1、BSI Standards PublicationPD CEN/TS 15901-15:2014Road and airfield surfacecharacteristicsPart 15: Procedure for determining the skidresistance of a pavement surface usinga device with longitudinal controlled slip(LFCI): The IMAGPD CEN/TS 15901-15:2014 PUBLISHED DOCUMENTNational forewordThis Published
2、 Document is the UK implementation of CEN/TS15901-15:2014.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee B/510/5, Surface characteristics.A list of organizations represented on this committee can beobtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to
3、 include all the necessaryprovisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correctapplication. The British Standards Institution 2014. Published by BSI StandardsLimited 2014ISBN 978 0 580 84236 8ICS 93.080.20; 93.120Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity fromlegal obligatio
4、ns.This Published Document was published under the authority of theStandards Policy and Strategy Committee on 30 November 2014.Amendments issued since publicationDate Text affectedPD CEN/TS 15901-15:2014TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION SPCIFICATION TECHNIQUE TECHNISCHE SPEZIFIKATION CEN/TS 15901-15 October 2
5、014 ICS 93.080.20; 93.120 English Version Road and airfield surface characteristics - Part 15: Procedure for determining the skid resistance of a pavement surface using a device with longitudinal controlled slip (LFCI): The IMAG Caractristiques de surface des routes et aroports - Partie 15: Mode opr
6、atoire de dtermination de ladhrence dun revtement de chausse laide dun dispositif glissement longitudinal contrl (CFLI): IMAG Oberflcheneigenschaften von Straen und Flugpltzen - Teil 15: Verfahren zur Bestimmung der Griffigkeit von Fahrbahndecken durch Verwendung eines Gerts mit geregeltem Schlupf i
7、n Lngsrichtung (LFCE): Das IMAG-Gert This Technical Specification (CEN/TS) was approved by CEN on 1 March 2014 for provisional application. The period of validity of this CEN/TS is limited initially to three years. After two years the members of CEN will be requested to submit their comments, partic
8、ularly on the question whether the CEN/TS can be converted into a European Standard. CEN members are required to announce the existence of this CEN/TS in the same way as for an EN and to make the CEN/TS available promptly at national level in an appropriate form. It is permissible to keep conflictin
9、g national standards in force (in parallel to the CEN/TS) until the final decision about the possible conversion of the CEN/TS into an EN is reached. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugosl
10、av Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN D
11、E NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2014 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. CEN/TS 15901-15:2014 EPD CEN/TS 15901-15:2014CEN/TS 15901-15:2014 (E)
12、 2 Contents Page Foreword 3 1 Scope 5 2 Normative references 5 3 Recommended uses 5 4 Terms and definitions .6 5 Safety 9 6 Essential characteristics .9 6.1 Principle of measurements .9 6.2 Description of IMAG 9 7 Key characteristics . 11 7.1 General . 11 7.2 Test speed . 11 7.3 Braking system . 11
13、7.4 Static wheel load . 11 7.5 Dynamic wheel load . 11 7.6 Test wheel arrangement . 11 7.7 Test tyre . 11 7.8 Tyre and rim 12 7.9 Force-measuring transducer . 12 7.10 Pavement wetting system, water film thickness . 12 7.11 Minimum sampling interval . 12 7.12 General requirements for measuring system
14、 12 8 Test Procedure 12 8.1 Standard test conditions 12 8.2 Prior to testing 13 8.3 Testing . 13 9 Data recording . 14 10 Calibration . 14 10.1 General . 14 10.2 Calibration of the static vertical test wheel force 14 10.3 Calibration of the static braking force 14 10.4 Dynamic calibration of the tra
15、velled distance sensor 14 10.5 Calibration of the water delivery system 14 10.6 Dynamic comparison of friction devices . 15 11 Precision 15 12 Test report . 15 Bibliography . 17 PD CEN/TS 15901-15:2014CEN/TS 15901-15:2014 (E) 3 Foreword This document (CEN/TS 15901-15:2014) has been prepared by Techn
16、ical Committee CEN/TC 227 “Road materials”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights other than those identified above. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifyin
17、g any or all such patent rights. CEN/TS 15901, Road and airfield surface characteristics, is composed with the following parts: Part 1: Procedure for determining the skid resistance of a pavement surface using a device with longitudinal fixed slip ratio (LFCS): RoadSTAR; Part 2: Procedure for determ
