1、BSI Standards PublicationPD CEN/TR 16710-1:2015Ergonomics methodsPart 1: Feedback method A method tounderstand how end users perform theirwork with machinesPD CEN/TR 16710-1:2015 PUBLISHED DOCUMENTNational forewordThis Published Document is the UK implementation of CEN/TR16710-1:2015.The UK particip
2、ation in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee PH/9, Applied ergonomics.A list of organizations represented on this committee can beobtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessaryprovisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its
3、 correctapplication. The British Standards Institution 2015. Published by BSI StandardsLimited 2015ISBN 978 0 580 91001 2ICS 13.110; 13.180Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity fromlegal obligations.This Published Document was published under the authority of theStandards Policy
4、and Strategy Committee on 31 December 2015.Amendments issued since publicationDate Text affectedPD CEN/TR 16710-1:2015TECHNICAL REPORT RAPPORT TECHNIQUE TECHNISCHER BERICHT CEN/TR 16710-1 December 2015 ICS 13.110; 13.180 English Version Ergonomics methods - Part 1: Feedback method - A method to unde
5、rstand how end users perform their work with machines Feedbackmethode - Eine Methode zum Verstndnis wie Endnutzer ihre Arbeit mit Machinen durchfhrenThis Technical Report was approved by CEN on 17 November 2015. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee CEN/TC 122. CEN members are the national
6、 standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovaki
7、a, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey andUnited Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2015 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means re
8、served worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. CEN/TR 16710-1:2015 EPD CEN/TR 16710-1:2015CEN/TR 16710-1:2015 (E) 2 Contents Page European Foreword 3 Introduction 4 1 Scope 6 2 Normative references 6 3 Terms and definitions . 6 4 General principles . 9 5 Feedback method . 10 5.1 The “Feedback m
9、ethod” steps . 10 5.2 Selection of the machine to be investigated . 10 5.3 Collection of documentation and preparation of a machine dossier 11 5.4 Identification of companies where the machine is regularly used 11 5.5 Inspection of work places . 12 5.6 Feedback Method Work Groups and work analysis w
10、ith skilled users of the machine . 13 5.6.1 Preparation for meetings 13 5.6.2 Work analysis with skilled end-users of the machine 13 5.7 Written report of the Feedback Method Work Group results and their validation . 15 5.8 Project overview and final technical report . 16 Annex A (informative) Exist
11、ing results . 17 Annex B (informative) Inspection form “Combine Harvester” . 22 Annex C (informative) Work phases and tasks/activities “Combine Harvesters” . 30 C.1 Phase 1: Road travel and transport (with mounted cutter bar, or cutter bar trailer) 30 C.2 Phase 2: Preparation for use, changeover 30
12、C.3 Phase 3: Harvesting process 30 C.4 Phase 4: Maintenance and fault clearance 30 Annex D (informative) Extract from report of the FMWG “Combine Harvester” - Italy . 32 Annex E (informative) Extract of recommended amendments to EN ISO 4254-7:2009 “Agricultural machinery - Safety - Part 7: Combine h
13、arvesters, forage harvesters and cotton harvesters” from the application of the “Feedback Method” . 33 Bibliography . 35 PD CEN/TR 16710-1:2015CEN/TR 16710-1:2015 (E) 3 European Foreword This document (CEN/TR 16710-1:2015) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 122 “Ergonomics”, the secreta
14、riat of which is held by DIN. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Standardization can release its full potential for growt
15、h, productivity and health and safety of citizens only when all interested parties are adequately involved. This document has been prepared considering CEN/CLC Guide 17 “Guidance for writing standards taking into account micro, small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) needs”. EN 16710 consists of t
16、he following parts under the general title Ergonomics methods: Part 1: Feedback method - A method to understand how end users perform their work with machines (Technical Report) Part 2: A methodology for work analysis to support design These present independent methods that can be used to support th
17、e implementation of ergonomics principles, for example as advocated in EN ISO 12100 and the EN 614 series. PD CEN/TR 16710-1:2015CEN/TR 16710-1:2015 (E) 4 Introduction The importance of involving users in the design of machinery is recognized in most standards that deal with ergonomic design princip
18、les. In fact, i.e. EN 614-1 strongly recommends user involvement because it helps to identify measures and improvements for future design. CEN Guide 414, EN ISO 6385:2004, EN ISO 9241-210:2010 and EN ISO 12100:2010 also provide for feedback from the end-users of machinery, and affirm the need to con
