1、BSI Standards PublicationWB11885_BSI_StandardCovs_2013_AW.indd 1 15/05/2013 15:06Plastics - Biodegradable thermoplastic mulch films for use in agriculture and horticulture - Guide for the quantification of alteration of filmsPD CEN/TR 17219:2018TECHNICAL REPORT RAPPORT TECHNIQUE TECHNISCHER BERICHT
2、CEN/TR 17219 May 2018 ICS 83.140.10 English Version Plastics - Biodegradable thermoplastic mulch films for use in agriculture and horticulture - Guide for the quantification of alteration of films Plastiques - Films de paillage thermoplastiques biodgradables pour utilisation en agriculture et hortic
3、ulture - Guide pour la quantification de laltration des films Kunststoffe - Biologisch abbaubare thermoplastische Mulchfolien fr den Einsatz in Landwirtschaft und Gartenbau - Leitfaden fr die Quantifizierung der Vernderung von Folien This Technical Report was approved by CEN on 12 February 2018. It
4、has been drawn up by the Technical Committee CEN/TC 249. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia,
5、Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de
6、la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels 2018 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. CEN/TR 17219:2018 ENational forewordThis Published Document is the UK implementation of CEN/TR 17219:2018.The UK participation in its preparation was
7、entrusted to Technical Committee PRI/75, Plastics and rubber film and sheets.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correc
8、t application. The British Standards Institution 2018 Published by BSI Standards Limited 2018ISBN 978 0 539 01172 2ICS 83.140.10Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations. This Published Document was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Stra
9、tegy Committee on 30 June 2018.Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate Text affectedPUBLISHED DOCUMENTPD CEN/TR 17219:2018TECHNICAL REPORT RAPPORT TECHNIQUE TECHNISCHER BERICHT CEN/TR 17219 May 2018 ICS 83.140.10 English Version Plastics - Biodegradable thermoplastic mulch films for use i
10、n agriculture and horticulture - Guide for the quantification of alteration of films Plastiques - Films de paillage thermoplastiques biodgradables pour utilisation en agriculture et horticulture - Guide pour la quantification de laltration des films Kunststoffe - Biologisch abbaubare thermoplastisch
11、e Mulchfolien fr den Einsatz in Landwirtschaft und Gartenbau - Leitfaden fr die Quantifizierung der Vernderung von Folien This Technical Report was approved by CEN on 12 February 2018. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee CEN/TC 249. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austri
12、a, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain,
13、 Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels 2018 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwi
14、de for CEN national Members. Ref. No. CEN/TR 17219:2018 EPD CEN/TR 17219:2018CEN/TR 17219:2018 (E) 2 Contents Page European foreword 3 Introduction 4 1 Scope 5 2 Normative references 5 3 Terms and definitions . 5 4 Principle . 5 5 Sampling method 6 6 Apparatus 8 7 Sampling . 8 7.1 Sampling zone 8 7.
