1、BSI Standards PublicationWB11885_BSI_StandardCovs_2013_AW.indd 1 15/05/2013 15:06Proposed limit values for contaminants in biomethane based on health assessment criteriaPD CEN/TR 17238:2018TECHNICAL REPORT RAPPORT TECHNIQUE TECHNISCHER BERICHT CEN/TR 17238 April 2018 ICS 75.160.30; 27.190 English Ve
2、rsion Proposed limit values for contaminants in biomethane based on health assessment criteria Valeurs limites proposes pour les contaminants dans le biomthane sur la base de critres dvaluation de la sant Vorgeschlagene Grenzwerte fr Verunreinigungen in Biomethan auf Grundlage von Gesundheitsgefhrdu
3、ngskriterien This Technical Report was approved by CEN on 9 April 2018. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee CEN/TC 408. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Mac
4、edonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALIS
5、ATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels 2018 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. CEN/TR 17238:2018 ENational forewordThis Published Document is the UK imple
6、mentation of CEN/TR 17238:2018. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee PTI/15, Natural Gas and Gas Analysis.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the nec
7、essary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. The British Standards Institution 2018 Published by BSI Standards Limited 2018ISBN 978 0 580 52302 1ICS 75.160.30; 27.190Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations. This Publishe
8、d Document was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 May 2018.Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate Text affectedPUBLISHED DOCUMENTPD CEN/TR 17238:2018TECHNICAL REPORT RAPPORT TECHNIQUE TECHNISCHER BERICHT CEN/TR 17238 April 2018 ICS 75.160.3
9、0; 27.190 English Version Proposed limit values for contaminants in biomethane based on health assessment criteria Valeurs limites proposes pour les contaminants dans le biomthane sur la base de critres dvaluation de la sant Vorgeschlagene Grenzwerte fr Verunreinigungen in Biomethan auf Grundlage vo
10、n Gesundheitsgefhrdungskriterien This Technical Report was approved by CEN on 9 April 2018. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee CEN/TC 408. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugo
11、slav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT
12、 EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels 2018 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. CEN/TR 17238:2018 EPD CEN/TR 17238:2018CEN/TR 17238:201
13、8 (E) 2 Contents Page European foreword . 4 Introduction 5 1 Scope 6 2 Normative references 6 3 Terms and definitions . 6 4 Symbols, units and abbreviated terms 8 4.1 Cg: maximum acceptable concentration in biomethane (mg/m3) 8 4.2 Cexp: exposure concentration 8 4.3 M: multiplier in the exposure mod
14、el 8 4.4 CAS number: Unique numerical identifier assigned by Chemical Abstracts Service 8 5 Global Approach for assessment of limit values 8 5.1 General 8 5.2 Definition of the database for gas composition and HCVs 9 5.3 Definition of the exposure model . 10 5.4 Part III: Determination of COPCs 10 6
15、 Assessment and selection of Health Criteria Values: general guidance on assessment and selection of HCVs 10 7 Application of the methodology: Biomethane injection into gas networks 11 Annex A (Informative) Example of different sources of HCVs 12 Annex B (Informative) Example of the application of t
16、he methodology . 13 B.1 General . 13 B.2 Conceptual Model . 13 B.3 Chemicals of Potential Concern (COPCs) . 14 B.4 Mathematical Exposure Model 14 B.4.1 General . 14 B.4.2 Modelling exposure concentrations domestic cooking situation 15 B.5 Selection of HCVs 18 B.6 Determination of the maximum tolerab
17、le concentration of each contaminant . 19 Annex C (Informative) Details of the exposure model . 21 C.1 Introduction . 21 C.2 Nomenclature 21 C.3 Continuous releases 22 C.4 Decay in concentration following cessation of release 22 C.5 Average concentrations . 23 C.6 Use of multipliers . 26 PD CEN/TR 1
18、7238:2018CEN/TR 17238:2018 (E) 3 C.7 Exposure model spreadsheet . 26 Bibliography . 27 PD CEN/TR 17238:2018CEN/TR 17238:2018 (E) 4 European foreword This document (CEN/TR 17238:2018) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 408 “Natural gas and biomethane for use in transport and biomethane f
19、or injection in the natural gas grid”, the secretariat of which is held by AFNOR. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This document has b