19、tinue monitoring the effect of the system in order to safeguard against long-term deterioration in the performance or health of the users. Collecting users experiences by reconstructing their activities, how they perform their work in different real-life operating conditions, will yield knowledge of
20、 the problems that emerge from common, everyday use and help to identify possible corrections and improvements to harmonized technical standards and machinery design and manufacture. In the context of machinery safety, it is widely accepted that end-users possess extensive knowledge of the equipment
21、 they work with every day 15. Collecting this information as feedback from end-users, mainly workers, provides a basis not just for improving machinery standards by incorporating ergonomics principles 17, but also for putting standards to work and monitoring their quality over the years. Those who c
22、an benefit from such knowledge include: CEN and ISO and national standardization committees and working groups who can become aware of the problems relating to the real use of specific machine in different work contexts, and will thus be able to draw up new or to revise existing standards accordingl
23、y; designers (who are involved in the design or redesign) and manufacturers enabling them to produce better, more comfortable and safer machines and to provide precise, clear and exhaustive instructions for use; employers/buyers to help them choose the best available machinery on the market; the end
24、 users, employers, artisans and workers for training purposes and for defining appropriate work procedures; market surveillance, authorities to enhance their knowledge and improve the efficiency of their interventions; the machinery working group (MWG) chaired by the European Commission, whenever th
25、ey need to collect further details on machinery design problems tabled during the MWG meetings. Studies have shown that the “Feedback Method” described in this Technical Report has a high level of repeatability, as demonstrated by the results obtained in many different production contexts in seven d
26、ifferent European member states from applying this method to five CE-marked machines manufactured in conformity with their specific C-standard (see Annex A). The full participation and support of employees, employers, users and buyers of machinery, technicians and market surveillance personnel in pu
27、tting the “Feedback Method“ into practice is key to its successful application. Within these studies, a detailed ergonomic analysis of the work with each machine, involving a number of work groups, yielded a large body of valuable information on the specific characteristics of machine use in differe
28、nt work contexts and socio-cultural, climatic and microclimatic environments. Using the standardized method described in this Technical Report, that makes little demand on time and resources, multiple work groups can easily be set up to collect skilled users experiences with a specific machine and t
29、o use this valuable information to: PD CEN/TR 16710-1:2015CEN/TR 16710-1:2015 (E) 5 a) identify failings in the appropriate technical standard or the design rather than in its use; b) validate the results already obtained; c) monitor improvements in the work activity and the efficacy of the ergonomi
30、c and safety solutions applied. The outcomes of the method described in this Technical Report can also be used for evaluating and/or designing new machinery similar to the one under study. EXAMPLE When dealing with the roll-over risk of any self-propelled machinery with a driver on board during use
31、on uneven or lose ground. The method can be used by workers representatives or, more generally, representatives of consumers and users, to collect evidence for making improvements to various types of machinery, possibly after the occurrence of unwanted events during the use of a machine, so as to id
32、entify the causes and possible solutions. Where appropriate, recommendations can then be forwarded to the appropriate CEN/CENELEC Technical Committees. For example, one important safety recommendation for any revision of EN ISO 21281 is to standardize the position of the main foot pedals to avoid th
33、e risk of confusion and accidents. Figure 1 shows the differences in pedal layout identified during the application of the “Feedback Method” to fork-lift trucks. Manual selector of direction. Right-foot-operated (car-like) accelerator. Left-foot-operated selector of direction. Right-foot-operated ac
