1、Railway applications Infrastructure Survey on isolated defectsPD CEN/TR 16978:2016BSI Standards PublicationWB11885_BSI_StandardCovs_2013_AW.indd 1 15/05/2013 15:06National forewordThis Published Document is the UK implementation of CEN/TR 16978:2016.The UK participation in its preparation was entrus
2、ted to TechnicalCommittee RAE/2, Railway Applications - Track.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained onrequest to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions ofa contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. Th
3、e British Standards Institution 2016.Published by BSI Standards Limited 2016ISBN 978 0 580 87234 1ICS 93.100Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity fromlegal obligations.This Published Document was published under the authority of theStandards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 Oc
4、tober 2016. Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate Text affectedPUBLISHED DOCUMENTPD CEN/TR 16978:2016TECHNICAL REPORT RAPPORT TECHNIQUE TECHNISCHER BERICHT CEN/TR 16978 October 2016 ICS 93.100 English Version Railway applications - Infrastructure - Survey on isolated defects Bahnanwendu
5、ngen - Infrastruktur - berblick von Einzelfehlern This Technical Report was approved by CEN on 23 May 2016. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee CEN/TC 256. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finl
6、and, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey andUnited Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATIO
7、N COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2016 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. CEN/TR 16978:2016 EPD CEN/TR 16978:2016CEN/TR 16978:
8、2016 (E) 2 Contents Page European foreword . 4 Introduction 5 1 Scope 6 2 Normative references 6 3 Terms and definitions . 6 4 Symbols and abbreviations . 6 5 Methodology . 7 5.1 General considerations . 7 5.2 Collected data . 7 5.2.1 Scope of survey. 7 5.2.2 Speed classes. 8 5.2.3 Parameters invest
9、igated 8 5.2.4 Calculation of lengths of exceedances . 9 5.2.5 Data processing 9 6 Participating networks and involvement 10 6.1 Participating networks 10 6.2 Coverage 10 7 Results 11 7.1 General remarks . 11 7.2 Results for longitudinal level in D1 . 11 7.3 Results for alignment in D1 12 7.4 Result
10、s for mean gauge over 100 m 13 7.5 Results for twist on a base of 3 m . 14 7.6 Results for narrow gauge 15 7.7 Results for wide gauge . 16 7.8 Results for longitudinal level in domain D2 . 17 7.9 Results for alignment in domain D2 18 Annex A (informative) Spread of collected data 19 A.1 General . 19
11、 A.2 Results for longitudinal level in D1 with V 80 km/h 19 A.3 Results for longitudinal level in D1 with 80 km/h V 120 km/h . 20 A.4 Results for longitudinal level in D1 with 120 km/h V 160 km/h . 21 A.5 Results for longitudinal level in D1 with 160 km/h V 230 km/h . 22 A.6 Results for longitudinal
12、 level in D1 with 230 km/h V 300 km/h . 23 A.7 Results for alignment in D1 with V 80 km/h . 24 A.8 Results for alignment in D1 with 80 km/h V 120 km/h 25 A.9 Results for alignment in D1 with 120 km/h V 160 km/h 26 A.10 Results for alignment in D1 with 160 km/h V 230 km/h 27 PD CEN/TR 16978:2016CEN/T
13、R 16978:2016 (E) 3 A.11 Results for alignment in D1 with 230 km/h V 300 km/h 28 A.12 Results for mean gauge over 100 m with V 80 km/h . 29 A.13 Results for mean gauge over 100 m with 80 km/h V 120 km/h . 30 A.14 Results for mean gauge over 100 m with 120 km/h V 160 km/h 31 A.15 Results for mean gaug
14、e over 100 m with 160 km/h V 230 km/h 32 A.16 Results for mean gauge over 100 m with 230 km/h V 300 km/h 33 A.17 Results for twist on a base of 3 m with V 80 km/h 34 A.18 Results for twist on a base of 3 m with 80 km/h V 120 km/h 35 A.19 Results for twist on base of 3 m with 120 km/h V 160 km/h 36 A
15、.20 Results for twist on a base of 3 m with 160 km/h V 230 km/h . 37 A.21 Results for twist on a base of 3 m with 230 km/h V 300 km/h . 38 A.22 Results for narrow gauge V 80 km/h . 39 A.23 Results for narrow gauge 80 km/h V 120 km/h . 40 A.24 Results for narrow gauge 120 km/h V 160 km/h 41 A.25 Resu
16、lts for narrow gauge 160 km/h V 230 km/h 42 A.26 Results for narrow gauge 230 km/h V 300 km/h 43 A.27 Results for wide gauge V 80 km/h. 44 A.28 Results for wide gauge 80 km/h V 120 km/h 45 A.29 Results for wide gauge 120 km/h V 160 km/h . 46 A.30 Results for wide gauge 160 km/h V 230 km/h . 47 A.31
17、Results for wide gauge 230 km/h V 300 km/h . 48 A.32 Results for longitudinal level in domain D2 with 160 km/h V 230 km/h . 49 A.33 Results for longitudinal level in domain D2 with 230 km/h V 300 km/h . 50 A.34 Results for alignment in domain D2 with 160 km/h V 230 km/h 51 A.35 Results for alignment
