1、raising standards worldwideNO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWBSI Standards PublicationPD CEN/TS 16450:2013Ambient air Automatedmeasuring systems forthe measurement of theconcentration of particulatematter (PM10; PM2,5)Copyright European Committee for Standardizati
2、on Provided by IHS under license with CENNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-PD CEN/TS 16450:2013 PUBLISHED DOCUMENTNational forewordThis Published Document is the UK implementation ofCEN/TS 16450:2013.The UK participation in its preparation was entrust
3、ed to Technical Committee EH/2/3, Ambient atmospheres.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. The Brit
4、ish Standards Institution 2013. Published by BSI Standards Limited 2013ISBN 978 0 580 78525 2 ICS 13.040.20 Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal obligations.This Published Document was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 30
5、June 2013.Amendments issued since publicationDate T e x t a f f e c t e dCopyright European Committee for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with CENNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-PD CEN/TS 16450:2013TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION SPCIFICATION
6、TECHNIQUE TECHNISCHE SPEZIFIKATION CEN/TS 16450 May 2013 ICS 13.040.20 English Version Ambient air - Automated measuring systems for the measurement of the concentration of particulate matter (PM10; PM2,5) Air ambiant - Systmes automatiss de mesurage de la concentration de matire particulaire (PM10
7、; PM2,5) Auenluft - Automatische Messeinrichtungen zur Bestimmung der Staubkonzentration (PM10; PM2,5) This Technical Specification (CEN/TS) was approved by CEN on 6 November 2012 for provisional application. The period of validity of this CEN/TS is limited initially to three years. After two years
8、the members of CEN will be requested to submit their comments, particularly on the question whether the CEN/TS can be converted into a European Standard. CEN members are required to announce the existence of this CEN/TS in the same way as for an EN and to make the CEN/TS available promptly at nation
9、al level in an appropriate form. It is permissible to keep conflicting national standards in force (in parallel to the CEN/TS) until the final decision about the possible conversion of the CEN/TS into an EN is reached. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croa
10、tia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and U
11、nited Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2013 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. CEN/TS 16450
12、:2013: ECopyright European Committee for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with CENNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-PD CEN/TS 16450:2013CEN/TS 16450:2013 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword 3 1 Scope 4 2 Normative references 5 3 Terms and defini
13、tions .5 4 Symbols and abbreviated terms 9 5 Principle . 10 6 Sampling 11 7 Performance criteria and test procedures . 12 8 Field operation and ongoing quality control . 27 9 Data handling, validation and data reports 33 10 Expression of results . 34 11 Test reports and documentation . 35 Annex A (i
14、nformative) Examples of principles of AMS for monitoring of particulate matter . 36 Annex B (normative) Orthogonal regression algorithms . 39 Annex C (normative) Performing calibrations of the AMS . 41 Annex D (normative) Elements of type approval report . 42 Annex E (informative) Elements of suitab
15、ility evaluation report . 44 Annex F (informative) Relationship with EU Directives . 45 Bibliography . 46 Copyright European Committee for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with CENNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-PD CEN/TS 16450:2013CEN/
16、TS 16450:2013 (E) 3 Foreword This document (CEN/TS 16450:2013) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 264 “Air quality”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or
17、CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organisations of the following countries are bound to announce this Technical Specification: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Cze
18、ch Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdo
19、m. Copyright European Committee for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with CENNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-PD CEN/TS 16450:2013CEN/TS 16450:2013 (E) 4 1 Scope In order to be in compliance with EU Air Quality Directive requirements 1,
20、the reference methods given in the Directive for the measurement of mass concentrations of particulate matter are not commonly used for operation in routine monitoring networks. These networks usually apply automated continuous measurement systems (AMS), such as those based on the use of oscillating
21、 microbalances or -ray attenuation, and on in-situ optical methods. Such AMS are typically capable of producing 24-hour average measurement values over a measurement range up to 1 000 g/m3and 1-hour average measurement values up to 10 000 g/m3, if applicable, where the volume of air is the volume at
22、 ambient conditions near the inlet at the time of sampling. The 1-hour average values may be used for: direct information of the public; aggregation to produce daily or yearly average concentration values for regulatory reporting purposes. EU Air Quality Directive 2008/50/EC 1 allows the use of such
23、 systems after demonstration of equivalence with the reference method, i.e., after demonstration that these systems meet the Data Quality Objectives for continuous measurements. Guidelines for the demonstration of equivalence are given in Reference 2. This Technical Specification lays down the minim
24、um performance requirements and test procedures for the selection of appropriate AMS for particulate matter (type approval). This includes the evaluation of its equivalence with the reference method. Further, this Technical Specification describes minimum requirements for ongoing quality assurance q
25、uality control (QA/QC) of AMS deployed in the field. These requirements are necessary to ensure that uncertainties of measured concentrations are kept within the required limits during extended periods of continuous monitoring in the field, and include procedures for maintenance, calibration and con
26、trol checks. Additional procedures are described that determine whether an instruments equivalence to the reference method is maintained through possible pollution climate changes, over periods longer than five years. Lastly, this Technical Specification describes requirements and procedures for the
