1、BSI Standards PublicationBS EN 14429:2015Characterization of waste Leaching behaviour test Influence of pH on leachingwith initial acid/base additionBS EN 14429:2015 BRITISH STANDARDNational forewordThis British Standard is the UK implementation of EN 14429:2015. It supersedes DD CEN/TS 14429:2005 w
2、hich is withdrawn.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee B/508/3, Characterization of waste.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provision
3、s of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. The British Standards Institution 2015.Published by BSI Standards Limited 2015ISBN 978 0 580 83656 5 ICS 13.030.01 Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations.This British Standard was published
4、under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 March 2015.Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate T e x t a f f e c t e dEUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 14429 March 2015 ICS 13.030.01 Supersedes CEN/TS 14429:2005English Version Characterizati
5、on of waste - Leaching behaviour test - Influence of pH on leaching with initial acid/base addition Caractrisation des dchets - Essais de comportement la lixiviation - Influence du pH sur la lixiviation avec ajout initial dacide/base Charakterisierung von Abfllen - Untersuchung des Elutionsverhalten
6、s - Einfluss des pH-Wertes auf die Elution unter vorheriger Sure/Base-Zugabe This European Standard was approved by CEN on 26 December 2014. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a nati
7、onal standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A ver
8、sion in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus,
9、Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom
10、. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2015 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 14429:2015
11、 EBS EN 14429:2015EN 14429:2015 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword 4 Introduction .5 1 Scope 7 2 Normative references 7 3 Terms and definitions .7 4 Symbols and abbreviations 8 5 Principle 9 6 Reagents .9 7 Equipment . 10 7.1 General . 10 7.2 Laboratory equipment 10 8 Sample preparation 11 8.1 Laboratory
12、sample 11 8.2 Preparation of the test sample 11 8.3 Determination of dry residue . 11 8.4 Preparation of the test portion 12 9 Procedure 12 9.1 Contact time 12 9.2 pH range 12 9.3 Leaching test . 13 9.3.1 General . 13 9.3.2 Preparation of leachant 13 9.3.3 Leaching procedure . 14 9.4 Natural pH 15 1
13、0 Eluate treatment, storage and analysis 16 11 Blank test . 16 12 Performance characteristics . 16 13 Test report . 17 Annex A (informative) Example of a data sheet 19 Annex B (informative) Operation and uses of the test Influence of pH on the leaching behaviour . 20 B.1 Clarification of the two mod
14、es of operation of the test: influence of pH on the leaching behaviour . 20 B.2 Expression of results . 22 B.3 Scope and limits of the application field of the test 22 B.3.1 Remarks on the use of pH dependence test results to assess the effects of ageing . 22 B.3.2 Examples of test result use and co
15、nsiderations on scope 23 B.4 Example: Identification of the sensitivity of leaching to pH over the environmentally relevant pH range 24 Annex C (informative) Preliminary determination of the acid/base consumption 25 C.1 General . 25 BS EN 14429:2015EN 14429:2015 (E) 3 C.2 Titration procedure to esti
16、mate the ANC and the BNC . 25 C.2.1 Reagents and laboratory devices 25 C.2.2 Test portion 25 C.2.3 Procedure . 25 C.2.4 Expression of results 27 C.3 Arbitrary division of the maximum acid/base consumption for the extreme pH values . 27 C.3.1 General . 27 C.3.2 Reagents and laboratory devices 27 C.3.
17、3 Test portion 27 C.3.4 Procedure . 27 C.3.5 Expression of results 28 Annex D (informative) Examples of acid and base neutralization capacities for waste, soil, sediment and construction materials 30 D.1 Examples of acid and base neutralization capacities . 30 D.2 Use of acid and base neutralization
18、 capacity data 32 Annex E (informative) Repeatability and reproducibility data 33 E.1 Materials used in the interlaboratory comparison study 33 E.2 Interlaboratory comparison results . 33 Bibliography 51 BS EN 14429:2015EN 14429:2015 (E) 4 Foreword This document (EN 14429:2015) has been prepared by
19、Technical Committee CEN/TC 292 “Characterization of waste”, the secretariat of which is held by NEN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by September 2015, and conflicting national standa
20、rds shall be withdrawn at the latest by September 2015. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This document supersedes CEN/T
21、S 14429:2005. This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association. The following significant technical changes have been implemented in this new edition of the text: the status of the document has been changed from a CEN/TS
22、into a European Standard; performance data has been added (see Annex E). According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denm
23、ark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. BS EN 14429:20
24、15EN 14429:2015 (E) 5 Introduction This document has been developed primarily to support the requirements for leaching behaviour testing within EU and EFTA countries. This document specifies a test method to determine the influence of pH on the leachability of inorganic constituents from waste mater
25、ials. For the complete characterization of the leaching behaviour of waste under specified conditions the application of other test methods is required (see EN 12920). Anyone dealing with waste and sludge analysis should be aware of the typical risks of that kind of material irrespective of the para
26、meter to be determined. Waste and sludge samples can contain hazardous (e.g. toxic, reactive, flammable, infectious) substances, which can be liable to biological and/or chemical reaction. Consequently these samples should be handled with special care. Gases which can be produced by microbiological
27、or chemical activity are potentially flammable and will pressurize sealed bottles. Bursting bottles are likely to result in hazardous shrapnel, dust and/or aerosol. National regulations will be followed with respect to all hazards associated with this method. In the different European countries, tes
28、ts have been developed to characterize and assess the constituents which can be leached from waste materials. The release of soluble constituents upon contact with water is regarded as one of the main mechanism of release which results in a potential risk to the environment during life-cycle of wast
