1、BSI Standards PublicationPD CEN/TS 16660:2015Characterization of waste Leaching behaviour test Determination of the reducingcharacter and the reducingcapacityPD CEN/TS 16660:2015 PUBLISHED DOCUMENTNational forewordThis Published Document is the UK implementation of CEN/TS16660:2015.The UK participat
2、ion in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee B/508/3, Characterization of waste.A list of organizations represented on this committee can beobtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessaryprovisions of a contract. Users are responsible
3、 for its correctapplication. The British Standards Institution 2015. Published by BSI StandardsLimited 2015ISBN 978 0 580 83659 6ICS 13.030.01Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity fromlegal obligations.This Published Document was published under the authority of theStandards Poli
4、cy and Strategy Committee on 31 May 2015.Amendments issued since publicationDate Text affectedPD CEN/TS 16660:2015TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION SPCIFICATION TECHNIQUE TECHNISCHE SPEZIFIKATION CEN/TS 16660 May 2015 ICS 13.030.01 English Version Characterization of waste - Leaching behaviour test - Determin
5、ation of the reducing character and the reducing capacity Caractrisation des dchets - Essais de comportement la lixiviation - Dtermination des proprits rductrices et de la capacit de rduction Charakterisierung von Abfllen - Untersuchung des Elutionsverhaltens - Bestimmung der Reduktionseigenschaft u
6、nd der Reduktionsfhigkeit This Technical Specification (CEN/TS) was approved by CEN on 21 March 2015 for provisional application. The period of validity of this CEN/TS is limited initially to three years. After two years the members of CEN will be requested to submit their comments, particularly on
7、the question whether the CEN/TS can be converted into a European Standard. CEN members are required to announce the existence of this CEN/TS in the same way as for an EN and to make the CEN/TS available promptly at national level in an appropriate form. It is permissible to keep conflicting national
8、 standards in force (in parallel to the CEN/TS) until the final decision about the possible conversion of the CEN/TS into an EN is reached. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republi
9、c of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALIS
10、ATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2015 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. CEN/TS 16660:2015 EPD CEN/TS 16660:2015CEN/TS 16660:2015 (E) 2 Contents Page Fo
11、reword 3 Introduction .4 1 Scope 6 2 Normative references 6 3 Terms and definitions .6 4 Principle 7 5 Preparation of the test portion .8 6 Reagents .9 7 Equipment 9 8 Procedure 10 8.1 General . 10 8.2 Determination of the reducing character . 10 8.3 Determination of the reducing capacity of the sol
12、id material 11 8.3.1 Calibration procedure 11 8.3.2 Determination of the reducing capacity of the solid material 11 8.4 Determination of the reducing capacity of the eluates . 12 8.4.1 Calibration procedure 12 8.4.2 Determination of the reducing capacity of the eluates . 12 9 Calculations . 13 9.1 D
13、etermination of the reducing character . 13 9.2 Calculation of the reducing capacity of the solid material . 13 9.3 Calculation of the reducing capacity of the eluates 14 10 Test report . 15 Annex A (informative) Validation of the provisions of the reducing capacity . 16 A.1 General . 16 A.2 Validat
14、ion results 9.1 Determination of the reducing character 16 A.3 Validation results 9.2 Calculation of the reducing capacity of the solid material 17 A.4 Validation results 9.3 Calculation of the reducing capacity of the eluates . 18 Annex B (informative) Explanatory note 19 B.1 Cause of reducing mate
15、rial behaviour . 19 B.2 Set-up of the tests to determine the reducing capacity 19 B.3 Limitations of the cerimetric determination method . 20 B.4 Materials with reducing properties . 20 Annex C (informative) Sampling, storage and pretreatment . 22 Bibliography . 23 PD CEN/TS 16660:2015CEN/TS 16660:2
16、015 (E) 3 Foreword This document (CEN/TS 16660:2015) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 292 “Characterization of waste”, the secretariat of which is held by NEN. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and
17、/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This document has been developed primarily to support the requirements for leaching behaviour testing within EU and EFTA countries. This document was elaborated on the basis of NEN 7348:2006. To determine the va
18、rious aspects of the leaching behaviour (the leaching characteristics) of solid earthy and stony building and waste materials a series of steps should be followed, in particular sampling, sample pretreatment, characterization tests, digestion and chemical analysis of the solid substance or the eluat
19、es. An umbrella standard (EN 16457) is developed that gives general instructions. In here the relationship is given between all the standards in each step, each with a specific scope. To determine the leaching characteristics, the general instructions or the specific standards to which reference is
20、made shall be followed with good consistency. This Technical Specification describes a test that can be used to determine whether or not the material to be tested possesses reducing properties. If this is the case, a next test is used to quantify the reducing capacity of this material or its eluates
21、. Based on the results of this Technical Specification, it can be established whether leaching under practical conditions can differ (considerably) from leaching under standard aerobic laboratory conditions and whether there is justification for testing leaching under low-oxygen conditions (see Anne
22、x A, 16). The standards that characterize the various aspects of the leaching behaviour are produced and published in phases. This means that upon the publication of this Technical Specification, reference is not yet made in all relevant standards. For the missing aspects, users of this Technical Sp
23、ecification will have to make their own choice of the methods to be used. Annex A gives information on the validation and materials used. Annex B gives a further explanatory note on the reducing capacity. In addition to specifications provided in EN 15002, Annex C gives further guidance on sampling,
24、 sample pretreatment and sample storage. For more information, the standards and other publications included in the bibliography that have been published in this respect can be used. The numbered clauses are normative with the exception of the passages marked with the heading NOTE; the annexes are i
25、nformative. According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to announce this Technical Specification: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Maced
26、onia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. PD CEN/TS 16660:2015CEN/TS 16660:2015 (E) 4 Introduction This document
