1、Automotive fuels - Paraffinic diesel fuel and blends with FAME - Background to the parameters required and their respective limits and determination PD CEN/TR 16389:2017BSI Standards PublicationWB11885_BSI_StandardCovs_2013_AW.indd 1 15/05/2013 15:06TECHNICAL REPORT RAPPORT TECHNIQUE TECHNISCHER BER
2、ICHT CEN/TR 16389 July 2017 ICS 75.160.20 Supersedes CEN/TR 16389:2012English Version Automotive fuels - Paraffinic diesel fuel and blends with FAME - Background to the parameters required and their respective limits and determination Carburants pour automobiles - Gazole paraffinique et consituent d
3、EMAG - Historique sur la dfinition des paramtres requis, de leurs limites et de leurs dterminations respectives Kraftstoff fr Kraftfahrzeuge - Paraffinischer Dieselkraftstoff und Kraftstoff-Mischungen - Hintergrund zu den erforderlichen Parametern, den entsprechenden Grenzwerten und deren Bestimmung
4、This Technical Report was approved by CEN on 28 May 2017. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee CEN/TC 19. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France,
5、 Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCH
6、ES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2017 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. CEN/TR 16389:2017 ENational forewordThis Published Document is the UK implementation of CEN/TR
7、 16389:2017.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee PTI/2, Liquid Fuels.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. User
8、s are responsible for its correct application. The British Standards Institution 2017 Published by BSI Standards Limited 2017ISBN 978 0 580 97588 2ICS 75.160.20Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations. This Published Document was published under the authority
9、of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 August 2017.Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate Text affectedPUBLISHED DOCUMENTPD CEN/TR 16389:2017TECHNICAL REPORT RAPPORT TECHNIQUE TECHNISCHER BERICHT CEN/TR 16389 July 2017 ICS 75.160.20 Supersedes CEN/TR 16389:2012English Versi
10、on Automotive fuels - Paraffinic diesel fuel and blends with FAME - Background to the parameters required and their respective limits and determination Carburants pour automobiles - Gazole paraffinique et consituent dEMAG - Historique sur la dfinition des paramtres requis, de leurs limites et de leu
11、rs dterminations respectives Kraftstoff fr Kraftfahrzeuge - Paraffinischer Dieselkraftstoff und Kraftstoff-Mischungen - Hintergrund zu den erforderlichen Parametern, den entsprechenden Grenzwerten und deren BestimmungThis Technical Report was approved by CEN on 28 May 2017. It has been drawn up by t
12、he Technical Committee CEN/TC 19. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg,
13、Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Bruss
14、els 2017 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. CEN/TR 16389:2017 EPD CEN/TR 16389:2017CEN/TR 16389:2017(E) 2 Contents Page European foreword . 3 1 Scope 4 2 Normative references 4 3 Summary of the XTL-HVO taskforce work . 4
15、4 Record of the work to date. 5 4.1 Context 5 4.2 Paraffinic diesel fuel and FAME blending Task Force 7 4.3 Planning 9 5 The paraffinic diesel fuel specification 10 5.1 Parameters included . 10 5.2 Considerations on the parameters 12 5.2.1 Cetane number 12 5.2.2 Density . 17 5.2.3 Flash point 19 5.2
16、.4 Viscosity . 19 5.2.5 Distillation characteristics . 21 5.2.6 Lubricity 24 5.2.7 Total aromatics content . 25 5.2.8 Sulfur content 28 5.2.9 Contamination . 28 5.2.10 Copper strip corrosion . 29 5.2.11 Oxidation stability . 29 5.2.12 FAME . 32 5.2.13 Climate dependence 33 5.2.14 Additives 35 5.2.15
17、 Sampling 35 5.2.16 Pump marking . 35 5.2.17 Housekeeping guidance . 35 5.2.18 MMT 35 5.3 Parameters considered and not included in the draft specification . 35 5.3.1 Poly-cyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and olefin content 35 5.3.2 Elastomer compatibility 36 5.3.3 Cetane index . 37 6 Acknowledgement . 3
18、7 Bibliography . 38 PD CEN/TR 16389:2017CEN/TR 16389:2017(E) 3 European foreword This document (CEN/TR 16389:2017) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 19 “Gaseous and liquid fuels, lubricants and related products of petroleum, synthetic and biological origin”, the secretariat of which is
19、 held by NEN. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This document supersedes CEN/TR 16389:2012. This second version replaces the first edit