27、 treatment and validation of raw measurement data that are to be used for the assembly of daily or yearly average concentration values. Experiences with existing methods for data treatment and validation for similar AMS have learned that the different ways of data treatment and validation applied ma
28、y lead to significant differences in reported results for similar datasets 3. When the Technical Specification is used for other purposes than the EU Directive, the range and uncertainty requirements may not apply. This Technical Specification contains information for different groups of users. Clau
29、ses 5 and 6 and Annex A contain general information about the principles of automated continuous measurement systems for particulate matter, and relevant equipment. Clause 7 and Annexes B and C are specifically directed towards test houses and laboratories that perform type-approval testing of autom
30、ated continuous measurement systems for particulate matter. These clauses contain information about: type-approval test conditions, test procedures and test requirements; system performance requirements; evaluation of the type-approval test results; evaluation of the uncertainty of the measurement r
31、esults of the automated continuous measurement systems for particulate matter based on the type-approval test results. Copyright European Committee for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with CENNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-PD CEN/TS 1
32、6450:2013CEN/TS 16450:2013 (E) 5 Clauses 8 to 11 are directed towards monitoring networks performing the practical measurements of particulate matter in ambient air. These clauses contain information about: initial installation of the system in the monitoring network and acceptance testing; ongoing
33、quality assurance/quality control; verification of equivalence; treatment, validation and reporting of measurement results. 2 Normative references The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references
34、, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 12341, Air quality Determination of the PM10fraction of suspended particulate matter Reference method and field test procedure to demonstrate reference equiv
35、alence of measurement methods EN 15267-1, Air quality Certification of automated measuring systems Part 1: General principles EN 15267-2, Air quality Certification of automated measuring systems Part 2: Initial assessment of the AMS manufacturers quality management system and post certification surv
36、eillance for the manufacturing process 3 Terms and definitions For the purpose of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 ambient air outdoor air in the troposphere, excluding workplaces as defined by Directive 89/654/EEC 5 where provisions concerning health and safety at work
37、apply and to which members of the public do not have regular access SOURCE: Directive 2008/50/EC 1 3.2 automated measuring system AMS entirety of all measuring instruments and additional devices necessary for obtaining a measurement result 3.3 availability of the AMS fraction of the time period for
38、which valid measuring data of the ambient air concentration is available from an AMS SOURCE: EN 14211 6 Copyright European Committee for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with CENNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-PD CEN/TS 16450:2013CEN/TS
39、 16450:2013 (E) 6 3.4 calibration operation that, under specified conditions, in a first step, establishes a relation between the quantity values with measurement uncertainties provided by measurement standards and corresponding indications with associated measurement uncertainties and, in a second
40、step, uses this information to establish a relation for obtaining a measurement result from an indication Note 1 to entry: A calibration may be expressed by a statement, calibration function, calibration diagram, calibration curve, or calibration table. In some cases, it may consist of an additive o
41、r multiplicative correction of the indication with associated measurement uncertainty. Note 2 to entry: Calibration should not be confused with adjustment of a measuring system, often mistakenly called “self-calibration”, nor with verification of a calibration. SOURCE: JCGM 200:2012 (VIM) 7 3.5 comb
42、ined standard uncertainty standard uncertainty of the result of a measurement when that result is obtained from the values of a number of other quantities, equal to the positive square root of a sum of terms, the terms being the variances or covariances of these other quantities weighted according t
43、o how the measurement result varies with changes in these quantities SOURCE: ENV 13005:1999 8 3.6 coverage factor numerical factor used as a multiplier of the combined standard uncertainty in order to obtain an expanded uncertainty SOURCE: ENV 13005:1999 8 3.7 data capture percentage of the time for
44、 which the AMS has produced valid data to the time for which the aggregated value is to be calculated, excluding periods of regular calibration or normal maintenance SOURCE: Directive 2008/50/EC 1 3.8 designated body body which has been designated for a specific task (type approval tests and/or QA/Q
45、C activities in the field) by the competent authority in the Member States Note 1 to entry: It is recommended that the designated body is accredited for the specific task according to EN ISO/IEC 17025 9. 3.9 detection limit smallest concentration of a measurand that can be reliably detected by a spe
46、cific measurement process 3.10 equivalent method method other than the reference method for the measurement of a specified air pollutant meeting the data quality objectives for fixed measurements specified in the relevant Air Quality Directive 1 Note 1 to entry: Equivalence is granted for defined (r
47、egional) situations within a Member State, but may be granted for situations encompassing more than one region or Member State. Copyright European Committee for Standardization Provided by IHS under license with CENNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-PD
48、 CEN/TS 16450:2013CEN/TS 16450:2013 (E) 7 3.11 expanded uncertainty quantity defining an interval about the result of a measurement that may be expected to encompass a large fraction of the distribution of values that could reasonably be attributed to the measurand Note 1 to entry: The fraction may be viewed as the coverage probability or level of confidence of the interval. Note 2 to entry: To associate a specific level of confidence with the interval defined by the expanded uncertainty requires explicit or implicit assumptions regarding the probability distribut