27、 specifies a set of three tests to assess if a material has reducing properties and subsequently to determine the reducing capacity of that material and the reducing capacity of an eluate produced at low liquid to solid ratio. For a proper performance special attention is given to minimize contact w
28、ith the atmosphere before and during testing. For the complete characterization of the leaching behaviour of waste under specified conditions the application of other test methods is required (see EN 12920). Anyone dealing with waste and sludge analysis should be aware of the typical risks of that k
29、ind of material irrespective of the parameter to be determined. Waste and sludge samples can contain hazardous (e.g. toxic, reactive, flammable, infectious) substances, which can be liable to biological and/or chemical reaction. Consequently these samples should be handled with special care. Gases w
30、hich can be produced by microbiological or chemical activity are potentially flammable and will pressurize sealed bottles. Bursting bottles are likely to result in hazardous shrapnel, dust and/or aerosol. National regulations should be followed with respect to all hazards associated with this method
31、. In the different European countries, tests have been developed to characterize and assess the constituents which can be leached from waste materials. The release of soluble constituents upon contact with water is regarded as one of the main mechanism of release which results in a potential risk to
32、 the environment during life-cycle of waste materials (disposal or re-use scenario). The intent of these tests is to identify the leaching properties of waste materials. The complexity of the leaching process makes simplifications necessary. Not all of the relevant aspects of leaching behaviour can
33、be addressed in one single standard. This Technical Specification addresses reducing properties of materials and the consequences to the test or test conditions to be applied in performing leaching tests. Procedures to characterize the behaviour of waste materials can generally be divided into three
34、 steps, using different tests in relation to the objective. The following test hierarchy is taken from the Landfill Directive1)and the Decision on Annex II of this Directive2)for disposal of waste. a) Basic characterization constitutes a full characterization of the waste by gathering all the necess
35、ary information for a safe management of the waste in the short and long term. Basic characterization may provide information on the waste (type and origin, composition, consistency, leachability, etc.), information for understanding the behaviour of waste in the considered management scenario, comp
36、arison of waste properties against limit values, and detection of key variables (critical parameters as liquid/solid (L/S) ratios, leachant composition, factors controlling leachability such as pH, redox potential, complexing capacity and physical parameters) for compliance testing and options for s
37、implification of compliance testing. Characterization may deliver ratios between test results from basic characterization and results from simplified test procedures as well as information on a suitable frequency for compliance testing. In addition to the leaching behaviour, the composition of the w
38、aste should be known or determined by testing. The tests used for basic characterization should always include those to be used for compliance testing. b) Compliance testing is used to demonstrate that the sample of today fits the population of samples tested before by basic characterization and thr
39、ough that, is used to carry out compliance with regulatory limit values. The compliance test should therefore always be part of the basic characterization program. The compliance test focuses on key variables and leaching behaviour identified by basic characterization tests. Parts of basic character
40、ization tests can also be used for compliance purposes. 1) Council Directive 1999/31/EC of 26 April 1999 on the landfill of waste. 2) Council Decision 2003/33/EC of 19 December 2002. PD CEN/TS 16660:2015CEN/TS 16660:2015 (E) 5 c) On-site verification tests are used as a rapid check to confirm that t
41、he waste is the same as that which has been subjected to characterization or compliance tests. On-site verification tests are not necessarily leaching tests. The test procedure described in this document is a basic characterization test and falls in category a). PD CEN/TS 16660:2015CEN/TS 16660:2015
42、 (E) 6 1 Scope This Technical Specification specifies three laboratory tests to determine the reducing character and the reducing capacity of construction products, waste materials and the eluate resulting from exposure of these solids to a leachant. Reducing species released from the product are ti
43、trated to quantify the reducing capacity. For a specification of the materials with which experience has been acquired with the execution of the tests according to this Technical Specification see Annex A and 16. NOTE Materials with reducing properties can in practice under both oxidizing and anoxic
44、 (isolated) conditions show completely different leaching behaviour than obtained with the leaching tests specified in EN 16457. This may seriously hamper the interpretation of the leaching tests, if this condition is not taken into consideration. 2 Normative references The following documents, in w
45、hole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 14346, Characterization of waste
46、- Calculation of dry matter by determination of dry residue or water content EN 15002, Characterization of waste - Preparation of test portions from the laboratory sample EN ISO 10523, Water quality - Determination of pH (ISO 10523) 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the foll
47、owing terms and definitions apply. Additional terms and definitions are given in EN 13965-2. 3.1 eluate solution obtained by a leaching test 3.2 laboratory sample sample or sub-sample(s) sent to or received by the laboratory SOURCE: IUPAC, 1990 Note 1 to entry: When the laboratory sample is further
48、prepared (reduced) by subdividing, cutting, sawing, coring, or by combinations of these operations, the result is the test sample. When no preparation of the laboratory sample is required, the laboratory sample is the test sample. A test portion is removed from the test sample for the performance of
49、 the test or for analysis. The laboratory sample is the final sample from the point of view of sampling but it is the initial sample from the point of view of the laboratory. Note 2 to entry: Several laboratory samples may be prepared and sent to different laboratories or to the same laboratory for different purposes. When sent to the same laboratory, the set is generally considered as a single laboratory sample and is documented as a single sample. PD CEN/TS 16660:2015CEN/TS 16660:2015 (E) 7 3.3 leaching test test during which a material is put into conta
