1、BSI Standards PublicationMechanical products Methodology for reduction of environmental impacts in product design and developmentPD CEN/TS 16524:2013National forewordThis Published Document is the UK implementation of CEN/TS 16524:2013.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted by Technic
2、alCommittee TDW/4, Technical Product Realization, to SubcommitteeTDW/4/7, Technical Product Realization - BS 8887 Design for MADE.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained onrequest to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions
3、 ofa contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. The British Standards Institution 2013.Published by BSI Standards Limited 2013ISBN 978 0 580 81354 2ICS 13.020.30Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity fromlegal obligations.This Published Document was published und
4、er the authority of theStandards Policy and Strategy Committee on 30 September 2013.Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate Text affectedPUBLISHED DOCUMENTPD CEN/TS 16524:2013TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION SPCIFICATION TECHNIQUE TECHNISCHE SPEZIFIKATION CEN/TS 16524 September 2013 ICS 13.020.30
5、English Version Mechanical products - Methodology for reduction of environmental impacts in product design and development Produits mcaniques - Mthodologie de rduction des impacts environnementaux la conception et au dveloppement des produits Mechanische Produkte - Methodik zur Verminderung der Umwe
6、ltauswirkungen bei Produktgestaltung und Entwicklung This Technical Specification (CEN/TS) was approved by CEN on 8 June 2013 for provisional application. The period of validity of this CEN/TS is limited initially to three years. After two years the members of CEN will be requested to submit their c
7、omments, particularly on the question whether the CEN/TS can be converted into a European Standard. CEN members are required to announce the existence of this CEN/TS in the same way as for an EN and to make the CEN/TS available promptly at national level in an appropriate form. It is permissible to
8、keep conflicting national standards in force (in parallel to the CEN/TS) until the final decision about the possible conversion of the CEN/TS into an EN is reached. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland
9、, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
10、COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2013 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. CEN/TS 16524:2013: EPD CEN/TS 16524:2013CEN/TS 16524:2
11、013 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword . 3 Introduction 4 1 Scope 6 2 Terms and definitions 6 3 Abbreviated terms 8 4 Requirements . 9 4.1 Application of the methodology 9 4.2 Description of the methodology 9 4.2.1 General . 9 4.2.2 Step 1: determination of the scoring of the environmental aspects of the
12、reference product . 12 4.2.3 Step 2: selection/ranking of design options . 16 4.2.4 Step 3: choice of suitable DO and EA indicators related to the reference product 17 4.2.5 Step 4: evaluation of the redesign using DO and EA indicators 18 4.2.6 Step 5: final assessment and consideration for future a
13、ctivities . 19 5 Environmental claim 20 Annex A (normative) Environmental Questionnaire 21 Annex B (normative) Analysis algorithm . 28 Annex C (informative) Examples of design options for environmental improvement of the product, and associated DO indicators and EA indicators . 33 Annex D (informati
14、ve) Example of implementation of the methodology 39 D.1 General . 39 D.2 Step 1 39 D.2.1 Description of the reference product and the project perimeter 39 D.2.2 Bill of Materials. 39 D.2.3 Environmental questionnaire 42 D.2.4 Analysis algorithm . 48 D.3 Steps 2 and 3 54 Annex E (informative) Backgro
15、und of the algorithm . 57 E.1 Construction of the algorithm . 57 E.1.1 Overview . 57 E.1.2 Rules for environmental analysis 57 E.1.3 Consideration of legislation. 66 E.2 Validation of the algorithm 66 Bibliography 67 PD CEN/TS 16524:2013CEN/TS 16524:2013 (E) 3 Foreword This document (CEN/TS 16524:20
16、13) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 406 “Project Committee - Mechanical products - Ecodesign methodology”, the secretariat of which is held by AFNOR. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENEL
17、EC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organisations of the following countries are bound to announce this Technical Specification: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Re
18、public, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. PD
