1、Earthworks ContinuousCompaction Control (CCC)PD CEN/TS 17006:2016BSI Standards PublicationWB11885_BSI_StandardCovs_2013_AW.indd 1 15/05/2013 15:06National forewordThis Published Document is the UK implementation of CEN/TS 17006:2016.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalC
2、ommittee B/526, Geotechnics.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained onrequest to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions ofa contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. The British Standards Institution 20
3、17.Published by BSI Standards Limited 2017ISBN 978 0 580 87518 2ICS 93.020Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity fromlegal obligations.This Published Document was published under the authority of theStandards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 January 2017.Amendments/corrigenda i
4、ssued since publicationDate Text affectedPUBLISHED DOCUMENTPD CEN/TS 17006:2016TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION SPCIFICATION TECHNIQUE TECHNISCHE SPEZIFIKATION CEN/TS 17006 December 2016 ICS 93.020 English Version Earthworks - Continuous Compaction Control (CCC) Terrassements - Contrle du Compactage en Conti
5、nu (CCC) Erdarbeiten - Kontinuierliche Verdichtungskontrolle This Technical Specification (CEN/TS) was approved by CEN on 5 October 2016 for provisional application. The period of validity of this CEN/TS is limited initially to three years. After two years the members of CEN will be requested to sub
6、mit their comments, particularly on the question whether the CEN/TS can be converted into a European Standard. CEN members are required to announce the existence of this CEN/TS in the same way as for an EN and to make the CEN/TS available promptly at national level in an appropriate form. It is perm
7、issible to keep conflicting national standards in force (in parallel to the CEN/TS) until the final decision about the possible conversion of the CEN/TS into an EN is reached. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Eston
8、ia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey andUnited Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDA
9、RDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2016 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. CEN/TS 17006:2016 EPD CEN/TS 17006:2016CEN/T
10、S 17006:2016 (E) 2 Contents Page European foreword . 4 1 Scope 5 2 Terms and definitions . 5 3 Fundamentals and principles of CCC measurements . 7 4 Influences on the CCC measuring value 8 4.1 General 8 4.2 Roller . 8 4.2.1 General 8 4.2.2 Static linear load of roller drum 8 4.2.3 Vibration amplitud
11、e . 8 4.2.4 Vibration frequency . 8 4.2.5 Operating speed . 8 4.2.6 Direction of roller . 9 4.3 Measuring depth 9 4.4 Soils, granular materials and rockfill materials 9 4.4.1 Type of material and water content . 9 4.4.2 Evenness and inhomogeneities on the layer surface 10 4.4.3 Resting time of the c
12、ompacted layer . 10 5 Preconditions and requirements . 10 5.1 Soils, granular materials and rockfill materials . 10 5.1.1 Soil type . 10 5.1.2 Requirements for the layer surface . 10 5.2 Requirements for CCC rollers 10 5.3 CCC Measuring and documentation system 11 5.3.1 Structure of the measuring an
13、d documentation system 11 5.3.2 Requirements for the CCC measuring and documentation system 11 5.4 Reproducibility . 12 5.5 Personnel requirements 12 6 CCC applications . 12 7 CCC with calibration for indirect continuous density and stiffness control and QC and QA purpose 12 7.1 General . 12 7.2 CCC
14、 quality control and acceptance testing with calibration . 13 7.2.1 Procedure 13 7.2.2 Control areas / inspection areas 13 7.2.3 Alternative decision rules . 14 7.3 Selection of the calibration test area 14 7.4 Calibration procedure 14 7.5 Development of correlations . 15 7.5.1 General principles 15
15、 7.5.2 Quality and validity of correlation . 15 7.5.3 Examples of correlations . 16 8 CCC weak area analysis and documentation for QC and QA purpose 16 8.1 General . 16 8.2 CCC quality control and acceptance testing for weak area analysis 16 PD CEN/TS 17006:2016CEN/TS 17006:2016 (E) 3 9 CCC document
16、ation of maximum compaction achievable for QC and QA purpose 17 9.1 General . 17 9.2 CCC quality control and acceptance testing for documentation of maximum compaction for QA purpose 17 10 CCC - documentation of compaction method 17 10.1 General . 17 10.2 CCC quality control and acceptance testing f
17、or method specification . 18 11 CCC test report . 18 Annex A (informative) Analysis of the vibration behaviour 19 A.1 Principle of compaction energy . 19 A.2 Principle of harmonic wave 20 A.3 Measuring the dynamic stiffness . 21 Annex B (informative) Statistical evaluation of CCC values based on dec