15、2 Number of samples . 8 7.3 Definitions of the area units for sampling . 9 8 Implementation of visual and photographic survey 11 8.1 Visual survey 11 8.2 Photographic survey 11 9 Analysis of the surveys and expression of results 12 9.1 General 12 9.2 Estimate of the prevalence of alterations 12 9.3
16、Estimate of the spread of the alteration from visual assessment . 12 9.4 Estimate of the spread of the alteration from photographic assessment 12 9.5 Results . 13 9.6 Scheme of quantification of the film alteration . 13 Bibliography 14 PD CEN/TR 17219:2018CEN/TR 17219:2018 (E) 3 European foreword Th
17、is document (CEN/TR 17219:2018) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 249 “Plastics”, the secretariat of which is held by NBN. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identif
18、ying any or all such patent rights. PD CEN/TR 17219:2018CEN/TR 17219:2018 (E) 4 Introduction Biodegradable mulch films have become a common practice in agriculture. Their characteristics in terms of environmental impact (biodegradation in soil and ecotoxicity) have been indicated in EN 17033, Biodeg
19、radable mulch films for use in agriculture and horticulture Requirements and test methods. In order to complete the characterization of these materials, this technical report gives information on a procedure for sampling and measuring the occurrence of a damage on the biodegradable mulch film when i
20、n use in the field 1. It is recommended to collect the agronomic and weather information of the mulched area. The information collected does not alter the procedure described. This document may be used to assess the surface integrity of the biodegradable thermoplastic mulch film during its service l
21、ife. PD CEN/TR 17219:2018CEN/TR 17219:2018 (E) 5 1 Scope This document gives guidance for the quantification of alteration of biodegradable thermoplastic mulch films for use in agriculture and horticulture. It can be used for biodegradable thermoplastic mulch films in conformity with EN 17033. 2 Nor
22、mative references The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any
23、amendments) applies. EN 17033, Plastics Biodegradable thermoplastic mulch films for use in agriculture and horticulture Requirements and test methods 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN 17033 and the following apply. ISO and IEC maintain t
24、erminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses: IEC Electropedia: available at http:/www.electropedia.org/ ISO Online browsing platform: available at http:/www.iso.org/obp 3.1 alteration alteration of the film in anyway either confined to a well-defined and attributed
25、to a specific cause or distributed on the whole surface of the film Note 1 to entry: Alterations not considered due to the characteristics of the material, are all those injuries caused by animals or particularly violent weather events (storms, hail, wind, etc.) or mechanical damage accidentally cau
26、sed by objects, equipment improperly used or man-made (trampling, damages done by tools, other similar). 3.2 damage alteration that affects more than 10 % of the surface of the sampled areas of a mulch film 3.3 row succession of plants placed at a uniform and defined distance 4 Principle The alterat
27、ion incurred by a biodegradable mulching film is represented by the interruption of the continuity of the surface and the consequent exposure of the underlying soil. Applying the provisions of agrarian evaluation 2, the evaluation of the alteration of a biodegradable mulching film is comparable to t
28、he valuation of the damage caused by hail, or by pathogenic foliaceous agents. Therefore, it is possible to operate by performing visual examinations and photographic surveys by using the analytical procedure described in this document. The quantification of the alteration is performed through visua
29、l examinations and photographic surveys if necessary. The number of zones to be sampled might be determined following national regulations, if any 3. PD CEN/TR 17219:2018CEN/TR 17219:2018 (E) 6 The visual examination is a tool for quick evaluations that helps determine the type of alteration (system
30、atic and widespread or localized) and, if systematic and widespread, its percentage of incidence on the surfaces analysed. The photographic survey, once defined that the alteration is systematic and widespread through the visual examination, allow confirming, in the areas of sampling the measurement
31、 of the percentage of film missing. 5 Sampling method The sampling of the area to be surveyed shall be performed in accordance with the rules of block randomization design scheme. The block randomization scheme is the most widely applied scheme in agronomical tests and consists in dividing the area
32、under observation in sub-areas. This allows to have the maximum homogeneity among the sub-areas and at the same time are differentiated as possible between them. The block randomization scheme offers the possibility to control the effects of heterogeneity of the mulching film, improving the power of