18、ining the skid resistance of a pavement surface using a device with longitudinal controlled slip (LFCRNL): ROAR (Road Analyser and Recorder of Norsemeter); Part 3: Procedure for determining the skid resistance of a pavement surface using a device with longitudinal controlled slip (LFCA): The ADHERA;
19、 Part 4: Procedure for determining the skid resistance of pavements using a device with longitudinal controlled slip (LFCT): Tatra Runway Tester (TRT); Part 5: Procedure for determining the skid resistance of a pavement surface using a device with longitudinal controlled slip (LFCRDK): ROAR (Road An
20、alyser and Recorder of Norsemeter); Part 6: Procedure for determining the skid resistance of a pavement surface by measurement of the sideway force coefficient (SFCS): SCRIM; Part 7: Procedure for determining the skid resistance of a pavement surface using a device with longitudinal fixed slip ratio
21、 (LFCG): the GripTester; Part 8: Procedure for determining the skid resistance of a pavement surface by measurement of the sideway-force coefficient (SFCD): SKM; Part 9: Procedure for determining the skid resistance of a pavement surface by measurement of the longitudinal friction coefficient (LFCD)
22、: DWWNL skid resistance trailer; Part 10: Procedure for determining the skid resistance of a pavement surface using a device with longitudinal block measurement (LFCSK): the Skiddometer BV-8; Part 11: Procedure for determining the skid resistance of a pavement surface using a device with longitudina
23、l block measurement (LFCSR): the SRM; Part 12: Procedure for determining the skid resistance of a pavement surface using a device with longitudinal controlled slip: the BV 11 and Saab friction tester (SFT); Part 13: Procedure for determining the skid resistance of a pavement surface by measurement o
24、f a sideway force coefficient (SFCO): the Odoliograph; Part 15: Procedure for determining the skid resistance of a pavement surface using a device with longitudinal controlled slip (LFCI): The IMAG the present document. According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organi
25、zations of the following countries are bound to announce this Technical Specification: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, PD CEN/TS 15901-15:2014CEN/TS 15901-15:2014 (E) 4 Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ic
26、eland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. PD CEN/TS 15901-15:2014CEN/TS 15901-15:2014 (E) 5 1 Scope This Technical Specification describes a method only u
27、sed on airports for determining the skid resistance of pavements by measurement of the longitudinal friction coefficient LFCI. The method provides a measure of the wet skid resistance properties of a bound surface by measurement of the longitudinal friction coefficient using a trailer with a standar
28、d slip ratio of 15 %. The slip ratio can be chosen between 0 % and 100 % for research application. The test tyre is dragged over a pre-wetted pavement under vertical force and constant speed conditions while the test tyre is parallel to the direction of motion. This Technical Specification covers th
29、e operation of the IMAG device. The skid resistance of a pavement is determined by friction measurements at different speeds. Tests can be performed between 40 km/h and 120 km/h but standard test speeds are 40 km/h, 65 km/h and 95 km/h. Low speed measurements asses the microtexture while high speed
30、measurements asses the macrotexture. The skid resistance is reported as friction measurements at these speeds and by comparison with the minimum friction level. 2 Normative references The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for
31、its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO 5725-2, Accuracy (trueness and precision) of measurement methods and results Part 2: Basic method for the determination
32、 of repeatability and reproducibility of a standard measurement method ASTM E670-09, Standard Test Method for Side Force Friction on Paved Surfaces Using the Mu-Meter ASTM E2100-04, Standard Practice for Calculating the International Runway Friction Index PIARC Technical Document. Specification for
33、a standard test tyre for friction coefficient measurement of a pavement surface: Smooth test tyre (2004-03) 3 Recommended uses The IMAG is used in the following fields of application: monitoring of airport pavements (Pavement Management) according to ICAO Annex 14 Attachment A 7, approval of new sur
34、facing according to ICAO Annex 14 Attachment A 7, investigation of surface skid resistance, measurements on project-level compliance, comparative measurements among different devices, measurements on contaminated (ice or snow covered) airport pavements (not covered by this Technical Specification) a
