1、BSI Standards PublicationPD CEN/TS 1948-5:2015Stationary source emissions Determination of the massconcentration of PCDDs/PCDFsand dioxin-like PCBsPart 5: Long-term sampling of PCDDs/PCDFs and PCBsPD CEN/TS 1948-5:2015 PUBLISHED DOCUMENTNational forewordThis Published Document is the UK implementati
2、on of CEN/TS1948-5:2015.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to TechnicalCommittee EH/2/1, Stationary source emission.A list of organizations represented on this committee can beobtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessaryprovis
3、ions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correctapplication. The British Standards Institution 2015. Published by BSI StandardsLimited 2015ISBN 978 0 580 85314 2ICS 13.040.40Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity fromlegal obligations.This Published Document was published
4、 under the authority of theStandards Policy and Strategy Committee on 30 April 2015.Amendments issued since publicationDate Text affectedPD CEN/TS 1948-5:2015TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION SPCIFICATION TECHNIQUE TECHNISCHE SPEZIFIKATION CEN/TS 1948-5 April 2015 ICS 13.040.40 English Version Stationary sour
5、ce emissions - Determination of the mass concentration of PCDDs/PCDFs and dioxin-like PCBs - Part 5: Long-term sampling of PCDDs/PCDFs and PCBs Emissions de sources fixes - Dtermination de la concentration massique en PCDD/PCDF et PCB de type dioxine - Partie 5: Prlvement long-terme de PCDD/PCDF et
6、PCB Emissionen aus stationren Quellen - Bestimmung der Massenkonzentration von PCDD/PCDF und dioxin-hnlichen PCB - Teil 5: Langzeitprobenahme von PCDD/PCDF und PCB This Technical Specification (CEN/TS) was approved by CEN on 29 December 2014 for provisional application. The period of validity of thi
7、s CEN/TS is limited initially to three years. After two years the members of CEN will be requested to submit their comments, particularly on the question whether the CEN/TS can be converted into a European Standard. CEN members are required to announce the existence of this CEN/TS in the same way as
8、 for an EN and to make the CEN/TS available promptly at national level in an appropriate form. It is permissible to keep conflicting national standards in force (in parallel to the CEN/TS) until the final decision about the possible conversion of the CEN/TS into an EN is reached. CEN members are the
9、 national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania
10、, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2015 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by an
11、y means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. CEN/TS 1948-5:2015 EPD CEN/TS 1948-5:2015CEN/TS 1948-5:2015 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword 6 Introduction .7 1 Scope 9 2 Normative references 9 3 Terms and definitions 10 4 Symbols and abbreviations . 13 4.1 General . 13 4.2 Polychlorinated
12、 biphenyls, polychlorinated dibenzodioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofuranes . 13 5 Principle of long-term PCDD/PCDF/PCB sampling . 14 5.1 General . 14 5.2 Long-term sampling based on the filter/condenser method 14 5.3 Long-term sampling based on the dilution method 15 5.4 Long-term sampling based
13、on the cooled probe method 15 6 Sampling device and materials . 15 6.1 General sampling device . 15 6.2 Components for the sampling train 15 6.3 Automatic controller . 16 6.4 Devices for measuring the flue gas parameters 16 6.5 Materials 16 7 Minimum requirements for long-term PCDD/PCDF/PCB sampling
14、 methods . 17 7.1 Certification of the sampling system 17 7.2 Validation of the installation/functioning on each plant to be fulfilled by the plant operator 19 7.2.1 Long-term PCDD/PCDF/PCB sampling systems using sampling units which have to be prepared in the laboratory . 19 7.2.2 Minimum requireme
15、nts for set-up. 19 7.2.3 Minimum requirements for selecting the sampling point 19 7.2.4 Minimum requirements for sampling 20 7.3 Minimum requirements for on-going operations on each plant to be fulfilled at regular time intervals by the plant operator 24 7.3.1 Regular check-up 24 7.3.2 Maintenance 2
16、4 8 Quality assurance . 26 8.1 General . 26 8.2 Quality assurance for the sampling unit 26 8.2.1 Leak check . 26 8.2.2 Field blank . 26 8.3 Quality assurance for sampling volume 26 8.3.1 Initial quality assurance . 26 8.3.2 Ongoing quality assurance on site . 26 8.4 Quality assurance of isokinetic s
17、ampling 27 8.5 Quality assurance of flue gas conditions (O2content, temperature, pressure, humidity) . 27 9 Analytical procedure 27 9.1 General . 27 9.2 Extraction of the sample 28 9.3 Partitioning of the sample extract . 28 PD CEN/TS 1948-5:2015CEN/TS 1948-5:2015 (E) 3 9.4 Clean-up . 31 9.5 Identif
18、ication and quantification 31 9.6 Calculation of the recovery rates of the extraction standards . 31 9.7 Calculation of results 31 10 Estimation of uncertainty of the method 32 10.1 General . 32 10.2 Elements required for the uncertainty determinations . 32 10.2.1 Model formula and parameters 32 10.