33、 the observation and allows eliminating the experimental error variability between the blocks. Concerning the arrangement and the shape of the blocks, in the case of detection of the alteration of a mulching film placed on a soil, it is assumed not to have information about the fertility gradient or
34、 the damage on the same film. For this reason it is not possible to define gradients resulting detection and randomization shall be carried out according to Clause 6. The visual examinations and the photographic surveys shall be performed on portions of film of a width not less than the width of the
35、 mulched area and for a length of 1 000 mm. The number of areas viewed to be chosen as provided in 6.2. The visual examination is performed by assigning an index number between 1 and 9 to the sampled parcels according to regulations, if any 3. The index numbers of the scale indicate: value 1 for a c
36、ompletely free soil from covering mulching film; value 9 for a soil completely covered by mulching film. Intermediate values give the incidence of alteration that varies between the maximum and minimum. The assessment of this variability is carried out by means of examples given Figure 1. If the ind
37、ex numbers 8 and 9 represent more than 80 % of the examined parcels, the alteration is considered accidental, and then it is not necessary to continue with further detections. Similarly if they are less than 20 %, the photographic survey will also run to highlight or not the presence of damage. PD C
38、EN/TR 17219:2018CEN/TR 17219:2018 (E) 7 a) Index of the evaluation scale: 9 b) Index of the evaluation scale: 8 c) Index of the evaluation scale: 7 d) Index of the evaluation scale: 6 e) Index of the evaluation scale: 4 f) Index of the evaluation scale: 1 Figure 1 Sample photographs for the evaluati
39、on in the field of the cover of the soil by biodegradable film Photographic survey refers to a photograph of mulched area with a length of 1 000 mm and a defined width by the exposed part of the biodegradable mulching film. The photographic survey it is subjected to image analysis through the use of
40、 specific software, which allows determining the percentage of the area of the missing film. The analysis of the image cannot ignore the visual examination of the spread of the alteration. PD CEN/TR 17219:2018CEN/TR 17219:2018 (E) 8 The way in which the photographic survey is performed for analysis,
41、 represents the most fundamental and critical point for the evaluation of the alteration. The choice of the sampling mode (photographic surveys), the location and the number of assessments shall be related to the purpose of the investigation and to the degree of detail to be achieved and in line wit
42、h the provisions of the regulations, if any 3. 6 Apparatus 6.1 Meter (to measure the distance along the row). 6.2 Sheet pads on which to collect the raw data relating to the estimate of the diffusion and incidence. 6.3 Digital camera. 6.4 Computer. 6.5 Software for image analysis (e.g. Image Tool).
43、6.6 Software for calculation of the formula of Mc Kinney. 7 Sampling 7.1 Sampling zone The sampling zone corresponds to the mulched area on which sampling will be performed. 7.2 Number of samples In absence of provisions in a national regulation, in correspondence of the sampling zone, consider the
44、following minimum number of samples: for sampling zones with a surface area up to 1 000 m2: 5 samples; for sampling zones with a surface area between 1 000 m2up to 5 000 m2: 10 samples; for sampling zones with a surface area between 5 000 m2up to 10 000 m2: 15 samples; for sampling zones with a surf
45、ace area more than 10 000 m2: the number of samples is a combination derived from previous ones. Suggestion for sampling and randomization for the samples to be analysed are given in 7.3. The field is analysed excluding areas not fully representative of the average field situation or not adequate fo
46、r the definition of the objectives to be achieved. NOTE Be careful not to sample too small surface areas that may not allow for an adequate definition of the objectives to be achieved by monitoring and analysis. PD CEN/TR 17219:2018CEN/TR 17219:2018 (E) 9 7.3 Definitions of the area units for sampli
47、ng Divide preferably the sampling area in the desired number of sampling units, using a grid of appropriate size; the size of the grid depends on the detail to be reached. The number of the proper and adequate samples considered in the field under investigation following are indicated in 7.2. All un
48、its shall have approximately the same extent. Avoid the cultivated edges of the area and the other areas (see Figure 2): areas at altitude different from the average altitude of the area samples; areas where it has been reported that: fertilizers or products and by-products of farming activities; ha
49、ve been accumulated (it is important to ask to the growers for agronomical details on the cultivation technique and products applied); areas where animals have been stationed; outcrop of the subsoil; areas differently treated in terms of irrigation and drainage; areas where water may stagnate. Key 1 field 5 homogeneous sampling plots 2 border area 6 mulched surfaces 3 low soil wet area 7 river 4 peripheral area 8 hill dry area Figure 2 Zones and sampling units The sampling points are chosen along a path traced o