34、celerator. Right-foot-operated selector of direction and right-foot-operated accelerator. Foot-operated selector of direction and accelerator (both left and right feet). A = Accelerator B = Brake and/or approach at reduced speed C = Clutch coupling (if present) or approach at reduced speed Figure 1
35、Illustration of the various foot pedal layouts identified in different fork-lift trucks PD CEN/TR 16710-1:2015CEN/TR 16710-1:2015 (E) 6 1 Scope This Technical Report describes the “Feedback Method”, a method designed specifically to collect the contribution of machinery end-users by reconstructing a
36、nd understanding how work is actually performed (i.e. the real work). This method can help to improve technical standards, as well as the design, manufacturing, and use of machinery. By collecting the experiences of skilled users, this method can be used to reconstruct their actual work activities u
37、nder different operating conditions and with any kind of machine. This helps to identify all the critical aspects having an impact on health and safety, or associated with ergonomic principles. Moreover, it makes it possible to identify some basic elements for defining the standards for machines and
38、 for their revision and improvement. It can also improve production efficiency and identify any need for additional study and research. The method is designed to minimize the influence of the subjectivity of the facilitators and researchers in reconstructing and describing the reality of work, and t
39、o maximize the “objective” contribution of the skilled users of the machine. The method combines a high level of reproducibility, sensitivity, and user-friendliness with low demands in term of resources, which makes it attractive to micro, small and medium-sized enterprises. This Technical Report is
40、 addressed to standards writers, designers and manufacturers, employers-buyers, end users, craftsmen and workers, market surveillance and authorities. 2 Normative references The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its applic
41、ation. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN ISO 12100:2010, Safety of machinery General principles for design Risk assessment and risk reduction (ISO 12100:2010) 3 Terms and
42、definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN ISO 12100 and the following apply. 3.1 end-user feedback information given back by end-users 3.2 expert skilled end-user person who has habitually used the machine under investigation for an extended period; normall
43、y he has received specific training in the use of the machine through professional courses or directly at the workplace by a tutor, often by the employer or expert co-worker; he is often in charge of training of co-workers in the use of the machine under investigation; he may be considered expert in
44、 the installation, use and maintenance of the machine Note 1 to entry: In micro and small-sized enterprises the expert/skilled end-user is often the employer. PD CEN/TR 16710-1:2015CEN/TR 16710-1:2015 (E) 7 3.3 facilitator person, who leads the “Feedback Method” Work Groups and collects the contribu
45、tions of the skilled users of the machinery Note 1 to entry: The facilitator is competent in leading groups, and in occupational health and safety and the ergonomics of machinery, or is supported by experts in such disciplines. 3.4 feedback method specific method designed and applied to collect the
46、contribution of machinery end-users by reconstructing and understanding the real work, in order to improve technical standards, together with the design, the manufacture and use of machinery Note 1 to entry: See also 11. 3.5 feedback method sheet document used by the facilitator to guide the discuss
47、ions of the FMWG and to record the collected information Note 1 to entry: See 5.6.2. 3.6 feedback method Work Group FMWG group composed of five to nine experts/skilled end users, coming from different enterprises, which, under the direction of a facilitator, provides the reconstruction and understan
48、ding of the real work with a specific machine by means of the “Feedback Method” sheet 3.7 final technical report synthesis of the results of all the processes of the “Feedback Method” to a specific machine, written by the researcher from the reports of the FMWG meetings with the help, if needed, of
49、other ergonomists/ technicians/ consultants Note 1 to entry: The main contents are represented by the critical aspects identified, risks and disorders as well as by the possible solutions and or any need for further research. 3.8 job organization and sequence in time and space of an individuals work tasks or the combination of all human performance by one worker within a work system SOURCE: ISO 6385:2004, 2.4 3.9 machine dossier collection of technical documentation and data on the machine, so as to be aware of the main safety issues (i. e. normal
