1、raising standards worldwideNO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBSI Standards PublicationPD CEN/TS 16429:2013Stationary source emissions Sampling and determinationof hydrogen chloride contentin ducts and stacks Infraredanalytical techniquePD CEN/TS 16429:2013 PUBLISH
2、ED DOCUMENTNational forewordThis Published Document is the UK implementation of CEN/TS 16429:2013.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee EH/2/1, Stationary source emission.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its sec
3、retary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessaryprovisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correctapplication. The British Standards Institution 2013. Published by BSI Standards Limited 2013 ISBN 978 0 580 78260 2 ICS 13.040.40 Compliance with a British Standard can
4、not confer immunity from legal obligations.This Published Document was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 30 April 2013.Amendments issued since publicationDate Text affectedPD CEN/TS 16429:2013TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION SPCIFICATION TECHNIQUE TECHNISCHE SPEZ
5、IFIKATION CEN/TS 16429 March 2013 ICS 13.040.40 English Version Stationary source emissions - Sampling and determination of hydrogen chloride content in ducts and stacks - Infrared analytical technique missions de sources fixes - Prlvement et dtermination du chlorure dhydrogne dans les conduits et l
6、es chemines - Technique analytique infrarouge Emissionen aus stationren Quellen - Probenahme und Bestimmung von Chlorwasserstoff in Abgaskanlen und -kaminen - Infrarotverfahren This Technical Specification (CEN/TS) was approved by CEN on 18 September 2012 for provisional application. The period of v
7、alidity of this CEN/TS is limited initially to three years. After two years the members of CEN will be requested to submit their comments, particularly on the question whether the CEN/TS can be converted into a European Standard. CEN members are required to announce the existence of this CEN/TS in t
8、he same way as for an EN and to make the CEN/TS available promptly at national level in an appropriate form. It is permissible to keep conflicting national standards in force (in parallel to the CEN/TS) until the final decision about the possible conversion of the CEN/TS into an EN is reached. CEN m
9、embers are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Por
10、tugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2013 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by
11、any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. CEN/TS 16429:2013: EPD CEN/TS 16429:2013CEN/TS 16429:2013 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword 4 1 Scope 5 2 Normative references 5 3 Terms and definitions .5 4 Principle 8 4.1 General 8 4.2 Measuring principle .8 5 Sampling system .8 5.1 Gener
12、al 8 5.2 Sampling probe 9 5.3 Filter 9 5.4 Sampling line 9 5.5 Conditioning system .9 5.6 Sample pump 10 5.7 Secondary filter . 10 5.8 Flow controller and flow meter 10 6 Analyser equipment . 10 6.1 General . 10 6.2 Pressure and temperature effects. 10 6.3 Sampling pump for the analyser . 11 6.4 Int
13、erferences due to infrared absorbing gases . 11 7 Determination of the characteristics of the method: analyser, sampling and conditioning line 11 7.1 General . 11 7.2 Relevant performance characteristics of the method and performance criteria . 11 7.3 Establishment of the uncertainty budget . 12 8 F
14、ield operation 13 8.1 Measurement plan and sampling strategy . 13 8.2 Setting of the analyser on site . 14 9 Ongoing quality control . 15 9.1 Introduction . 15 9.2 Frequency of checks 15 10 Expression of results . 16 11 Measurement report . 17 Annex A (informative) Examples of schematics of non-disp
15、ersive infrared spectrometer 18 PD CEN/TS 16429:2013CEN/TS 16429:2013 (E) 3 Annex B (informative) Example of assessment of compliance of non-dispersive infrared method for HCl with requirements on emission measurements 20 Annex C (informative) Procedure for correction of data from drift effect . 31
16、Bibliography 32 PD CEN/TS 16429:2013CEN/TS 16429:2013 (E) 4 Foreword This document (CEN/TS 16429:2013) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 264 “Air quality”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be t
17、he subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to announce this Technical Specification: Austria,
18、 Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, S