19、 CEN/TS 16524:2013CEN/TS 16524:2013 (E) 4 Introduction Eco-design methodologies can be divided into three types, depending on whether their purpose is the environmental assessment of products, the environmental improvement of products or to enable the two phases to be carried out during the same eco
20、-design project. The environmental assessment phase of products in the eco-design process can be an impediment for enterprises (owing to need for expertise, time and resources). Therefore, the methodology discussed in this document has been developed with the aim of helping designers to identify way
21、s of improving the environmental performance of a product without carrying out a complete environmental assessment of the product (in terms of LCA). The approach therefore consists of restricting the scope of analysis to the area defined by the constraints of the product-enterprise pair, which takes
22、 into account the technical factors of the product, economic constraints, the practices of an enterprise and its development strategies. Secondly, it consists of exploring the potential for environmental improvement within this restricted field. This Technical Specification is intended to give enter
23、prises, in particular SMEs, a pragmatic methodology to consider environmental aspects during their product design. It allows them to: identify the environmental aspects of a product, including but not limited to energy aspects; be able to make progress in product design (for environmental impact red
24、uction), taking into account capabilities of the enterprise; promote to clients and public authorities the environmental improvement approach on a mechanical product with this methodology (environmental claim). The improvement of the environmental impact implies that the intended performance of the
25、product (fitness for use, durability, etc.) is maintained. To implement this methodology, it is necessary that the enterprise staff have knowledge and expertise in environmental issues; if not, external expertise should be available. When applying this methodology, management of the enterprise may e
26、nter a learning process with the aim of defining and/or confirming its strategy for eco-design, modifying its design process to enable the environmental issue to be taken into account, and creating new knowledge. The aim of this Technical Specification is not to measure the actual environmental perf
27、ormance of a product, nor to conduct a full life cycle assessment according to ISO 14040. Figure 1 shows the relationship between this document and existing documents from ISO. PD CEN/TS 16524:2013CEN/TS 16524:2013 (E) 5 NOTE More specific methodologies might exist for specific mechanical products.
28、Figure 1 - Relationship between this document and existing documents from ISO This Technical Specification can assist the enterprise to comply with the requirement of EN ISO 14001 and the recommendations of EN ISO 14006, to establish, implement and maintain a procedure to identify the environmental
29、aspects of its products. This Technical Specification is not intended to support any specific product implementing measures of Directive 2009/125/EC (Energy related Products). It may provide methodologies for identifying the more relevant environmental aspects in order to propose alternative design
30、options to improve the environmental performance of the product. This document is not intended for calculation of environmental footprint. PD CEN/TS 16524:2013CEN/TS 16524:2013 (E) 6 1 Scope This Technical Specification describes a methodology for reducing the overall environmental impact through pr
31、oduct design and development that is tailored to mechanical products as defined in 2.1. This methodology is particularly well suited to the redesign of an existing product; it can also be applied for the design of a new product provided the necessary assumptions regarding a (virtual) reference produ
32、ct are taken. It addresses enterprises which have decided to integrate an eco-design approach to optimise environmental impacts within the product life cycle, in relation to the other product aspects, such as functionality, quality, costs, etc. NOTE 1 This document targets persons who are directly i
33、nvolved in the design and development of mechanical products, as well as managers responsible for defining corporate policies, and decision-makers. The proposed methodology is intended to kick-start eco-design initiatives within companies as part of a teaching and continuous improvement approach. Th
34、is document also includes a template that enterprises may use as part of the communication on their environmental approach. This document is neither intended nor suitable to compare products (even similar) of other suppliers. This document is neither intended nor suitable for certification purposes.