18、 in domain D2 with 230 km/h V 300 km/h 52 Bibliography . 53 PD CEN/TR 16978:2016CEN/TR 16978:2016 (E) 4 European foreword This document (CEN/TR 16978:2016) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 256 “Railway applications”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN. Attention is drawn to the p
19、ossibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. PD CEN/TR 16978:2016CEN/TR 16978:2016 (E) 5 Introduction The Working Group CEN/TC 256 SC1/WG 28 “Railway application
20、s/Infrastructure/Track geometry quality” conducted a European Survey on Isolated Defects (ESID) in order to support the process of the development of the EN 13848 series. The goal of the survey was to get an overview of certain thresholds of selected track geometry parameters in several European net
21、works in terms of Isolated Defects (ID). This Technical Report does not include urban rail matters. PD CEN/TR 16978:2016CEN/TR 16978:2016 (E) 6 1 Scope This Technical Report describes the methodology used for the survey on Isolated Defects (ID) and gives the results. 2 Normative references The follo
22、wing documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 13848-1, Rail
23、way applications Track Track geometry quality Part 1: Characterisation of track geometry EN 13848-5:2008+A1:2010, Railway applications Track Track geometry quality Part 5: Geometric quality levels Plain line 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitio
24、ns apply. 3.1 decolouring algorithm which converts one signal into a different signal Note 1 to entry: It is used in EN 13848 series to convert a chord measurement signal into a D1 or D2 measurement signal. 3.2 Immediate Action Limit IAL value which, if exceeded, requires taking measures to reduce t
25、he risk of derailment to an acceptable level Note 1 to entry: To reduce the risk of derailment can be done either by closing the line, reducing speed or by correction of track geometry. 3.3 isolated defect part of the signal exceeding a given limit such as IAL with at least one sample (data break) N
26、ote 1 to entry: The length of the exceedance is given by the number of samples exceeding the limit. A minimum length of exceedance may be applied to determine an isolated defect. 4 Symbols and abbreviations For the purposes of this Technical Report, the following symbols and abbreviations apply. PD
27、CEN/TR 16978:2016CEN/TR 16978:2016 (E) 7 Table 1 Symbols and abbreviations Symbol Designation Unit AL Alignment mm D1 Wavelength range 3 m 25 m m D2 Wavelength range 25 m 70 m m LL Longitudinal level mm LoE Length of exceedance m V Speed km/h NOTE In this Report, AL stands for “alignment” and is not
28、 to be confused with AL standing for “alert limit” as defined in EN 138485. 5 Methodology 5.1 General considerations The objective of the European Survey on Isolated Defects (ESID) is to get an understanding and an overview concerning isolated defects within European networks. In a first step it was
29、 ensured that at least 6 networks showed interest in participating in this study. The initial idea was to collect the number of isolated defects which exceed certain threshold levels. A discussion between the networks showed very different approaches concerning definition and counting rules of such
30、isolated defects. In addition some networks had very limited availability of appropriate national databases and evaluation tools and concerns regarding costs and effort of a too detailed evaluation were raised. So the experts of CEN/TC 256/SC 1/WG 28 worked out an alternative methodology which was m
31、ore practical for most participating networks and less time consuming. First of all, the number of measurement parameters was limited to 8. For the next step, it was agreed to base the survey on cumulative frequency distributions of exceeding lengths. These cover at least the range of thresholds up
32、to and above the IALs according to EN 13848-5. That means that for each threshold of a measurement parameter, the number of metres exceeding this threshold within the participating network were determined. Finally each of the participating networks provided data for a representative part of their ne
33、twork according to the technical specification described below in 5.2. With the help of a standardised inquiry form, the cumulative frequency distributions of the data were determined and were sent to the CEN/TC 256/SC 1/WG 28 clearing office. In order to make the data anonymous, the clearing office
34、 assigned a random network number to the data of each network and summarized the data in anonymous charts. These were supplied to CEN/TC 256/SC 1/WG 28 only. Without agreement of all participating networks neither the clearing office nor CEN/TC 256/SC 1/WG 28 may disclose or publish any of the data
