1、raising standards worldwideNO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBSI Standards PublicationCharacterisation of waste Leaching behaviour test for basic characterisation Dynamic Monolithic Leaching Test with continuous leachant renewalunder conditions relevant forspecifi
2、ed scenario(s)PD CEN/TS 15864:2012Copyright European Committee for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with CENNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-National forewordThis Published Document is the UK implementation of CEN/TS 15864:2012.The UK pa
3、rticipation in its preparation was entrusted by Technical CommitteeB/508, Waste Management, to Subcommittee B/508/3, Characterization ofwaste.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained onrequest to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessar
4、y provisions of acontract. Users are responsible for its correct application. The British Standards Institution 2012Published by BSI Standards Limited 2012ISBN 978 0 580 63803 9ICS 13.030.10Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity fromlegal obligations.This Published Document was pu
5、blished under the authority of theStandards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 July 2012.Amendments issued since publicationAmd. No. Date Text affectedPUBLISHED DOCUMENTPD CEN/TS 15864:2012Copyright European Committee for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with CENNot for ResaleNo reprod
6、uction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION SPCIFICATION TECHNIQUE TECHNISCHE SPEZIFIKATION CEN/TS 15864 July 2012 ICS 13.030.10 English Version Characterisation of waste - Leaching behaviour test for basic characterisation - Dynamic monolithic leaching test w
7、ith continuous leachant renewal under conditions relevant for specified scenario(s) Caractrisation des dchets - Essais de comportement la lixiviation pour la caractrisation de base - Essai de lixiviation dynamique des monolithes avec renouvellement continu du lixiviant dans des conditions pertinente
8、s pour des scnarios spcifis Charakterisierung von Abfllen - Untersuchung des Auslaugungsverhaltens fr die grundlegende Charakterisierung - Dynamisches Auslaugungsverfahren fr monolithische Abflle mit kontinuierlicher Erneuerung des Auslaugungsmittels unter Bedingungen fr festgelegte Szenarien This T
9、echnical Specification (CEN/TS) was approved by CEN on 20 December 2010 for provisional application. The period of validity of this CEN/TS is limited initially to three years. After two years the members of CEN will be requested to submit their comments, particularly on the question whether the CEN/
10、TS can be converted into a European Standard. CEN members are required to announce the existence of this CEN/TS in the same way as for an EN and to make the CEN/TS available promptly at national level in an appropriate form. It is permissible to keep conflicting national standards in force (in paral
11、lel to the CEN/TS) until the final decision about the possible conversion of the CEN/TS into an EN is reached. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germa
12、ny, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR
13、NORMUNG Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2012 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. CEN/TS 15864:2012: EPD CEN/TS 15864:2012Copyright European Committee for Standardization Provided by IHS under license w
14、ith CENNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-CEN/TS 15864:2012 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword 3Introduction . 41 Scope 62 Normative references 63 Terms and definitions . 74 Principle 95 Reagents . 106 Equipment 107 Sample preparation . 127.1 General 127.2 P
15、reparation of the test portion . 127.3 Determination of the geometric surface area . 128 Procedure . 128.1 Testing conditions . 128.1.1 General case (intermediate range of renewal rate) 128.1.2 Particular case “critical renewal rate“ . 148.1.3 Particular case “low renewal rate” 148.1.4 Particular ca
16、se under fixed conditions when no specific scenario is under consideration (“not scenario-related”) 148.2 Test procedure . 158.3 Contact periods collection scheme 168.4 Weight loss of the monolithic waste during the test . 168.5 Further preparation of the eluates for analysis 178.6 Blank test 179 Ca
17、lculations . 189.1 Expression of results 189.1.1 Expression of results in concentrations . 189.1.2 Expression of result in terms of surface related release 189.2 Average surface-related release rate . 1910 Documentation and test report 1911 Test performance . 21Annex A (informative) Identification o
18、f release mechanisms and use of test results . 22A.1 Introduction 22A.2 Examples of factors influencing the leaching of monolithic waste . 22A.3 Long term release prediction . 25Annex B (normative) Particular case “renewal rate without retro-action“ 27B.1 Introduction 27B.2 Determination of the crit
19、ical surface-related flow rate 27Annex C (informative) Examples of scheme of installation 29Annex D (normative) Particular case “low renewal rate” . 31D.1 Introduction 31D.2 Procedure . 31Annex E (informative) Process map for CEN/TS 15864 . 33Bibliography 35PD CEN/TS 15864:2012Copyright European Com
20、mittee for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with CENNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-CEN/TS 15864:2012 (E) 3 Foreword This document (CEN/TS 15864:2012) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 292 “Characterization of waste”, the
21、secretariat of which is held by NEN. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This document has been developed primarily to sup
22、port the requirements for leaching behaviour testing within EU and EFTA countries. This document was elaborated on the basis of: AFNOR XP X30-450:2002; AFNOR XP X30-467:2002; AFNOR XP X30-469:2007. This document specifies a dynamic leaching test for monolithic waste materials, to determine key param
23、eters to address the leaching behaviour of monolithic waste materials. For the complete characterization of the leaching behaviour of waste under specified conditions the application of other test methods is required, (see EN 12920). Anyone dealing with waste and sludge analysis should be aware of t
24、he typical risks of that kind of material irrespective of the parameter to be determined. Waste and sludge samples can contain hazardous (e.g. toxic, reactive, flammable, infectious) substances, which can be liable to biological and/or chemical reaction. Consequently these samples should be handled
25、with special care. Gases which can be produced by microbiological or chemical activity are potentially flammable and will pressurise sealed bottles. Bursting bottles are likely to result in hazardous shrapnel, dust and/or aerosol. National regulations should be followed with respect to all hazards a