20、ion, CEN/TR 16389:2012, which has been updated following the revision of CEN/TS 15940 into a full European Standard. Discussions within CEN/TC 19 and the results of two interlaboratory studies (ILS) initiated by NEN and the TF XTL/HVO and funded by the European Commission have been included. PD CEN/
21、TR 16389:2017CEN/TR 16389:2017(E) 4 1 Scope This Technical Report explains the requirements and test methods for marketed and delivered paraffinic diesel as such from synthesis (XTL) or hydrotreatment (HVO) and of blends thereof with up to 7%(V/V) of fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) according to Euro
22、pean fuel specifications. It provides background information to judge the final text of the European Standard EN 15940 and gives guidance and explanations to the producers, blenders, marketers and users of paraffinic automotive diesel. Paraffinic diesel is a high quality, clean burning fuel with vir
23、tually no sulfur and aromatics. Paraffinic diesel fuel can be used in diesel engines, also to reduce regulated emissions. In order to have the greatest possible emissions reduction, a specific calibration may be necessary. Paraffinic diesel fuel can also offer a meaningful contribution to the target
24、 of increased non-crude derived and/or renewable content in transportation fuel pool. For general diesel engine warranty, paraffinic automotive diesel fuel may need a validation step to confirm the compatibility of the fuel with the vehicle, which for some existing engines may still need to be done.
25、 The vehicle manufacturer needs to be consulted before use. NOTE 1 This document is directly related to the development of EN 15940 and will be updated once further publications take place. NOTE 2 Paraffinic diesel is also used as a blending component in automotive diesel fuel. In that case, composi
26、tion and properties of the final blends are defined by relevant fuel specification standards. NOTE 3 For the purposes of this document, the term “% (m/m)” and “% (V/V)” are used to represent the mass fraction, , and the volume fraction, , respectively. 2 Normative references The following documents,
27、 in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 590, Automotive fuels Diesel
28、 Requirements and test methods EN 14214, Liquid petroleum products Fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) for use in diesel engines and heating applications Requirements and test methods EN 15940, Automotive fuels Paraffinic diesel fuel from synthesis or hydrotreatment Requirements and test methods 3 Summa
29、ry of the XTL-HVO taskforce work Following the 68th CEN Technical Board meeting, CEN/TC 19 had been requested to check eventual and existing conflicts between the scope of work as proposed for Workshop 61 on “Automotive fuels - Blends of paraffinic diesel from synthesis (XTL) or hydrotreatment (HVO)
30、 and fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) - Requirements and test methods“. At a CEN/TC 19/WG 24 meeting on 30 November 2010, the consensus was that there was a possible conflict between EN 590 and the Workshop 61. The advice to both the proposers and CEN/TC 19 was to take upon the work on XTL/HVO. A TF
31、under WG 24 was established in order to address the matter and also to enable specific paraffinic diesel fuel and engine experts to exchange information. On 13 December 2010, the Workshop 61 proposers had a teleconference with the TC Chairman and Secretary on the way forward for the agreed upon TF u
32、nder WG 24. In the spirit of harmonization, they thought it advisable that the already existing CWA 15940 should also be revised. That document had been developed in 2007 2009 by a CEN Workshop 38 and was meant for dedicated fleet usage. In PD CEN/TR 16389:2017CEN/TR 16389:2017(E) 5 2010, XTL produc
33、ts were already reaching the EU and certain fleets had expressed interest in purchases on the basis of CWA 15940, therefore the CWA needed to stay in place until any revisions had been completed. Hence, a proposal to accept the idea of Workshop 61 as an active work under CEN/TC 19, followed by a rev
34、ision of CWA 15940 was balloted. At the plenary meeting of May 2011, CEN/TC 19 accepted the two proposals for new work. In view of the time pressure, the paraffinic diesel - FAME blends needed to be specified via a CEN/TS. The work on the specifications was developed during a series of paraffinic di
35、esel fuel and FAME blends Task Force (TF XTL-HVO) meetings between 2011 and 2016, and is presented by means of this Technical Report. The first deliverable from these discussions, CEN/TS 15940:2012 1, comprised of a set of properties and limit values to define an adequate quality of the paraffinic d
