1、raising standards worldwideNO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBSI Standards PublicationDD CEN/TS 15639:2010Solid recovered fuels Determination of mechanicaldurability of pelletsDD CEN/TS 15639:2010 DRAFT FOR DEVELOPMENTNational forewordThis Draft for Development is
2、 the UK implementation of CEN/TS 15639:2010. It supersedes DD CEN/TS 15639:2007 which iswithdrawn.This publication is not to be regarded as a British Standard.It is being issued in the Draft for Development series of publicationsand is of a provisional nature. It should be applied on thisprovisional
3、 basis, so that information and experience of its practicalapplication can be obtained.Comments arising from the use of this Draft for Developmentare requested so that UK experience can be reported to theinternational organization responsible for its conversion toan international standard. A review
4、of this publication willbe initiated not later than 3 years after its publication by theinternational organization so that a decision can be taken on itsstatus. Notification of the start of the review period will be made inan announcement in the appropriate issue of Update Standards.According to the
5、 replies received by the end of the review period,the responsible BSI Committee will decide whether to support theconversion into an international Standard, to extend the life of theTechnical Specification or to withdraw it. Comments should be sentto the Secretary of the responsible BSI Technical Co
6、mmittee at BritishStandards House, 389 Chiswick High Road, London W4 4AL.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee PTI/17, Solid biofuels.A list of organizations represented on this committee can beobtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purpo
7、rt to include all the necessaryprovisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correctapplication. BSI 2010ISBN 978 0 580 69903 0ICS 75.160.10Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity fromlegal obligations.This Draft for Development was published under the authority ofthe Sta
8、ndards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 October 2010.Amendments issued since publicationDate Text affectedDD CEN/TS 15639:2010TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION SPCIFICATION TECHNIQUE TECHNISCHE SPEZIFIKATION CEN/TS 15639 September 2010 ICS 75.160.10 Supersedes CEN/TS 15639:2007English Version Solid recover
9、ed fuels - Determination of mechanical durability of pellets Combustibles solides de rcupration - Mthode de dtermination de la rsistance des granuls Feste Sekundrbrennstoffe - Bestimmung der mechanischen Festigkeit von Pellets This Technical Specification (CEN/TS) was approved by CEN on 12 June 2010
10、 for provisional application. The period of validity of this CEN/TS is limited initially to three years. After two years the members of CEN will be requested to submit their comments, particularly on the question whether the CEN/TS can be converted into a European Standard. CEN members are required
11、to announce the existence of this CEN/TS in the same way as for an EN and to make the CEN/TS available promptly at national level in an appropriate form. It is permissible to keep conflicting national standards in force (in parallel to the CEN/TS) until the final decision about the possible conversi
12、on of the CEN/TS into an EN is reached. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Polan
13、d, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2010 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by an
14、y means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. CEN/TS 15639:2010: EDD CEN/TS 15639:2010CEN/TS 15639:2010 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword 31 Scope 42 Normative references 43 Terms and definitions .44 Principle 55 Apparatus .56 Sampling and sample preparation .67 Procedure .78 Calculations
15、 79 Precision .710 Test report 8Bibliography 9DD CEN/TS 15639:2010CEN/TS 15639:2010 (E) 3 Foreword This document (CEN/TS 15639:2010) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 343 “Solid recovered fuels”, the secretariat of which is held by SFS. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some o
16、f the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This document supersedes CEN/TS 15639:2007. This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and
17、 the European Free Trade Association. CEN/TS 15639:2007 was not converted into a European Standard as the test method specified in this document was not validated (see 1, 2). This document differs from CEN/TS 15639:2007 mainly as follows: a) Specifications regarding the sieves to be used changed; b)
18、 whole document editorially revised. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to announce this Technical Specification: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France,
19、Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. DD CEN/TS 15639:2010CEN/TS 15639:2010 (E) 4 1 Scope This document specifies a test method fo
20、r the determination of mechanical durability of pellets. It is intended to be applied by persons and organisations that manufacture, plan, sell, erect or use machinery, equipment, tools and entire plants related to such pellets, and that are involved in producing, purchasing, selling and utilising p
21、ellets. The method specified is not applicable to soft pellets. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced documen
22、t (including any amendments) applies. prEN 15357:2008, Solid recovered fuels Terminology, definitions and descriptions prEN 15442, Solid recovered fuels Methods for sampling prEN 15443, Solid recovered fuels Methods for the preparation of the laboratory sample CEN/TS 15414-1, Solid recovered fuels D
23、etermination of moisture content using the oven dry method Part 1: Determination of total moisture by a reference method CEN/TS 15414-2, Solid recovered fuels Determination of moisture content using the oven dry method Part 2: Determination of total moisture by a simplified method ISO 3310-2, Test s