20、een prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association. PD CEN/TR 17238:2018CEN/TR 17238:2018 (E) 5 Introduction This standard was prepared by CEN/TC 408 in response to the European Commission standardization mandate M/475. The Mandate asks for t
21、he development of a set of quality specifications for biomethane to be used as a fuel for vehicle engines and to be injected in natural gas pipelines (network). However, the scope of the standard was widened according to BT decision C109/2012 that redefined the scope of CEN/TC 408: “Standardization
22、of specifications for natural gas and biomethane as vehicle fuel and of biomethane for injection in the natural gas grid, including any necessary related methods of analysis and testing. Production process, source and the origin of the source are excluded”. One of the aims of European policy in the
23、field of energy is to increase the security of energy supply in the EU as well as to contribute to reduce the emission of greenhouse gases accepted by the EU at Kyoto. In this context a special focus is given to the development and use of energy from renewable sources. Directive 2009/28/EC on the pr
24、omotion of the use of energy from renewable sources and amending and subsequently repealing Directives 2001/77/EC and 2003/30/EC stipulates clear aims regarding the percentage of renewables in EU energy consumption and states the related need to support the integration of energy from renewable sourc
25、es into the energy networks including the establishment of appropriate technical rules in line with Directive 2003/55/EC (Article 6) replaced by 2009/73/EC (Article 8) for the realization of the competitive single European Gas Market and the technical interoperability of gas networks, (network conne
26、ction, gas quality, gas odorization and gas pressure requirements). Supporting the EU policy and therefore the maximization of the production and use of biomethane and considering the absence of standards the European Commission DG ENER has included the injection of biomethane in natural gas pipelin
27、es in Mandate M/475. Biomethane in this context can be produced from biological (fermentation, digestion ) and thermochemical processes and it is essential that it is appropriate to be used as a blending component to natural gas. PD CEN/TR 17238:2018CEN/TR 17238:2018 (E) 6 1 Scope This document expl
28、ains an approach for assessment of limit values for contaminants that may be found in biomethane. Limit values are generally required as an adjunct to a biomethane specification (such as parts 1 and 2 of EN 16723, or an equivalent National specification) or as part of a Network Entry Agreement for i
29、njection of biomethane into gas networks. The methodology employed will permit derivation of limit values based solely on consideration of potential for impact on human health and does not consider other impacts, such as integrity and operation of plant and pipelines used to convey biomethane or app
30、liances involved in its combustion or other regulations like CLP regulation. Where consideration of such impacts would result in proposing lower limit values than those based on health impacts, then the lowest limit values should generally be proposed. 2 Normative references The following documents
31、are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 16723-1:2016, Natu
32、ral gas and biomethane for use in transport and biomethane for injection in the natural gas network Part 1: Specifications for biomethane for injection in the natural gas network EN 16723-2:2017, Natural gas and biomethane for use in transport and biomethane for injection in the natural gas network
33、Part 2: Automotive fuels specification 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses: IEC Electropedia: available at http:/www.electropedia.org/
34、 ISO Online browsing platform: available at http:/www.iso.org/obp 3.1 biogas gas, comprising principally methane and carbon dioxide, obtained from the anaerobic digestion of biomass 3.2 biomass biological material from living, or recently living organisms, typically this may be plants or plant-deriv
35、ed materials 3.3 biomethane gas comprising principally methane, obtained from either upgrading of biogas or methanation of bio-syngas 3.4 bio-syngas gas, comprising principally carbon monoxide and hydrogen, obtained from gasification of biomass PD CEN/TR 17238:2018CEN/TR 17238:2018 (E) 7 3.5 contami