19、2.2 Expanded uncertainty . 34 11 Reporting 34 11.1 Sampling and analytical report 34 11.2 Record keeping every half hour . 36 11.3 Interruptions recording . 37 11.4 Reporting of the method validation (from manufacturer and test house) . 37 Annex A (normative) Overview of minimum requirements . 39 An
20、nex B (informative) Cleaning of the probe . 41 Annex C (normative) Performance criteria and test procedure for certification 42 C.1 General relation to other standards 42 C.2 General requirements . 42 C.2.1 Application of the minimum requirements . 42 C.2.2 Certification ranges . 42 C.3 Performance
21、criteria common to all long-term PCDD/PCDF/PCB sampling systems for laboratory testing 42 C.3.1 Performance criteria for the automatic isokinetic control 42 C.3.2 Requirements of EN 15267-3 42 C.4 Performance criteria common to all long-term PCDD/PCDF/PCB sampling systems for field testing 43 C.4.1
22、For the automatic isokinetic control . 43 C.4.2 Event of long-term sampling 43 C.4.3 Status information . 43 C.4.4 Availability 43 C.4.5 Reproducibility 43 C.4.6 Automatic post-adjustment unit 43 C.4.7 Loss of PCDD/PCDF/PCB to be determined in the sampling line 44 C.4.8 Number of values to be determ
23、ined 44 C.4.9 Labelling . 44 C.4.10 Storage life . 44 C.4.11 Blank value . 44 C.4.12 Relation to the plant conditions . 44 C.4.13 Isokinetic sampling . 44 C.4.14 Essential characteristic data 44 Annex D (informative) Examples of devices and operation for long-term sampling systems 45 PD CEN/TS 1948-
24、5:2015CEN/TS 1948-5:2015 (E) 4 D.1 Filter/condenser method 45 D.1.1 Summary of apparatus design 45 D.1.1.1 General . 45 D.1.1.2 Sampling unit 46 D.1.1.3 Control unit 46 D.1.2 Spiking position 46 D.1.3 Assembly procedure 46 D.1.4 Leak check procedure 46 D.1.5 Sampling 46 D.1.6 Sample gas flow control
25、 46 D.1.7 Long-term sample automated features 47 D.2 Dilution method . 47 D.2.1 Summary of apparatus design 47 D.2.1.1 General . 47 D.2.1.2 Extraction unit . 48 D.2.1.3 Sucking and measurement unit 48 D.2.2 Spiking position 49 D.2.3 Assembly procedure 49 D.2.4 Leak test procedure 49 D.2.5 Sampling 4
26、9 D.2.6 Long-term sample automated features 50 D.3 Cooled probe method . 50 D.3.1 Summary of apparatus design 50 D.3.1.1 For patent rights see Introduction 50 D.3.1.2 Sampling probe . 51 D.3.1.3 Sampling unit 51 D.3.1.4 Control cabinet 52 D.3.2 Spiking position 52 D.3.3 Handling procedure 52 D.3.4 L
27、eak test procedure 52 D.3.5 Sampling 52 D.3.6 Isokinetic flow control 53 D.3.7 Automatic features of long-term sampling system . 53 Annex E (informative) Fundamentals of isokinetic sampling 54 E.1 Isokinetic sampling. 54 E.1.1 General . 54 E.1.2 Influence on the isokinetic sampling over several days
28、 and weeks . 55 E.1.3 Parameters to be checked . 57 PD CEN/TS 1948-5:2015CEN/TS 1948-5:2015 (E) 5 E.1.3.1 Pitot constant . 57 E.1.3.2 pidifferential pressure 58 E.1.3.3 psstatic pressure . 58 Annex F (informative) Example for the determination of the representative sampling point . 60 Annex G (infor
29、mative) Estimation of the uncertainty of measured PCDD/PCDF of the long-term sampling system . 63 G.1 General . 63 G.2 Analysis of the measurement process and mathematical modelling 63 G.2.1 Basic formula of the calculation of the concentration of each of the PCDD/PCDF congeners. 63 G.2.2 Determinat
30、ion of the sampled gas volume collected by a volumetric meter 64 G.2.2.1 Volume at the actual conditions of temperature and pressure of the gas meter . 64 G.2.2.2 Volume sampled at standard temperature and pressure conditions, on dry gas (in case of the volume measurement of dry gas) 64 G.2.3 Source
31、s of errors . 65 G.3 Application of the law of propagation of uncertainties . 66 G.3.1 Total concentration of PCDD/PCDF . 66 G.3.2 Determination of the gas volume collected by a volumetric meter . 66 G.4 Calculation of type uncertainties . 66 G.4.1 Calculation of the concentration of each of the PCD
32、D/PCDF congeners considered . 66 G.4.2 Total concentration of PCDD/PCDF . 67 G.4.3 Determination of the volume of gas by a volumetric meter 67 G.4.3.1 Volume at actual conditions of temperature, pressure and humidity . 67 G.4.3.2 Dry volume at standard conditions of temperature and pressure . 67 G.4
33、.3.2.1 Case of the measurement of a volume of dry gas V=Vd67 G.4.3.2.2 Corrections on temperature measurements . 69 G.5 Calculation of expanded uncertainty 69 G.6 Example of digital application: measurement of dioxin/furan-concentration . 69 G.6.1 Specific conditions on site . 69 G.6.2 Performance c