29、e materials (disposal or re-use scenario). The intent of these tests is to identify the leaching properties of waste materials. The complexity of the leaching process makes simplifications necessary. Not all of the relevant aspects of leaching behaviour can be addressed in one single standard. Proce
30、dures to characterize the behaviour of waste materials can generally be divided into three steps, using different tests in relation to the objective. The following test hierarchy is taken from the Landfill Directive 1)and the Decision on Annex II of this Directive 2)for disposal of waste. a) Basic c
31、haracterization constitutes a full characterization of the waste by gathering all the necessary information for a safe management of the waste in the short and long term. Basic characterization may provide information on the waste (type and origin, composition, consistency, leachability, etc.), info
32、rmation for understanding the behaviour of waste in the considered management scenario, comparison of waste properties against limit values, and detection of key variables (critical parameters as liquid/solid (L/S) ratios, leachant composition, factors controlling leachability such as pH, redox pote
33、ntial, complexing capacity and physical parameters) for compliance testing and options for simplification of compliance testing. Characterization may deliver ratios between test results from basic characterization and results from simplified test procedures as well as information on a suitable frequ
34、ency for compliance testing. In addition to the leaching behaviour, the composition of the waste should be known or determined by testing. The tests used for basic characterization should always include those to be used for compliance testing. b) Compliance testing is used to demonstrate that the sa
35、mple of today fits the population of samples tested before by basic characterization and through that, is used to carry out compliance with regulatory limit values. The compliance test should therefore always be part of the basic characterization program. The compliance test focuses on key variables
36、 and leaching behaviour identified by basic characterization tests. Parts of basic characterization tests can also be used for compliance purposes. 1) Council Directive 1999/31/EC of 26 April 1999 on the landfill of waste. 2) Council Decision 2003/33/EC of 19 December 2002. BS EN 14429:2015EN 14429:
37、2015 (E) 6 c) On-site verification tests are used as a rapid check to confirm that the waste is the same as that which has been subjected to characterization or compliance tests. On-site verification tests are not necessarily leaching tests. The test procedure described in this document is a basic c
38、haracterization test and falls in category a). In this European Standard leaching is carried out at different pH values as a result of the reaction between pre-selected amounts of acid or base and test portions of the waste material. Size reduction is performed to facilitate approaching equilibrium.
39、 This test is different from the “pH dependence test with continuous pH control“ (pH static test, see EN 14997) in which the pH is controlled at pre-selected values over the entire testing period by continuous measurement and automatic addition of acid or base. The test is aiming at approaching equi
40、librium at the end of the procedure. NOTE In Annex B specific uses of both the pH dependence test with initial acid/ base addition and the pH dependence test with continuous pH control are indicated. BS EN 14429:2015EN 14429:2015 (E) 7 1 Scope This European Standard specifies a method for the determ
41、ination of the influence of pH on the leachability of inorganic constituents from a waste material. The equilibrium condition as defined in the standard is established by addition of pre-determined amounts of acid or base to reach desired end pH values. This test method produces eluates, which are s
42、ubsequently characterized physically and chemically. This European Standard is a parameter specific test as specified in EN 12920. The application of this test method alone is not sufficient for the determination of the detailed leaching behaviour of a waste under specified conditions. 2 Normative r
43、eferences The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applie
44、s. EN 14346:2006, Characterization of waste Calculation of dry matter by determination of dry residue or water content EN 14899, Characterization of waste Sampling of waste materials Framework for the preparation and application of a Sampling Plan EN 15002, Characterization of waste Preparation of t
45、est portions from the laboratory sample EN 16192, Characterization of waste Analysis of eluates EN ISO 3696, Water for analytical laboratory use Specification and test methods (ISO 3696) EN ISO 5667-3, Water quality Sampling Part 3: Preservation and handling of water samples (ISO 5667-3) 3 Terms and
46、 definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 dry residue wdrremaining mass fraction of a sample after a drying process at 105 C SOURCE: EN 14346:2006 3.2 eluate solution obtained by a leaching test 3.3 equilibrium condition achieved when the pH devia
47、tion during a checking period at the last 4 h of the test is below 0,3 pH unit BS EN 14429:2015EN 14429:2015 (E) 8 3.4 laboratory sample sample or subsample(s) sent to or received by the laboratory SOURCE: IUPAC, 1990 Note 1 to entry: When the laboratory sample is further prepared (reduced) by subdi
48、viding, cutting, crushing, sawing, coring, or by combinations of these operations, the result is the test sample. When no preparation of the laboratory sample is required, the laboratory sample is the test sample. A test portion is removed from the test sample for the performance of the test or for
49、analysis. The laboratory sample is the final sample from the point of view of sampling but it is the initial sample from the point of view of the laboratory. Note 2 to entry: Several laboratory samples may be prepared and sent to different laboratories or to the same laboratory for different purposes. When sent to the same laboratory, the set is generally considered as a single laboratory sample and is documented as a single sample. 3.5 leachant liquid that is brought into contact with the test portion in the leaching procedure 3.6 liquid to solid