19、witzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. PD CEN/TS 16429:2013CEN/TS 16429:2013 (E) 5 1 Scope This Technical Specification specifies an automatic method for determination of the mass concentration of hydrogen chloride (HCl) in ducts and stacks emitting to atmosphere. It describes the infrared analy
20、tical technique, including the sampling and gas conditioning system. The method should fulfil the performance characteristics requirements of this Technical Specification and the expanded uncertainty is less than 20 % relative at the daily Emission Limit Value (ELV). In order to use an alternative m
21、ethod to this method, it is necessary to demonstrate equivalence according to the Technical Specification CEN/TS 14793. It is necessary that the capability to demonstrate equivalence is officially recognised by the national accreditation body or law. 2 Normative references The following documents, i
22、n whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 15259, Air quality Measurement
23、 of stationary source emissions Requirements for measurement sections and sites and for the measurement objective, plan and report EN 15267-3:2007, Air quality Certification of automated measuring systems Part 3: Performance criteria and test procedures for automated measuring systems for monitoring
24、 emissions from stationary sources EN ISO 14956:2002, Air quality Evaluation of the suitability of a measurement procedure by comparison with a required measurement uncertainty (ISO 14956:2002) 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1
25、adjustment of a measuring system set of operations carried out on a measuring system so that it provides prescribed indications corresponding to given values of a quantity to be measured SOURCE: VIM 3.11 3.2 ambient temperature temperature of the air around the measuring system 3.3 drift difference
26、between two zero (zero drift) or span readings (span drift) at the beginning and at the end of a measuring period 3.4 emission limit value ELV emission limit value according to EU Directives on the basis of 30 min, one hour or one day 3.5 influence quantity quantity that, in a direct measurement, do
27、es not affect the quantity that is actually measured, but affects the measurement result SOURCE: VIM 2.52, modified PD CEN/TS 16429:2013CEN/TS 16429:2013 (E) 6 EXAMPLES Ambient temperature; atmospheric pressure; presence of interfering gases in the flue gas matrix; pressure of the gas sample. 3.6 in
28、terference negative or positive effect upon the response of the measuring system, due to a component of the sample that is not the measurand 3.7 lack of fit systematic deviation within the range of application between the measurement result obtained by applying the calibration function to the observ
29、ed response of the measuring system measuring test gases and the corresponding accepted value of such test gases Note 1 to entry: Lack of fit may be a function of the measurement result. Note 2 to entry: The expression “lack of fit” is often replaced in everyday language by “linearity” or “deviation
30、 from linearity”. 3.8 measurand quantity intended to be measured SOURCE: VIM 2.3 3.9 measuring system complete set of measuring instruments and other equipment assembled to carry out specified measurements SOURCE: VIM 3.2, modified 3.10 performance characteristic one of the quantities (described by
31、values, tolerances, range) assigned to equipment in order to define its performance 3.11 repeatability in the laboratory closeness of the agreement between the results of successive measurements of the same measurand carried out under the same conditions of measurement Note 1 to entry: Repeatability
32、 conditions include: the same measurement procedure; the same laboratory; the same measuring system, used under the same conditions; the same location; repetition over a short period of time. PD CEN/TS 16429:2013CEN/TS 16429:2013 (E) 7 Note 2 to entry: Repeatability may be expressed quantitatively i
33、n terms of the dispersion characteristics of the results. Note 3 to entry: In this Technical Specification, the repeatability is expressed as a value with a level of confidence of 95 %. SOURCE: VIM 2.20, modified 3.12 residence time in the measuring system time period for the sampled gas to be trans
34、ported from the inlet of the probe to the inlet of the measurement cell 3.13 response time duration between the instant when an input quantity value of a measuring instrument or measuring system is subjected to an abrupt change between two specified constant quantity values and the instant when a co
35、rresponding indication settles within specified limits around its final steady value Note 1 to entry: By convention time taken for the output signal to pass from 0 % to 90 % of the final change. SOURCE: VIM 4.23, modified 3.14 sampling plane plane normal to the centreline of the duct at the sampling