26、ssociated with this method. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to announce this Technical Specification: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav R
27、epublic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. PD CEN/TS 15864:2012Copyright European Committee for S
28、tandardization Provided by IHS under license with CENNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-CEN/TS 15864:2012 (E) 4 Introduction In the different European countries, tests have been developed to characterize and assess the constituents which can be leached
29、 from waste materials. The release of soluble constituents upon contact with water is regarded as one of the main mechanism of release which results in a potential risk to the environment during life-cycle of waste materials (disposal or re-use scenario). The intent of these tests is to identify the
30、 leaching properties of waste materials. The complexity of the leaching process makes simplifications necessary. Not all of the relevant aspects of leaching behaviour can be addressed in one single standard. Procedures to characterize the behaviour of waste materials can generally be divided into th
31、ree steps, using different tests in relation to the objective. The following test hierarchy is taken from the Landfill Directive1and the Decision on Annex II of this Directive2for disposal of waste. a) Basic characterization constitutes a full characterization of the waste by gathering all the neces
32、sary information for a safe management of the waste in the short and long term. Basic characterization may provide information on the waste (type and origin, composition, consistency, leachability,etc.), information for understanding the behaviour of waste in the considered management scenario, comp
33、arison of waste properties against limit values, and detection of key variables (critical parameters as liquid/solid (L/S) ratios, leachant composition, factors controlling leachability such as pH, redox potential, complexing capacity and physical parameters) for compliance testing and options for s
34、implification of compliance testing. Characterization may deliver ratios between test results from basic characterization and results from simplified test procedures as well as information on a suitable frequency for compliance testing. In addition to the leaching behaviour, the composition of the w
35、aste should be known or determined by testing. The tests used for basic characterization shouldlways include those to be used for compliance testing. b) Compliance testing is used to demonstrate that the sample of today fits the population of samples tested before by basic characterization and throu
36、gh that, is used to carry out compliance with regulatory limit values. The compliance test should therefore always be part of the basic characterization program. The compliance test focuses on key variables and leaching behaviour identified by basic characterization tests. Parts of basic characteriz
37、ation tests can also be used for compliance purposes. c) On-site verification tests are used as a rapid check to confirm that the waste is the same as that which has been subjected to characterization or compliance tests. On-site verification tests are not necessarily leaching tests. The test proced
38、ure described in this document is a basic characterization test and falls in category a). According to EN 12920 the evaluation of the release of constituents from waste materials in a certain scenario involves the performance of various tests. This document describes one of the parametric test that
39、can be used for such purposes, especially for monolithic waste. The test procedure allows the determination of the release under dynamic conditions of constituents from a monolithic waste material, as a function of time. This release is calculated from the concentrations of the constituents measured
40、 in the solution (eluate) that is collected in a certain number of separate fractions. The composition, the temperature and the renewal rate of this solution are chosen for the test in order to study the behaviour of the waste material under fixed conditions when no specific scenario is under consid
41、eration or according to the conditions defined by the disposal or utilisation scenario under consideration. Three main ranges of renewal rates can be distinguished and addressed by this document: 1Council Directive 1999/31/EC of 26 April 1999 on the landfill of waste. 2Council Decision 2003/33/EC of
42、 19 December 2002. PD CEN/TS 15864:2012Copyright European Committee for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with CENNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-CEN/TS 15864:2012 (E) 5 high renewal rate above a so-called “critical renewal rate” for whi
43、ch the released elements do not influence the release (so-called “no retro-action situation”); “low renewal rate” which corresponds to a quasi “saturation” of the solution in the reactor in order to reach stationary conditions (i.e. close to “saturation” equilibrium); intermediate range for which th
44、e released elements influence the release, but the concentrations remain significantly below saturation. Results of this test, combined with those from other tests (e.g. CEN/TS 14429) and the use of more or less sophisticated models, allow the identification of the main leaching mechanisms that can
45、be distinguished, such as diffusion, dissolution of constituents, initial surface wash-off, dissolution of the matrix (see Annex A). These intrinsic properties can be used to predict the release of constituents at a given time frame, in order to assess the leaching behaviour of monolithic waste mate
46、rials in practical situations or scenarios as defined in EN 12920. NOTE At low L/A conditions, pore water conditions in monolithic specimens can be approached. PD CEN/TS 15864:2012Copyright European Committee for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with CENNot for ResaleNo reproduction or
47、networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-CEN/TS 15864:2012 (E) 6 1 Scope This Technical Specification is applicable for determining the leaching behaviour of monolithic wastes under dynamic conditions. The test is performed under experimental conditions relevant to assess the leaching behav
48、iour in view of the considered scenario(s). This test is aimed at determining the release as a function of time of inorganic constituents from a monolithic waste, when it is put into contact with an aqueous solution (leachant). In general, the composition, the temperature and the continuous renewal rate of the leachant are chosen such that the leaching behaviour of the waste material can be studied in view of the considered disposal or recovery scenario. When the release is to