24、ieves Technical requirements and testing Part 2: Test sieves of perforated metal plate 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in prEN 15357:2008 and the following apply. 3.1 mechanical durability measure of resistance of densified fuels towards sho
25、cks and/or abrasion as a consequence of handling and transportation processes, characterized by pellets disintegration and fines formation 3.2 fines particles with a diameter less than 1 mm NOTE Fines characterize the potential of high dust emission. 3.3 soft pellet pellet with a density less than 6
26、00 kg/m3DD CEN/TS 15639:2010CEN/TS 15639:2010 (E) 5 4 Principle The test sample is subjected to controlled shocks by collision of pellets against each others and against the walls of a defined rotating test chamber. The mechanical durability is calculated from the mass of sample remaining after sepa
27、ration of abraded and fine broken particles. 5 Apparatus 5.1 Pellet tester, consisting of a dust tight enclosure, made of rigid material, e.g. a steel plate, aluminium plate or plexiglass, with smooth and flat surfaces, dimensions of 300 mm 300 mm 125 mm; capable of rotations of (50 2) min1about an
28、axis perpendicular to and centred in the 300 mm sides, with a 230 mm long baffle affixed symmetrically to a diagonal of one 300 mm 300 mm side of the pellet tester (see Figure 1 and Figure 2). One leg of this formed angle baffle shall be extended 50 mm into the pellet tester and the other leg secure
29、ly fastened to the back of the tester. A door may be placed in any side provided that is dustproof. Projections, such as rivets and screws, shall be kept to a minimum and well rounded. Figure 1 Example of pellet tester with two boxes DD CEN/TS 15639:2010CEN/TS 15639:2010 (E) 6 Dimensions in millimet
30、res Key 1 filling door 2 drive shaft 3 baffle Figure 2 Structure of the main parts of the pellet tester 5.2 Two sieves, the first one a round hole sieve with hole sizes of 2/3 of the pellets diameter, and the second a 1 mm wire mesh sieve, suitable for manual screening in accordance with ISO 3310-2.
31、 5.3 Balance, capable of weighing 2 kg and measuring the mass to the nearest 0,1 g. 6 Sampling and sample preparation The sample shall be taken and prepared in accordance with prEN 15442 and prEN 15443; if necessary, it shall be divided into test portions using the coning and quartering method. The
32、minimum size of the sample shall be 2,5 kg. The sample shall be divided into four equal portions in accordance with prEN 15443. Take one portion for the determination of the total moisture content in accordance with CEN/TS 15414-1 and CEN/TS 15414-2. Weigh two of the remaining sample portions and th
33、en separate the pellets carefully by manual sieving using the greater sieve (see 5.2). NOTE Attention should be paid to the fact that rough treatment during sample reduction and screening can influence the result. Weigh the remaining pellets and determine the initial portion of fines as mass fractio
34、n in percent. DD CEN/TS 15639:2010CEN/TS 15639:2010 (E) 7 7 Procedure A minimum of two determinations shall be carried out on the test sample. Take a test portion of (500 10) g. Place the test portion of the sieved pellets weighed to the nearest 0,1 g in the pellet tester (5.1). Tumble the sample wi
35、th 500 rotations of (50 2) min1. After this number of rotations, the sample shall be removed and passed manually through the sieves (5.2). Weigh the sample remaining on the greater sieve and, if required, the mass of fines less than 1 mm to the nearest 0,1 g. 8 Calculations Calculate the mechanical
36、durability, Dp, of pellets, expressed as percent, using Equation (1): 100EpApp=mmD (1) where mEp is the mass of pre-sieved pellets before tumbling treatment, in grams; mApis the mass of sieved pellets after the tumbling treatment, in grams. The result for each individual determination shall be calcu
37、lated to two decimal places and the mean value of the individual results shall be calculated and rounded to the nearest 0,1 %. The mean value shall be recorded in the test report. If required, calculate the mass fraction of fines, FD, expressed as percent, using Equation (2): 100EpfD=mmF (2) where m
38、fis the mass of the fraction less than 1 mm. The individual values of the mass fraction of fines, FD, shall be calculated to two decimal places and the mean value of these shall be calculated and rounded to the nearest 0,1 %. The mean value shall be recorded in the test report. 9 Precision The test
39、method specified in this Technical Specification was not validated in the frame of the QUOVADIS project (see 2). DD CEN/TS 15639:2010CEN/TS 15639:2010 (E) 8 10 Test report The test report shall include at least the following information: a) Name of the testing laboratory; b) Date of the test; c) Ref
40、erence to this document, i.e. “determined in accordance with CEN/TS 15639“; d) Identification of the product or sample tested; e) Number of duplicates tested; f) Mean and individual values of the mechanical durability of the tested product or sample as received; g) If required, the mass fraction of
41、fines of the tested product or sample as received; h) Moisture content of the tested product or sample as received; i) Any unusual features observed during the determination which may have affected the test result and details of any operations not included in this document or regarded as optional. D
42、D CEN/TS 15639:2010CEN/TS 15639:2010 (E) 9 Bibliography 1 CEN Guide 13: Validation of environmental test methods, Edition 1, October 2008 2 Quality Management, Organisation, Validation of Standards, Developments and Inquiries for SRF (QUOVADIS): Publishable result-oriented report, Deliverable D 1.9,
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