36、nant chemical with undesired properties which may be present in biomethane at a low concentration and for which no maximum concentration is specified in EN 16723 3.6 Chemicals Of Potential Concern (COPC) chemicals that may present a risk to the environment directly or after combustion 3.7 Health Cri
37、teria Value (HCV) generic term to describe a benchmark level of exposure to a chemical derived from available toxicity data for the purposes of safeguarding human health. They are defined for instance by US EPA (US), ANSES (FR), Environment Agency (UK), RIVM (NL), ARPA (IT). The unit is mg/m33.8 lim
38、it value maximum concentration of a contaminant that is allowed in a gas quality specification 3.9 natural gas complex gaseous mixture of hydrocarbons, primarily methane, but generally includes ethane, propane and higher hydrocarbons, and some non-combustible gases such as nitrogen and carbon dioxid
39、e Note 1 to entry: Natural gas can also contain components or contaminants such as sulphur compounds and/or other chemical species. 3.10 natural gas network transmission network or local distribution system 3.11 non-threshold effect chemical chemical that may theoretically pose a risk at any level o
40、f exposure 3.12 (Health) Risk possibility that a harmful event (death, injury or loss) arising from exposure to a chemical or physical agent may occur under specific conditions 3.13 threshold effect chemical chemical which might be present in such concentrations that it might initiate a health risk
41、of concern 3.14 upgrading of biogas removal of carbon dioxide and contaminants from biogas PD CEN/TR 17238:2018CEN/TR 17238:2018 (E) 8 4 Symbols, units and abbreviated terms 4.1 Cg: maximum acceptable concentration in biomethane (mg/m3) 4.2 Cexp: exposure concentration 4.3 M: multiplier in the expos
42、ure model 4.4 CAS number: Unique numerical identifier assigned by Chemical Abstracts Service 5 Global Approach for assessment of limit values 5.1 General The approach described in this technical report is similar to that commonly employed in environmental health risk assessment, an example of which
43、can be seen at the US Dept. of Energys Risk Assessment Information System (RAIS) website 9. Conventional health risk assessments aims to assess and quantify the health risk presented by a particular activity. If the risk exceeds a maximum acceptable value, then mitigation actions are assessed and im
44、plemented. In conventional risk assessment, therefore, the output is a (quantified) level of risk associated with the process. However, in the context of specifying limit values for contaminants in biomethane the INVERSE of this risk assessment procedure is followed: an acceptable level of risk is a
45、greed and the activity (in this instance injection of biomethane into natural gas grids) is modified by implementing an appropriate gas quality specification. In this situation, the acceptable level of risk is an input to the risk assessment procedure and the output is a gas quality specification. S
46、uch a specification will contain limit values for content of those contaminants that are likely to be present. NOTE The contaminants that are likely to be present that can present a risk to the environment are commonly called “Chemicals of Potential Concern” (COPCs). Similar approaches have been pre
47、viously employed for development of gas quality specifications for biomethane: in 2008 in France (Afsset 1) and in 2012 in the UK (UK Environment Agency 7). This approach may be used whenever compounds of interest are added in the list of data. In addition, several realistic scenarios should be asse
48、ssed in order to identify the worst case that will lead to the most appropriate limit value. These scenarios depend at least on these elements: The national laws and regulations, The conceptual model designed, The national practices, Specific assumptions. The procedure for assessing limit values in
49、this Technical Report can be summarized in following scheme (Figure 1): PD CEN/TR 17238:2018CEN/TR 17238:2018 (E) 9 Figure 1 Description of the methodology to apply to each contaminant 5.2 Definition of the database for gas composition and HCVs When assessing limit values for contaminants present in biomethane, the point at which COPCs are identified will depend on the context, i.e. whether a site-specific or generic assessment is being carried out and whether a detailed chemical analysis of biogas/biomethane is available or not. Tra