35、ccording to ICAO Annex 14 Attachment A 6, PD CEN/TS 15901-15:2014CEN/TS 15901-15:2014 (E) 6 research measurements. 4 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 4.1 contact area overall area of the road surface instantaneously in contact with a
36、 tyre Note 1 to entry: This term describes the overall area generally covered by the tyre. Due to the effects of surface texture or any tyre tread pattern, not all of the tyre or road surface in the contact area may be in contact at any instant. 4.2 friction resistance to relative motion between two
37、 bodies in contact, the frictional force being the force which acts tangentially in the contact area 4.3 vertical force (load) force applied by the wheel assembly on the contact area Note 1 to entry: Some devices use an assumed load based on the static load. 4.4 horizontal force (drag) horizontal fo
38、rce acting tangentially on the test wheel in line with the direction of travel 4.5 slip ratio slip speed divided by the operating speed 4.6 longitudinal friction coefficient LFC ratio between horizontal force (drag) and vertical force (load) for a braked wheel in controlled conditions, which is norm
39、ally a decimal number quoted to two significant figures Note 1 to entry: LFC varies depending on the slip ratio of the device and the operational speed. 4.7 skid resistance characterisation of the friction of a road surface when measured in accordance with a standardized method 4.8 wet skid resistan
40、ce property of a trafficked surface that limits relative movement between the surface and the part of a vehicle tyre in contact with the surface, when lubricated with a film of water Note 1 to entry: Factors that contribute to skid resistance include the tyre pressure, contact area, tread pattern, a
41、nd rubber composition; the alignment, texture, surface pollution, and characteristics of the road surface; the vehicle speed; and the weather conditions. The change in skid resistance of a surface in service is affected by the volume of traffic and the composition of the traffic, as the tyres of the
42、se vehicles polish and/or wear away the surfacing material in different ways. Rubber debris especially affects wet skid resistance. PD CEN/TS 15901-15:2014CEN/TS 15901-15:2014 (E) 7 Where the surface contains aggregate with a coating of binder, e.g. bitumen, resin or Portland cement, the skid resist
43、ance will change as the coating is worn away by tyres. 4.9 fixed slip condition in which a braking system forces the test wheel to roll at a fixed reduction of its operating speed 4.10 fixed slip friction friction between a test tyre and a airfield surface when the wheel is controlled to move at a f
44、ixed proportion of its natural speed 4.11 longitudinal friction coefficient IMAG LFCI ratio between the horizontal force in the direction of the motion that can be activated between the test wheel and the wet pavement and the vertical wheel force accomplished under controlled slipping conditions Not
45、e 1 to entry: The controlled slipping condition of the test wheel is achieved by a hydraulic pump and a hydraulic servo-valve enslaved by the sensors of the IMAG. 4.12 sampling length or sampling interval distance over which responses of the sensors are sampled to determine a single measurement of t
46、he recorded variables Note 1 to entry: The sampling length depends upon the detailed operation of device and its recording system; a number of samples may be combined to determine a measurement for a subsection. Note 2 to entry: This should not be confused with horizontal resolution which is the sho
47、rtest distance over which a change in the measured parameter can be detected. 4.13 microtexture deviation of a pavement from a true planar pavement with characteristic dimensions along the pavement of less than 0,5 mm, corresponding to texture wavelengths with one-third-octave bands and up to 0,5 mm
48、 centre wavelengths Note 1 to entry: Peak to peak amplitudes normally vary in the range 0,001 mm to 0,5 mm. Note 2 to entry: Microtexture is a primary component in skid resistance at low speeds. Those devices that utilize a relatively low slip speed primarily measure the component of friction affect
49、ed by microtexture. 4.14 macrotexture deviation of a pavement from a true planar pavement with characteristic dimensions along the pavement of 0,5 mm to 50 mm, corresponding to texture wavelengths with one-third-octave bands including the range 0,63 mm to 50 mm centre wavelengths Note 1 to entry: Peak to peak amplitudes normally vary in the range 0,1 mm to 20 mm. Note 2 to entry: Macrotexture is a major factor influencing skid resistance at high speeds but it also has an effect at low speeds. 4.15 mean profile dep
