun
7、gary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Managem
8、ent Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2012 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. CEN/TR 16365:2012: EPD CEN/TR 16365:2012CEN/TR 16365:2012 (E) 2 Contents Foreword 3Introduction .41 Scope 62 Key elements of a sampling
9、 plan .62.1 General 62.2 Identify involved parties (EN 14899:2005, 4.2.1) .62.3 Identify general objectives (EN 14899:2005, 4.2.2) .82.4 Collect background information and undertake field inspection (EN 14899:2005, 4.2.5) 82.4.1 General 82.4.2 Existing information 82.4.3 Field inspection 92.4.4 Anal
10、ogous sites 102.5 Determine specific objectives and corresponding level of testing (EN 14899, 4.2.3) . 102.5.1 Introduction . 102.5.2 Determine the level of testing 112.5.3 Determine the required number and size of samples . 132.6 Identify constituents to be tested (EN 14899:2005, 4.2.4) 142.7 Ident
11、ify health and safety precautions (EN 14899:2005, 4.2.6) 142.8 Select sampling approach (EN 14899:2005, 4.2.7, and CEN/TR 15310-1:2006, Clause 4) . 152.8.1 General . 152.8.2 Determine the practical instructions 232.9 Identify the most appropriate sampling technique (EN 14899:2005, 4.2.8, and CEN/TR
12、15310-2) . 293 Sample handling in the field 333.1 General . 333.2 Sub-sampling 343.3 Sample preparation and storage (CEN/TR 15310-4) 353.3.1 General . 353.3.2 Packaging 353.3.3 Preparation and storage 363.4 Transport the sample to the laboratory (EN 14899:2005, 5.2, and CEN/TR 15310-4) . 374 Documen
13、tation (long and short form of sampling plan) 374.1 Document the sampling plan and produce instructions for the sampler (EN 14899:2005, Clause 6) 374.2 Produce a field sampling record (EN 14899) . 375 Sampling (EN 14899:2005, 5.1) 386 Sampling uncertainty and other issues . 39Annex A (informative) E
14、xample sampling plans for waste characterization for exploration, operation and closure stages of extractive industries . 40A.1 General . 40A.2 Example detailed sampling plan for exploration stage 40A.3 Example short form sampling plan for exploration/ permitting stage 47A.4 Operation stage Simple s
15、ystem Aggregate quarry . 49Annex B (informative) Example sampling record . 53Bibliography . 54PD CEN/TR 16365:2012CEN/TR 16365:2012 (E) 3 Foreword This document (CEN/TR 16365:2012) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 292 “Characterization of waste”, the secretariat of which is held by NE
16、N. The preparation of this document by CEN is based on a mandate by the European Commission (Mandate M/395), which assigned the development of standards on the characterization of waste from extractive industries. This Technical Report is intended to supplement the existing series of five Technical
17、Reports dealing with sampling techniques and procedures for waste, and provides specific information for sampling of waste from the extractive industry. It follows the principles laid down in EN 14899, Characterization of waste Sampling of waste materials Framework for the preparation and applicatio
18、n of a Sampling Plan. Further information on the relationship between the production of a sampling plan and the overall testing programme objectives can be found in CEN/TR 15310-5. CEN/TR 15310-1, Characterization of waste Sampling of waste materials Part 1: Guidance on selection and application of
19、criteria for sampling under various conditions; CEN/TR 15310-2, Characterization of waste Sampling of waste materials Part 2: Guidance on sampling techniques; CEN/TR 15310-3, Characterization of waste Sampling of waste materials Part 3: Guidance on procedures for sub-sampling in the field; CEN/TR 15
20、310-4, Characterization of waste Sampling of waste materials Part 4: Guidance on procedures for sample packaging, storage, preservation, transport and delivery; CEN/TR 15310-5, Characterization of waste Sampling of waste materials Part 5: Guidance on the process of defining the sampling plan. This T
21、echnical Report focuses mainly on sampling for geochemical rather than geotechnical requirements. Sampling for geotechnical requirements is only addressed to a limited extent and references are made to existing documentation. The Technical Report elaborates on a range of potential approaches and too
22、ls of specific relevance to the sampling and testing of wastes from the extractive industry. This approach enables the project manager to tailor his sampling plan to a specific testing scenario and continues the shop shelf approach to sampling plan development for waste testing outlined in CEN/TR 15
23、310-1 to -5. This approach allows flexibility in the selection of the sampling approach, sampling point, method of sampling and equipment used. It provides the necessary background information pertaining to the factors that influence the choice of these detailed components of the sampling exercise,
24、and information on the necessary statistical choices that can then be applied to determine the most appropriate testing programme for any given sampling scenario. This Technical Report also makes references to the overall guidance document for characterization of waste from extractive industries (CE
25、N/TR 16376) which gives guidance and recommendations on the application of methods for the characterization of waste from extractive industries. PD CEN/TR 16365:2012CEN/TR 16365:2012 (E) 4 Introduction The guidance outlined in this Technical Report is focused on the key elements to be considered in
26、the development of a sampling plan for extractive waste. This report should be used in conjunction with EN 14899 and its supporting technical reports and is intended to supplement the information contained in these documents with specific and essential information relevant to the sampling of waste f
27、rom the extractive industry. Where appropriate this report also makes reference to the overall guidance document for characterization of waste from extractive industries (CEN/TR 16376) which gives guidance and recommendations on the application of methods for the characterization of waste from extra
28、ctive industries1). 1) Specific features of extractive waste The extractive industry includes, metal mines, rock quarries, salt mines, coal mines, sand and gravel, limestone and onshore oil and gas operations. When mineralogical material is extracted it is exposed to changes in physico-chemical cond