18、ision rules for CCC application with calibration . 22 B.1 Decision rules Analysis of the unweighted fall-below areas if normally distributed measuring values exist . 22 B.2 Evaluation of the unweighted fall-below areas in case of arbitrary distribution of the measuring values or the total fall-below
19、 area ratio . 24 B.3 Evaluation of the weighted fall-below areas in case of arbitrary distribution of the measuring values or the total fall-below area ratio . 24 PD CEN/TS 17006:2016CEN/TS 17006:2016 (E) 4 European foreword This document (CEN/TS 17006:2016) has been prepared by Technical Committee
20、CEN/TC 396 “Earthworks”, the secretariat of which is held by AFNOR. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights This Technical Specification was p
21、repared with the aim of having a 3-year lifetime. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organisations of the following countries are bound to announce this Technical Specification: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finl
22、and, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. PD CEN/TS 17006:2016CEN/TS 17006
23、:2016 (E) 5 1 Scope This technical specification provides guidance, specifications and requirements on the use of Continuous Compaction Control (CCC) as a quality control method in earthworks by means of roller integrated dynamic measuring and documentation systems. The CCC method is suitable for so
24、ils, granular materials and rockfill materials which can be compacted using vibratory rollers. NOTE A continuous Compaction Control (CCC) technology based on the measure of propel energy necessary to overcome the rolling resistance is also available and can be used as a quality control method in ear
25、thworks. The propelling power of the compactor provides an indication of the material stiffness and it is measured as a function of the machine ground speed, slope angle and rolling resistance. This method is not included in this document. 2 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, t
26、he following terms and definitions apply. 2.1 vibratory roller vibratory roller is a roller which generates: a) vertical vibrations (circular exciters) with fixed amplitudes; or b) horizontal vibrations (oscillation rollers) with fixed amplitudes; or c) vibrations with a direction, amplitude and/or
27、frequency that can be automatically or manually adjusted during operations Note 1 to entry: Vibratory rollers operating with automatic amplitude and/or frequency mode are called intelligent rollers. 2.2 measuring roller vibratory roller which is equipped with a compaction measuring and documentation
28、 system which measures and maps the dynamic properties of the compacted surface Note 1 to entry: See Figure 1. 2.3 Continuous Compaction Control CCC use of measuring rollers for quality control in earthworks 2.4 CCC measuring value dynamic value which depends on the measuring principle, the type of
29、roller, operating weight, amplitude, frequency and operating speed used, the type of soil or granular or rockfill material and its water content Note 1 to entry: CCC measuring values determined by different systems are not necessarily equivalent. 2.5 stiffness of a soil quotient of applied force (lo
30、ading) and the corresponding deformation PD CEN/TS 17006:2016CEN/TS 17006:2016 (E) 6 2.6 dynamic stiffness of a soil quotient of variation of dynamic soil reaction force and the corresponding variation of deformation (soil displacement) 2.7 compaction depth depth below the point at which the drum me
31、ets the investigated surface over which the roller provides a significant compaction effect 2.8 measuring depth depth below the point at which the drum meets the investigated surface over which the resulting response from the underlying materials still has an effect on the CCC measuring value 2.9 CC
32、C inspection area part of the production that has been processed under uniform conditions for which a unique compaction requirement is valid 2.10 fall-below spot part of the control areas in which the CCC measuring value falls below a certain CCC target value 2.11 measuring area unit part of a contr
33、ol area, the width of which equals the drum width of the roller and the length of which corresponds to the product of the operating speed and duration of the individual measurement 2.12 jump operation roller drum that partially loses ground contact, which occurs with increasing soil stiffness 2.13 d
34、ouble jump jump operation when the drum loses contact during a complete vibration cycle Note 1 to entry: The roller drum hits the very stiff ground, rebounds and then makes a full cycle in the air before hitting the ground again Note 2 to entry: When jump operation becomes more pronounced because of