36、 position SOURCE: EN 13284-1:2001, 3.8 3.15 sampling point specific position on a sampling line at which a sample is extracted SOURCE: EN 13284-1:2001, 3.10 3.16 span gas test gas used to adjust and check a specific point on the response line of the measuring system Note 1 to entry: This concentrati
37、on is often chosen around 80 % of the upper limit of the range or around the emission limit value. 3.17 uncertainty parameter associated with the result of a measurement, that characterises the dispersion of the values that could reasonably be attributed to the measurand 3.17.1 standard uncertainty
38、u uncertainty of the result of a measurement expressed as a standard deviation u 3.17.2 expanded uncertainty U quantity defining a level of confidence about the result of a measurement that may be expected to encompass a specific fraction of the distribution of values that could reasonably be attrib
39、uted to a measurand U = k . u Note 1 to entry: In this Technical Specification, the expanded uncertainty is calculated with a coverage factor of k = 2n, and with a level of confidence of 95 %. PD CEN/TS 16429:2013CEN/TS 16429:2013 (E) 8 3.17.3 combined uncertainty ucstandard uncertainty ucattached t
40、o the measurement result calculated by combination of several standard uncertainties according to GUM 3.18 uncertainty budget calculation table combining all the sources of uncertainty according to EN ISO 14956 or ENV 13005 in order to calculate the expanded uncertainty of the method at a specified
41、value 4 Principle 4.1 General This Technical Specification describes a method for the determination of the mass concentration of hydrogen chloride (HCl) in ducts and stacks emitting to atmosphere by means of an automatic analyser using the infrared absorption principle. The specific components and r
42、equirements for the sampling system and the infrared analyser are described in Clause 6. A number of performance characteristics with associated minimum performance criteria and an expanded uncertainty of the method are given. Requirements and recommendations for quality assurance and quality contro
43、l are given for measurements in the field (see Table 1 in 7.3). 4.2 Measuring principle The HCl concentration is measured with an infrared absorption method. The attenuation of infrared light passing through a sample cell is a measure of the concentration of HCl in the cell, according to the Lambert
44、-Beer law. Not only HCl but also most hetero-atomic molecules absorb infrared light, in particular water and CO2have broad bands that can interfere with the measurement of HCl. Different technical solutions have been developed to suppress cross-sensitivity, instability and drift in order to design a
45、utomatic monitoring systems with acceptable properties. For instance: Gas Filter Correlation, Tunable Diode Laser (TDL) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). Special attention is paid to infrared light absorbing gases such as water vapour, carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide, nitrogen dioxid
46、e and also hydrocarbons for some special applications. Infrared analysers are part of extractive or in-situ systems. Most of them are combined with an extractive sampling system and a gas conditioning system. A representative sample of gas is taken from the stack with a sampling probe and conveyed t
47、o the analyser through the sampling line and gas conditioning system. The values from the analyser are recorded and/or stored by means of electronic data processing. The concentration of HCl is measured in volume/volume units (if the analyser is calibrated using a volume/volume standard). The final
48、results for reporting are expressed in milligrams per cubic meter using standard conversion factors (see Clause 10). 5 Sampling system 5.1 General A representative volume (see 8.2.1) is extracted from the flue gas for a fixed period of time at a controlled flow rate. A filter removes the dust in the
49、 sampled volume before the sample is conditioned and passes to the analyser. Three different sampling and conditioning configurations can be used in order to avoid uncontrolled water vapour condensation in the measuring system. These configurations are: configuration 1: removal of water vapour through elimination using a permeation drier; configuration 2: maintaining the temperature of the sampling line up to the heated analyser; PD CEN/TS 16429:2013CEN/TS 16429:2013 (E) 9 configuration 3: for in situ measurements. Condi