36、iesel fuel and recommendations for precautions to be taken. Discussion in the TF started with the task to handle only blends with FAME; CWA 15940 was to remain for the short term as an assurance for the industry for a non-FAME containing product. This allowed that the blending from 0 % to 7 % of FAM
37、E (as in EN 590) was copied. Because CWA 15940 allowed limited FAME blending for lubricity, the TF concluded that distinguishing (for instance via classes) between no FAME and up to 7 % FAME would be highly artificial. Therefore, a suggestion to CEN/TC 19 was made to draft the CEN/TS as a replacemen
38、t of CWA 15940 and to use it for up to 7 % blending. This proposal was accepted and the task force started their work accordingly. However, CEN/TS 15940 still contained some pending issues. The work towards the TS specification together with the first edition of CEN/TR 16389:2012 2 provided the evid
39、ence that it was reasonable to use the cited test methods within CEN/TS 15940:2012. The pros and cons of further required test assessment work performed by the TF and CEN groups, plus the responses to the open comments after the last ballot were discussed in April 2013 and the TF agreed to request f
40、or revision of the TS into a full European Standard. The work towards EN 15940 has looked at the test methods in more detail to confirm the applicability of the scope to paraffinic diesel fuel and to determine if their precision is sufficient to support the limit values proposed. Advice and support
41、from both test method experts and other CEN Groups were sought where required. For all standard test methods referenced in EN 15940, the applicability for paraffinic diesel fuels was verified. For the methods to determine the cloud point, cold filter plugging point (CFPP), cetane number and total ar
42、omatics content inter laboratory test programmes were carried out. That work has been funded by the European Commission. The resulting precision limits for paraffinic diesel fuels for these methods are laid down in Annex A of EN 15940. The necessary alternative test procedure for the total aromatics
43、 content was laid down in a separate Annex to the standard. That procedure will be adopted by CEN/TC 19/WG 9 in an existing test method standard. In May 2016, CEN approved EN 15940. Initiated by comments made in the enquiry ballot, the TF proposed to remove the limit on the application of the produc
44、t to captive fleet usage. That led to some technical updates, a.o. an A-deviation for a country that only allows EN 590 automotive diesel fuel products on its public market, which could not be introduced in the formal vote. An amendment has thus been initiated after EN 15940 had been published by CE
45、N. 4 Record of the work to date 4.1 Context From an environmental perspective, paraffinic diesel is a high quality, clean burning fuel with virtually no sulfur and aromatics. Paraffinic diesel fuel can be used in existing diesel engines, substantially reducing regulated and unregulated emissions. In
46、 order to have the greatest possible emissions reduction, a specific calibration may be necessary. Paraffinic diesel fuel will also offer a meaningful contribution to the target of increased non-petroleum/renewable content in transportation fuel pool. PD CEN/TR 16389:2017CEN/TR 16389:2017(E) 6 As so
47、me production processes result in a fuel containing cyclo-paraffins, as well as to n-paraffins and iso paraffins, they show different cetane number compared to other paraffinic diesel fuels. Hence, two classes, one of them showing improved ignition quality compared to regular automotive diesel fuel,
48、 have been defined in EN 15940. Both classes are intended for use in dedicated diesel vehicles. Worldwide, policy makers are increasingly keen to move away from petroleum-based fuels to more diverse or renewable sources of energy for reasons of environmental protection, energy security and continued
49、 economic development. Amongst the available solutions are the paraffinic diesel fuels (as discussed in a CEN workshop WS 38, which led to the workshop specification CWA 15940). Typical production processes, covered by that workshop, are: 1) Fischer Tropsch synthesis (XTL), 2) Hydrotreatment of vegetable oils (HVO), and 3) Conversion of olefins to distillates (COD). The WS 38 activity in 2007 to 2009 covered the requirements and test methods for the B0 variants of paraffinic diesel fuels (where B0 indicates no addition of FAME). However, against the