35、 high soil stiffness double jump can occur, which usually significantly reduces the magnitude of the CCC measured values. In this way, the CCC measuring system can identify and indicate jumping operation. 2.14 positioning system system for georeferencing the compaction or measuring roller on the are
36、a being processed 2.15 roller pass one forward or backward operation of a vibratory roller over a certain distance 2.16 weak area part of CCC control area, which presents lower CCC values than the rest of the control area PD CEN/TS 17006:2016CEN/TS 17006:2016 (E) 7 3 Fundamentals and principles of C
37、CC measurements Roller integrated continuous compaction control (CCC) is based on the dynamic interaction between the excited drum of a vibratory roller and the soil or granular or rockfill material that has to be compacted. The dynamically measured value determined from the movement behaviour of th
38、e drum shall be physically clearly defined. Vibratory rollers are characterized by a drum that is excited by one or more eccentric masses rotating at constant speed. CCC rollers are equipped with acceleration transducers, processors and a display to provide a record of the drum to soil interaction (
39、Figure 1). During the roller pass of a vibratory roller there is a continuous exchange of kinetic energy between the roller drum and the roller/soil vibrating system. Both the soil stiffness and the absorption of the roller vibration change with increasing compaction. By analysing the vibration beha
40、viour, conclusions can be made about the compaction quality. This analysis can follow various principles. See Annex A. Key 1 compaction depth 2 measuring depth A acceleration transducer B distance sensor C processor D display and recorder E positioning systems (GNSS antenna) Figure 1 Single drum rol
41、ler for CCC measurements (schematic diagram) PD CEN/TS 17006:2016CEN/TS 17006:2016 (E) 8 4 Influences on the CCC measuring value 4.1 General The CCC measuring values can be used to evaluate the stiffness, the soil compaction process and the compaction quality. For proper interpretation of the CCC me
42、asuring values, the major influencing parameters need to be considered. The most important parameters are the weight, amplitude, frequency and operating speed of the roller, driving direction, measuring depth and layer thickness, the type of material, its water content and the evenness of soil surfa
43、ce. 4.2 Roller 4.2.1 General There are three types of rollers as follows: Single drum rollers (vibratory rollers driven by rubber wheels) with a smooth drum, which may also be driven, provide the best results with respect to constant travel speed. Their higher mobility and generally problem-free use
44、 on slopes and loose surfaces are also advantageous. It is also possible to use vibrating pad foot rollers for certain materials. Tandem vibratory rollers with two smooth drums are usually less suitable. Under some subgrade and adverse terrain conditions (e.g. slopes) these rollers may sometimes suf
45、fer from “slip” of the driven drums. The travel speed then sometimes becomes difficult to control. “Intelligent” rollers are vibratory rollers which automatically adjust the compaction energy by changing the amplitude and/or frequency during the compaction process. When intelligent rollers are used
46、for CCC, the amplitude and the frequency need to be fixed. 4.2.2 Static linear load of roller drum The static linear load is a roller parameter which is the load of the drum plus the effective frame weight divided by the drum width. The higher the static linear load, the larger the measuring depth.
47、NOTE The static linear load influences the motion behaviour of the drum, such that rollers with a light frame have a higher tendency to jump. 4.2.3 Vibration amplitude The theoretical amplitude of the drum is a roller parameter which is a function of the drum mass, the eccentric mass and its eccentr
48、icity. The magnitude of the amplitude influences the measuring depth and the motion behaviour of the drum and consequently the magnitude and range of the CCC measuring values. NOTE The measuring depth is higher if the roller is operating with high amplitude. However, this mode of operation increases
49、 the risk of grain crushing and re-loosening of soil near the surface; and the drum has a higher tendency to jump than during operation with lower amplitudes. 4.2.4 Vibration frequency The vibration frequency is a roller parameter which is the number of vibration cycles per second. The frequency affects the magnitude of the CCC values. 4.2.5 Operating speed The operating speed affects the magnitude of the CCC measuring values. In general for much lower speeds higher measuring values can be expected. PD CEN/TS 17006:2016CEN/TS 17006:2016 (E) 9 4.2.6 Directio