29、itions, which may result in chemical and physical instability of previously stable geological material. The life cycle of extractive industries starts with the early phase of exploration through operation to closure and after care. In the context of sampling three phases have been defined in this do
30、cument: exploration (including design and permitting); operation (extraction and processing, including transport and deposition of waste); and closure (including existing waste deposits). From a sampling perspective different sampling scenarios may be more relevant than the operational phases. For e
31、xample sampling from diamond drill cores may take place both during exploration and operation, sampling at existing waste rock dumps and tailings facilities may take place both during operation and at closed sites. Both operational phases and sampling scenarios are used as parallel concepts in this
32、document. One significant feature that makes characterization of extractive waste different from waste characterization in general is the fact that sampling and characterization ideally take place before the waste is produced, i.e. based on drill cores (or drill mud) from exploration drilling. Chara
33、cterization during exploration is critical since subsequent waste management plans are developed on the basis of this information. However, the availability of material for sampling and characterization at the exploration stage is commonly limited which means that follow-up checks to ensure that the
34、 initial data and interpretation are correct will often be needed during operation. If pilot scale tests, extraction and/or processing, are carried out this will have the added benefit of producing a larger number of potential samples for sampling and testing as well as giving the opportunity to sam
35、ple process waste, i.e. tailings. While the majority of waste is commonly produced during the operation phase of a mine, waste characterization needs to be considered for all phases of the mine life. The operational phase of a mine or quarry encompasses all the activities from mineral deposit develo
36、pment to detailed planning for closure. There are two main waste streams from the production process that need to be characterised, i.e. waste material generated as part of the extraction that will not go through mineral processing and the waste produced during processing. The waste produced prior t
37、o mineral processing will primarily be waste rock separated at the excavation front. In a hard rock mine, sampling may be done before blasting from drill cores, or after blasting. After mineral processing the waste will primarily be tailings (i.e. tail end of the process), and samples may be collect
38、ed from pipelines, discharge trenches or conveyer belts. Extractive waste may contain chemicals added as part of the production process. Normally, if not recovered for construction purposes, all extractive waste is deposited on site. 1) As defined in Directive 2006/21/EC. PD CEN/TR 16365:2012CEN/TR
39、16365:2012 (E) 5 This guidance is also applicable for sampling from closed sites in case sampling and testing of waste is required. Sampling at closed sites, including abandoned historic mine-sites, may in some cases require specific approaches e.g. due to accessibility and limited background inform
40、ation. NOTE Given the great variety of waste types, sampling situations and objectives, this Technical Report cannot provide definitive instructions that cover all scenarios. Instead, it discusses the basic considerations to be followed, and provides guidance on selection of sampling approaches that
41、 might be relevant to the three principle phases of a mine: 1) Exploration, 2) Operation and 3) Closure. Sampling of existing waste deposits at mines that are still in operation would be very similar to Scenario 3) Closure. 2) Document structure The structure of this sampling guideline is based on t
42、he concepts and procedural steps outlined in Figure 2 of EN 14899:2005 and subsequent subclauses, with some additions to address specific features of the extractive industry. Clause 2 key elements of a sampling plan, is the core of this guidance document. This clause is divided into ten sub-sections
43、 that describe the steps of developing sampling plans, from defining the involved parties to describing the sampling techniques. It lists possible objectives for the different stages of the extractive waste characterization, background information that may be available, explains generic levels of te
44、sting and describes sampling approaches and techniques. PD CEN/TR 16365:2012CEN/TR 16365:2012 (E) 6 1 Scope This Technical Report gives additional and specific information on sampling for testing of waste from the extractive industry to support the development of appropriate sampling plans. This sup
45、plementary guidance to EN 14899 is required because waste from the extractive industry differs considerably from the waste types and sampling scenarios covered in the existing technical reports (CEN/TR 15310-1 to -5) that support the Framework Standard. This guidance document should be used in conju
46、nction with EN 14899 and its supporting technical reports CEN/TR 15310-1 to -5. The approach to sampling described in this document is primarily focused on the requirements to undertake mineralogical and geochemical testing of the waste. Whilst much of the background information provided is also rel
47、evant to geotechnical investigations there may be important additional requirements or differences in approach for determining relevant physical parameters. For example, many geotechnical parameters are determined using field tests, which are not discussed in this document. References to alternative
48、 source documentation are provided. The guidance provided in this document applies only to above-ground exposure to radio-nuclides present in the undisturbed earth crust and not to the production, processing, handling use, holding, storage, transport, or disposal of radioactive substances that are o
49、r have been processed for their radioactive, fissile or fertile properties. This Technical Report provides some discussion of current best practice, but is not exhaustive. To clarify the text, the document provides a number of worked examples in the Annexes. 2 Key elements of a sampling plan 2.1 General The sampling plan identifies the appropriate and practical