34、haracteristics of the method . 72 G.6.3 Calculation of the concentration . 73 G.6.4 Calculation of standard uncertainties . 74 G.6.5 Calculation of the expanded uncertainty associated with concentration . 75 Annex H (informative) Example for calculation of measurement results for standard conditions
35、 76 H.1 General . 76 H.2 Dry volumetric flow rate in standard conditions 76 Annex I (normative) Adaption of the maximum deviation in relation to the PCDD/PCDF/PCB concentration . 78 Bibliography 80 PD CEN/TS 1948-5:2015CEN/TS 1948-5:2015 (E) 6 Foreword This document (CEN/TS 1948-5:2015) has been pre
36、pared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 264 “Air quality”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such paten
37、t rights. According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to announce this Technical Specification: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedon
38、ia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. PD CEN/TS 1948-5:2015CEN/TS 1948-5:2015 (E) 7 Introduction EN 1948-1, EN
39、 1948-2, EN 1948-3 and EN 1948-4 describe reference methods for the determination of PCDD/PCDF/PCB, whereas this Technical Specification gives requirements for long-term sampling measurements in connection with the appropriate analytical methods (equivalent method). In contrast to the standard refer
40、ence method (EN 1948-1) which refers to monitoring the limit value for compliance with emission limit values (ELVs) in Directives, such as Industrial Emission Directive (IED) 10, the long-term sampling is intended to determine the average concentration level during a longer period (see e.g. 12, 13).
41、 CEN/TS 1948-5 provides a method for measuring long term average mass concentrations but it does not specify its potential use by the competent authority for demonstrating compliance with long term ELVs. Long-term sampling methods are not automatic measurement methods and do not provide continuous e
42、mission monitoring data (real time display). This Technical Specification in connection with EN 1948-2 and EN 1948-3 (extraction and analysis) are necessary for the performance of long-term sampling of PCDDs/PCDFs/ PCBs. In some European Union countries PCDD/PCDF/PCB long-term sampling is an obligat
43、ory measurement for some incineration processes. In other countries of the European Union this may be obligatory in the future. The European Organization for Standardization (CEN) draws attention to the fact that it is claimed that compliance with this document may involve the use of patents concern
44、ing the use of PCDD/PCDF/PCB long-term sampling systems, described in this document. This is valid for a) the filter/condenser method (see 5.2) and b) the cooled probe method (see 5.4). CEN takes no position concerning the evidence, validity and scope of these patent rights. The holder of this paten
45、t right has ensured CEN and CENELEC that he is willing to negotiate licenses under reasonable and non-discriminatory terms and conditions with applicants throughout the world. In this respect, the statement of the holder of this patent right is registered with CEN and CENELEC. Information may be obt
46、ained from: c) TECORA 211-215 rue de la France 94134 Fontenay sous Bois France d) Environment S.A 111, bd Robespierre 78304 Poissy Cedex France Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights other than those identified above. CEN
47、and CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. PD CEN/TS 1948-5:2015CEN/TS 1948-5:2015 (E) 8 http:/www.cencenelec.eu/ipr/Patents/Pages/default.aspx maintains online databases of patents relevant to its documents. Users are encouraged to consult the databases
48、 for the most up to date information concerning patents. It should be mentioned that also a patent right existed for the dilution method (see 5.3). This patent was phased out in September 2014. In Reference 1 the results of a round robin test for long-term sampling are presented. WARNING All relevan
49、t national safety regulations shall be observed. The 2,3,7,8-chlorine substituted PCDDs/PCDFs belong to the most toxic of chemicals. In addition working at the sampling site may include exposure to a range of hazards such as poisonous/asphyxiating flue gases and working at heights. Appropriate measures shall be taken to minimize exposure to such hazards. Care shall be taken when transporting samples to avoid their breakage both to prevent contamination and to avoid sample losses. PD CEN/TS 1948-5:2015CEN/TS 1948-5:2015 (E) 9 1 Scope This Technical Specification sp