35、 NOTE 2 An example of implementation of the methodology is given in Annex D; the basic principles for the establishment of this method are given in Annex E. 2 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 2.1 mechanical product product manufactur
36、ed by enterprises from mechanical engineering and metalworking industry, such as capital goods (machinery, production systems, components), tools, household goods, optical parts, measuring instruments 2.2 reference product existing product of the company to be re-designed, with the same intended use
37、 Note 1 to entry: It can be also a similar product existing on the market, or the Technical Specification of a product. 2.3 environmental aspect EA element of an organisations activities, products or services that can interact with the environment Note 1 to entry: For this document, environmental as
38、pects are categorised into Raw Materials acquisition, Manufacturing, Use, Product End-of-life, Hazardous substances, Transport and distribution, Packaging. SOURCE: ISO 14001:2004, 3.6, modified Note 1 to entry has been adapted 2.4 (environmental) design option DO measure intended to improve a specif
39、ic environmental aspect within the product life cycle, in relation to the other product aspects, such as functionality, quality, costs, etc PD CEN/TS 16524:2013CEN/TS 16524:2013 (E) 7 2.5 scoring of environmental aspects SEA representation of the relative importance of the products environmental asp
40、ects over its life cycle Note 1 to entry: This SEA does not express the environmental performance of the product. 2.6 design option indicator DO indicator qualitative or quantitative indicator representative of a given design option, used to track this option during the design phase 2.7 environmenta
41、l aspect indicator EA indicator qualitative or quantitative indicator associated with a particular environmental aspect, as representative as possible of this environmental aspect, used to keep a multi-criteria view of the environmental performance of the product during its development Note 1 to ent
42、ry: “Multi criteria view” means the consideration of all environmental aspects, to avoid a shift of impact (e.g. change of material can result in lower recyclability rate). 2.8 recoverability ability of component parts, materials or both that can be diverted from an end-of-life stream to be recovere
43、d (see Figure 2) SOURCE: ISO 22628:2002, 3.9 2.9 recyclability ability of component parts, materials or both that can be diverted from an end-of-life stream to be recycled (see Figure 2) SOURCE: ISO 22628:2002, 3.7 2.10 material recyclability coefficient r percentage by mass (mass fraction in percen
44、t) of a material potentially able to be recycled SOURCE: ISO 22628: 2002, 3.8, modified vehicle has been replaced by material 2.11 reusability ability of component parts that can be diverted from an end-of-life stream to be reused (see Figure 2) SOURCE: ISO 22628:2002, 3.6 PD CEN/TS 16524:2013CEN/TS
45、 16524:2013 (E) 8 Figure 2 Overview of key terms 2.12 ecodesign integration of environmental aspects into product design with the aim of improving the environmental performance of the product throughout its whole life cycle SOURCE: Directive 2009/125/EC 3 Abbreviated terms The abbreviated terms nece
46、ssary for the understanding of this Technical Specification are the following: BOM Bill Of Materials DO Design Option EA Environmental Aspect ErP Energy related Products (European Directive) ELV End-of-Life Vehicles (European Directive) M Manufacturing aspect Pkg Packaging aspect PEL Product End-of-
47、Life aspect RM Raw Material aspect S Hazardous Substances aspect SEA Scoring of Environmental Aspect T Transport and distribution aspect U Use aspect RoHS Restriction on Hazardous Substances (European Directive) WEEE Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (European Directive) PD CEN/TS 16524:2013
48、CEN/TS 16524:2013 (E) 9 4 Requirements 4.1 Application of the methodology The methodology described in this document shall be applied by a multidisciplinary project team with recognised environmental competencies, supported by management, and involving all corporate functions likely to be impacted (
49、e.g. R “method” is used for specific tasks, such as indicator calculation. PD CEN/TS 16524:2013CEN/TS 16524:2013 (E) 10 Figure 3 Interrelation of the methodology with the design and development process PD CEN/TS 16524:2013CEN/TS 16524:2013 (E) 11 Figure 4 Schematic illustration of the methodology PD CEN/TS 16524:2013CEN/TS 16524:2013 (E) 12 4.2.2 Step 1: determination of the scoring of the environmental aspects of the reference product 4.2.2.1 Objective This step shall make it possible to determine the scoring of the environmental aspect