35、or the assignment between data and participating networks as a whole or in parts to anyone else. 5.2 Collected data 5.2.1 Scope of survey The survey collected data for all main lines of the participating networks; main tracks in stations are included in the survey as well. Isolated switches or group
36、 of switches situated in plain line and run at line speed are included in the provided data, unless typical errors due to measuring systems occur. In PD CEN/TR 16978:2016CEN/TR 16978:2016 (E) 8 the latter case, the respective data were excluded from the survey. In any case, all side tracks have been
37、 excluded. This prevents counting non-representative exceedances. The survey was based on measurements of track taken typically at 0,25 m spacing. For a network length of 10 000 km track this would result in a cumulative frequency distribution comprising over 40 million measurements. The survey was
38、conducted using the most current measurement value for each location. This was summarized in a cumulative frequency distribution. Where it was not possible for a participating network to do the calculation over their whole network, all data sets containing at least 10 % of the network were taken int
39、o account while the track layout and track quality considered in the sample had to be as representative as possible for the whole network. The track length considered for each speed class had to be quoted in the standardised inquiry form. 5.2.2 Speed classes The survey was done in 5 speed classes ac
40、cording to the EN 13848 series: 1) 230 km/h V 300 km/h; 2) 160 km/h V 230 km/h; 3) 120 km/h V 160 km/h; 4) 80 km/h V 120 km/h; 5) V 80km/h. Speeds higher than 300 km/h were not taken into account due to the lack of sufficient data. In order to ensure anonymity of networks with high-speed tracks, the
41、 network lengths of the participating networks were not disclosed in the results. They were just used as weighting factors to calculate European exceedance lengths. 5.2.3 Parameters investigated The survey was done on the parameters in the ranges given in Table 2. PD CEN/TR 16978:2016CEN/TR 16978:20
42、16 (E) 9 Table 2 Parameters and studied ranges Parameters Threshold range (min to max) for speed classes km/h V 80 80 V 120 120 V 160 160 V 230 230 V 300 1 Longitudinal level (LL) for domain D1 according to EN 13848-1 (1 to 30) mm (1 to 28) mm (1 to 25) mm (1 to 22) mm (1 to 18) mm 2 Alignment (AL)
43、for domain D1 according to EN 13848-1 (1 to 24) mm (1 to 19) mm (1 to 16) mm (1 to 14) mm (1 to 12) mm 3 Mean Gauge (average over 100 m) narrow according to EN 13848-1 (1 to 10) mm (1 to 9) mm (1 to 7) mm (1 to 7) mm (1 to 5) mm 4 LL for domain D2 according to EN 13848-1 (1 to 35) mm (1 to 30) mm 5
44、AL for domain D2 according to EN 13848-1 (1 to 26) mm (1 to 22) mm 6 Twist on a base of 3 m and expressed in mm/m according to EN 13848-1 (1 to 9) mm/m (1 to 9) mm/m (1 to 9) mm/m (1 to 9) mm/m (1 to 7) mm/m 7 Narrow gauge according to EN 13848-1 (1 to 13) mm (1 to 13) mm (1 to 12) mm (1 to 9) mm (1
45、 to 7) mm 8 Wide gauge according to EN 13848-1 (1 to 37) mm (1 to 37) mm (1 to 37) mm (1 to 30) mm (1 to 30) mm Where the origin of the measurement data for LL and AL was chord based, they were decoloured to obtain D1. 5.2.4 Calculation of lengths of exceedances For each of the parameters above, the
46、 length of exceedances (LoEs) were collected for all threshold levels in steps of 1 mm according to the range of values given in Table 2, except for twist where the LoEs were collected for threshold levels in steps of 1 per mille. All LoEs were collected in the units of metres per 100 km which means
47、 it was collected from the number of metres which exceed the threshold level related to a distance of 100 km. For longitudinal level and alignment in domain D1 as well as D2 the exceedance lengths of left and right rail have been added. 5.2.5 Data processing The tables of LoEs for all participating
48、networks for the 5 speed classes were produced and a weighted average was calculated for each step of the frequency distribution. The line length of each participating network in the considered speed class was used as a weighting factor. In this way European Lengths of Exceedances were determined fo
49、r the 5 speed classes and all 8 parameters. These cumulative frequency distributions are shown in Clause 6. PD CEN/TR 16978:2016CEN/TR 16978:2016 (E) 10 6 Participating networks and involvement 6.1 Participating networks The following alphabetic list gives the 12 networks that provided data to the survey: Austria BB-Infrastructure Belgium Infrabel Czech Republic SZDC Denmark Rail Net Denmark France SNCF / RFF Germany DB
